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ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ
ﺩ .ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍﱐ
ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺳﺎﱂ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻜﻲ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺁﻝ ﺳﻌﺪ
١٤٢٦ﻫـ
٢
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﺔ
ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ:
ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺑﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ.
ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ:
.١ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ.
.٢ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ.
.٣ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ
ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ.
.٤ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ:
ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ
ﺭﻗﻢ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ:
٢٧ • ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱄ
٢٩ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ )ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ( :
٢٩ ♦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ ).(+ , -
♦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ Linksﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ
)..(Url; Host, Site; Inurl
٣٠ ♦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ
).(defin
٣٢ ♦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ )*()؟(.
٣٣ ♦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ )ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ(
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ).(title
٣٧
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ:
٦٤-٥٠ • ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ( Google Toolbar & Yahoo Toolbar ) :
• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ) ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ (
ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ Peopleﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ. ♦
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ. ♦
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ. ♦
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ .Images ♦
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ :ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ ♦
،News Groupsﻭﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ.
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ:
٧٨-٦٥ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ:
♦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
♦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ .Shopping
♦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ .Forum
♦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ Mailing
.Lists
• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ.
• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ:
٩٠-٨٠ • ﻭﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ) ( Metadata
• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ Domainsﻭﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ
ﺍﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ Web Hostingﺍﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﲰﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ:
٥٦/٥٥ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(١٧/١٦ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ.
٥٧ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(١٨ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ.
١٩ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(١٩ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢١/٢٠ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ،
٦٠/٥٩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ...ﺍﱁ(.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٢ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ News
٦١ groupsﻭﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٣ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
٦٣
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ:
٦٨ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٤ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
٦٩ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٥ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ.
٧٠ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٦ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ .Forum
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٧ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ Mailing
٧١ .Lists/Groups
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٢٩/٢٨ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ
٧٤-٧٣ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )(٣٠ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ Library
٧٥ Catalogsﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ):(٣١ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ
٧٦ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٣٢ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
٧٨
ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ:
٨٥ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٣٣ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ metadataﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٣٤ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ Domainsﻭﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ
٨٦ ﺍﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ .Web hosting
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) :(٣٥ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ
٨٧
٥٠ﻕ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ • ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ. • ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٤ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٢٠ﻕ
ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ.
٥٠ﻕ ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ
ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٥ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٣٠ﻕ
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺎﱐ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٦ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٢٠ﻕ
ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﱯ ،ﺑﺘﺮ
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ.
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ:
ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ
ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ .ﻭ ﺃﺿﺤﺖ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ .ﻓﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ
ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺯﻝ.
ﻭ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻐﺮﻣﺎ ﺎ ﳌﺎ ﳚﺪﻭﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺔ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﲝﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻋﺎﳌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮﻱ .ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ
ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﲟﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺎ،
ﺳﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺿﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺑﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺗﺒﺘﻠﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﻴﻘﺔ ،ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ Search Enginesﺍﻟﱵ
ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻩ ﰲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺒﺶ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻕ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺎ
ﺍﳌﻐﻤﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ،ﻣﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭ ﳎﻨﺒﺔ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ
ﰲ ﻣﺘﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ
ﻭ ﺻﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ .ﺣﻴﺚ
ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲝﻮﺛﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ .ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ
ﻭ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ.
ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﺎ ،ﳑﺎ ﺩﻋﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ
ﻭ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ )ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ( .ﻭ ﺳﺂﰐ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ.
ﻧﻴﻮﺯﺭﻭﻓﺮ News Rover:ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ .ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ .ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﳏﺮﻙ ﳐﺘﺺ ﺑﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻖ
ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻋﺎﺗﻪ.
ﺇﻧﻔﻮ ﻏﻴﺖ Info gate:ﻟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﲨﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﺘﺎﺯ ﺎ ،ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﲢﻤﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ .ﻭ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ
ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ (search engine) ١ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﹶ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ )ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻭﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ FTPﻭ ﺗﻠﻨﺖ (Telnet))،
ﻭﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ:
.١ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ
ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ) (spiderﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ
ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺣﻒ ) (crawlerﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺒﺤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺪﻭﺀ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ
ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ) ،(titleﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ) (keywordsﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻳﻬﺎ ،ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﳏﺪﺩﺍﺕ
ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺎ ) (Meta tagsﻓﻴﻬﺎ .ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻞ
ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻌﻘﱡﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ) (linksﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﶈﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻟﻴﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ،ﻭﱂ ﺗﻐﺐ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻯ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﻲ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺇﺫ
ﻳﻨﻈﻢ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺯﻳﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺗﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﺮﺳﺔ.
.٢ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﹸﻔﻬﺮﺱ
ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﹸﻔﹶﻬﺮﹺﺱ ) ،(index programﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝ ) (catalogueﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ،ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
) (databaseﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺕ ) (spiderﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻭﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ،ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ).(ranking algorithms
ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ:
٢
ﻳﻌﺪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ (Web directory)،ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﹸﺮﺷﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝ (catalogue or guide)،
ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔﹰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ .ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ
ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ،ﰎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﲜﻬﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ
ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻫﺮﻣﻲ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ،ﰒ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲣﺼﺼﻴﺎ.
ﻛﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﲔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ،ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ،ﺃﻭ
ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﻟﻨﺸﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
.١ﺇﻥ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﻭﻳﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺁﱄ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ
ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻭﺍﺣﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻛﺐ )ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﺕ( ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺸﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺪﻭﻱ ،ﻭﻳﺘﻢ
ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻪ ﲢﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ.
.٢ﺇﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺄﺿﺨﻢ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺿﺨﻢ
ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ )ﻳﺎﻫﻮ( ﻻ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ.
.٣ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺷﺎﻕ ،ﻭﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺃﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ.
ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺉ ،ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ .٤
ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﺎﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳏﺪﺩ ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ(.
ﻳﻌﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺓ )ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ .٥
ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ( ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﻳﻔﻘﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ
ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﻲ.
ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺸﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ .٦
ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ( ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ )ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﺳﲔ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻜﺸﻔﲔ(.
ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ .٧
ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ.
.٨ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ
ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﺭﻥ ﲟﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.٩ﺇﻥ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ
)ﺍﳌﻜﺸﻒ/ﺍﳌﻔﻬﺮﺱ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ
ﻓﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﺸﻒ/ﺍﳌﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ
ﺍﳌﻜﺸﻒ/ﺍﳌﻔﻬﺮﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﱐ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﺝ ﲢﺖ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﱐ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﻓﻘﻪ
ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ )ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ(.
.١٠ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲝﺚ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ
ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ )ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﻒ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ( ،ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ
ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ.
.١١ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺣﺮ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻘﻴﺪﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺎ ﺑﺄﻱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ،ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺣﱴ ﳚﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻐﻴﺘﻪ.
.١٢ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﲝﺜﻚ ،ﺑﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﰲ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﻷﻥ ﲢﺪﺩ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲝﺚ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ،
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ،ﻓﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ
ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻟﻶﺧﺮ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ،ﻓﻤﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ
ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ.
ﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣ ﹰﺎ
ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﲨﻴﻊ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ.
ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌـﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ
ﰲ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﳎﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ،ﻓـﺎﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﻫﻴـﺊ ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ
ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗـﻊ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻌـﺪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗـﺔ ،ﻓﻐﺎﻟﺒـﺎﹰ ﻣـﺎ ﻳـﺘﻢ ﺗﻜـﺸﻴﻒ
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﰒ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ.
ﻓﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗـﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺻـﻔﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺻـﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﻗـﻊ ﻣﺎﻋـﺪﺍ
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ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺘﻜﺸﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ،ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﻘـﻮﻡ ﳏـﺮﻙ ﻻﻳﻜـﻮﺱ ﺑﺘﻜـﺸﻴﻒ
ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟــﺼﻔﺤﺔ ،Titleﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨــﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴــﺴﺔ ، Headingsﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨــﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴــﺔ ،Sub-heading
ﻭﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ Hyperlinksﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ،ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻝ ٢٠ﺳﻄﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ.
ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴـﺎﱐ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌـﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻴـﺔ Boolean Operators
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴــﺔ ) :ﻭ (Andﻭ ) ﺃﻭ (orﻭ ) ﻟــﻴﺲ ،(Notﻭﺫﻟــﻚ ﻟﻠﺒﺤــﺚ ﻋــﻦ ﺍﳌــﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤــﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ )ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ، (٢ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺭﺑـﻂ ﻣﻌـﲎ ﻭﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ
ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
) .١ﻭ :(Andﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛـﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ.
) .٢ﺃﻭ :( Orﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﲝـﺚ ﻋﻨـﻬﺎ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻈﻬـﺮ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ.
) .٣ﻟﻴﺲ :( Notﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﺪﺩﺎ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ
ﻻ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ.
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ، Internet Explorerﰒ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ
ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ ) ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ( Search Enginesﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ
) ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ( ﻭ ) ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﲝﺚ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻨﺼﺢ ﺎ ( ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ :
ﻗــﻢ ﺑﺘــﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺘــﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧــﺖ ، Internet Explorerﰒ ﺃﺧﺘــﺮ ﺑﻌــﺾ ﳏﺮﻛــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺚ
ﺍﳌـﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ ) ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ،ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ (
ﻭﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺛﻨﲔ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﺎﻝ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ :
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ، Internet Explorerﰒ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ) ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ . ( Directories
ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺛﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ،ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ :
ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺏ ﰒ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
ﺃﲝﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ
) ; And ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٤ﻣﺮﺍﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﺎﱐ
(OR ; NOT
ﰒ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ :
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٥٠ﻕ • ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﱄ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺮﻳﻦ:
ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ. ) ( Host, Site
• ﲤــﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗــﻢ )( ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺚ ﰲ ٢٥ﻕ
ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ
ﺍﻷﻣﺮ:
)(Host
٢٥ﻕ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )( ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ
ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ
ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ) ( site
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٥٠ﻕ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ: ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ )(filetype, title, cache
ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
• ﲤــﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗــﻢ )( ﺍﻟﺒﺤــﺚ ﰲ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗـــﻊ ﻋــــﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔــــﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ:
)(filetype
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗـﻢ )( ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿــﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺔ
ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ )ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ( ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ(title):
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗـﻢ )( ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ:
)(cache
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٥٠ﻕ • ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ: ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ )?( (define ),(*),
ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﺖ
ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺎﺏ
ﻣﺜﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ
ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﳛﺴﻦ ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢﹴ ﺎ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
-١ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻭﻻﹸ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ
ﺗﻮﻇﻔﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
-٢ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ )ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳏﺪﺩ ،ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ( .
-٣ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ .
-٤ﻻ ﺗﻜﺘﻒ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﰲ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺍﺩﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ
ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ )ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ(.
-٥ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ
ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺻﻴﻎ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ .
-٦ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ(.
-٧ﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺑﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ .
-٨ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻚ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲝﺜﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻴﺤﻪ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ .
-٩ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﳏﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ
ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ .
-١٠ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺎﻭ ﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳏﺮﻙ ﲝﺚ ﳚﻤﻊ ﻋﺪﺩﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
-١١ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮ ) (wildcardﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺑـ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﰲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ
ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
-١٢ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ
ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
-١٣ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻀﻴﻖ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ
/ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻭ . AND
-١٤ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ )ﻟﻴﺲ /ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ( NOTﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﻀﻴﻖ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
-١٥ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﺣﺎﻭ ﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ /ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻞ
ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﻲ )ﺃﻭ( . OR
-١٦ﻭﺳﻊ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﴰﻮﻻﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺩﺧﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ
.١ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ +
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ...
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﲔ schoolﻭ teacherﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
school +teacher
-٢ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ -
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻭ ﻻﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ schoolﻭ ﻻ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ teacherﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
school -teacher
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ please learn meﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺿﻊ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
-٤ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ intitle
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ
google
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ schoolﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ googleﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
intitle:school
-٥ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ allintitle
ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ٥ﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ schoolﻭ tetcherﻭ bookﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ
ﻋﻠﻰ googleﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
-٦ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ inurl
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ schoolﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
inurl:school
-٧ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ allinurl
ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ( inurlﻭ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ schoolﻭ teacherﻭ bookﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
-٨ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ cache
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ Googleﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
cache:www.school.com boy
-٩ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ link
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ www.yahoo.comﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
link:www.yahoo.com
-١٠ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ related
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻫﻲ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ www.yahoo.comﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ : -
related:www.yahoo.com
-١١ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ info
ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : -
info:www.yahoo.com
-١٢ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ site
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
help site:http://www.google.com/
.١٣ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ define
ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) * ( ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ * sing
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Singingﻭ sings
ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ؟ ( ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻫﻮ yahooﻭﺫﻟـﻚ ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ ﺃﻱ
ﺣﺮﻑ ﻳﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ) ؟ (
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :١
s?ngﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ singers , singsﻭ singing
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :٢
??ngﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ sang , sing , rang , ringﻭﺃﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﲢﺘـﻮﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺭﺑﻌـﺔ ﺃﺣـﺮﻑ
ﻭﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻓﲔ ng
ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮHost :
ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺸﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺎ ،
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Host:mars.jpl.nasa.gov
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
Host:mars.jpl.nasa.gov venus jupitar
ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ
mars.jpl.nasa.gov
ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﳏﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻏـﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﻏـﻮﺏ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ،
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
" host :mars.jpl.nasa.gov – "mars pathfinder
ﳝﻜﻦ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ـﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻉ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﳏﺪﺩ ،
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
" Host : nasa.gov " -mars exploration
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﳓﻦ ﻧﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻛﺘـﺸﺎﻑ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺦ mars explorationﻭﺗـﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﲨﻴـﻊ
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
mars.jpl.nasa.govـ
spacekids.hq.nasa.govـ
cmex.arc.nasa.govـ
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ Domainsﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
Govـ
Eduـ
Comـ
Netـ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
" mars landings " + host:edu
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
" football scores " + Host:uk
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) URLﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﳏﺮﻙ :( google
ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ URLﺃﻭ
Site
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
ﺃﻭ
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻜـﺸﺎﻑ ﻛﻮﻛـﺐ ﺍﳌـﺮﻳﺦ ﻣﺎﻋـﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑﻮﻛﺎﻟـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ Nasaﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺦ .
ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻮﻗﻊ ﻧﺎﺳﺎ Nasaﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ :
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) inurlﺧﺎﺹ ﲟﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ :( Google
ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ inurlﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺘـﻮﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺍﶈـﺪﺩ ﰲ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺓ ﻓـﺮﺹ ﺍﳊـﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻧﺘـﺎﺋﺞ ﻗﺮﻳﺒـﺔ ﺟـﺪﺍﹰ
ﻭﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ.
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
mars exploration -url : nasa.gov
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ) ( pdfﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺦ .
ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳏﺮﻙ Googleﺃﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ /
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ) ( pdfﺃﻭ ) ( docﺃﻭ ) ( aspﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ filetype
ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ) ( inurlﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺤﻢ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ.
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :١
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :٢
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ:٣
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :١
title : mars
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ /ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ marsﰲ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ.
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : ٢
title:mars title:landings
ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌـﺼﻄﻠﺤﲔ marsﻭ landingsﺑﻐـﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈـﺮ ﻋـﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﻤـﺎ ﰲ
ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ.
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : ١
intitle: mars
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : ٢
intitle: mars landings
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ : ٣
" intitle : mars landings
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻠﻮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ
٢ـ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻪ ﰒ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ،ﰒ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ .
٣ـ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻥ ﰒ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ .
٤ـ ﺃﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ) . ( SA
__ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) ( Urlﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،
ﻭﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ،ﰒ ﺣـﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌـﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ) ، ( Urlﻻﺣـﻆ ﻋـﺪﺩ
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ .
__ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) ( Siteﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤـﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،
ﻭﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ،ﰒ ﺣـﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌـﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ) ، ( Siteﻻﺣـﻆ ﻋـﺪﺩ
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ .
__ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) ( Lnurlﻻﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟـﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،
ﻭﺳــﺠﻞ ﻋــﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘــﺎﺋﺞ ،ﰒ ﺣــﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌــﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣــﺮ) ، ( Lnurlﻻﺣــﻆ
ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ .
__ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣــﺮ Filetypeﻟﻠﺒﺤــﺚ ﻋــﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﲢﺘــﻮﻱ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﻋــﻦ ﺃﺣــﺪ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﺪﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺏ ﰒ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ .
ﻗﻢ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺼﻴﻎ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ :
__ Doc
__ htm
__ pdf
١ـ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣـﺮ ) ( titleﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑـﺎﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟـﱵ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ
ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ .
ﰲ ٢ـ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ،ﻭﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
٢ـ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ،ﻭﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺑـﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿـﻮﻉ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﰲ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
١ـ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ) ( relatedﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍـﺎ ﻋﻼﻗـﻪ ﺑـﺎﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﺍﻧـﺖ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺗﻪ .
٢ـ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ،ﻭﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﰎ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .
ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ )*( ﻭ )؟( ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌـﲔ
ﻳﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺏ ،ﻭﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ .
٥٠ﻕ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ .ﻭ ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓGoogle ) :
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﺓ Toolbar & Yahoo Toolbar
٢٠ﻕ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )( :ﲝﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )( :ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ
ﺍﻹﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ News groups
ﻭﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ.
٣٠ﻕ • ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰲ
ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ News
groupsﻭﻭﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ
٢٠ﻕ ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ، ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ،ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎدر
ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ.ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت )اﻟﻜﺘﺐ،اﻟﺼﺤﻒ،
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ اﻟﻤﺠﻼت...اﻟﺦ(
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )( :ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ٢٠ﻕ
ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭ
ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ.
٢٠ﻕ • ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ )( :ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
•
٢٠ﻕ • ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ.
ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﲝﺚ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ .ﻭ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﲝﺜﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻭﲤﻜﻨﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲟﻌﺎﻳﲑ
ﳏﺪﺩﺓ.
ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲝﺚ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ:
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ •
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ •
٥٣
ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ:
)ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﺍ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣـﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﲝـﺚ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ:
-٢ﻻﺣﻆ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﲡﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ) :ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ-
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ-ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ....ﺍﱁ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ (Advanced Search
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺳـﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺔ •
ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ .
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲝﺚ ﰒ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ . •
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲝﺚ ﰒ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ . •
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:
ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻚ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻱ،
ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ.
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﺎﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻱ.
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﺎﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ.
ﺇﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ) (http://www.google.comﰒ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻣـﻦ ﺑـﲔ
ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ:
.١ﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ :
.٢ﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜـﻮﻥ ﺍﻟـﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻛـﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﳊﺠـﻢ
ﻭﺑﺎﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ JPGﻭﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ.
.١ﺃﺑﺪﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻠﻴﻢ ) ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ – (Closerﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻭﻻﺣﻆ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ
ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺔ.
.٢ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﰒ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻠﻴﻢ ) ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ (Closer-ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ
ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ :
ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ) (Iraq newsﰲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰒ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻏـﲑ ﺃﻱ -١
ﳏﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﰒ ﺍﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﺎﺓ.
ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟـﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠـﻰ Advanced Searchﲜـﻮﺍﺭ -٢
ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﰒ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﺎﻷﰐ:
• ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ) (with all of the wordﺍﺩﺧﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ) .(Iraq news
• ﰲ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﻮﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ .
• ﰲ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ٢٠٠٣/١/١ﺣﱴ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ.
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﺋﻌﻲ ﺃﻭﻋﻴـﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ،ﳝﻜـﻦ ﻟﻸﻓـﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴـﺔ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟـﻚ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺇﻳﺼﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻳﺪ ،ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷـﺮﻳﻦ
ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻴﺤﻮﺎ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﱪ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ
ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ ﺑﻜـﻞ
ﻭﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺅﻩ ﻣـﻦ ﻋﺪﻣـﻪ .ﻭﲟﻜـﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳـﺴﺔ ﺍﳌـﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻥ
ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻠﻴﻮﺟﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔـﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ.
ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ ﺑﻞ ﺍﻵﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻌﻠﻨـﺎ ﻧﻌـﺮﺽ ﺑﻌـﻀﺎﹰ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻫـﻲ
ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ:
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ:
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ:
Book Web -١ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲨﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ Booksellers American
Bowker Books in Print -Association -٢
Best Big Online Bookstores -٣
Noble & Barnes -٤
Amazon.Com -٥
Canadian Book Exchange Center -٦
ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻗﻢ
ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ :
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............................................................................................................................................................................... ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ:
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ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٢٥ﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ
ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ. ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (١٦ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ. ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ )(Shopping
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (١٧ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ.
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
ﺍﳌﻨﺘـــﺪﻳﺎﺕ ،Forumﻭﺍﻟﻘـــﻮﺍﺋﻢ
ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ .Mailing Lists
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (١٨ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ .Forum
• ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (١٩ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋـﻦ ٢٥ﻕ
ﺍﻟﻘـــــﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻤﻮﻋـــــﺎﺕ
Mailing ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳــــــﺔ
Lists/Groups
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻓﮭﺎرس ٢٥ﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ
ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎت .Library Catalogs
ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ.
٢٥ﻕ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٢١ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ.
٢٥ﻕ ﲤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) (٢٢ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ.
ﺇﻛﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ٢٥ﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ
ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ. ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ .Databases
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻚ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻫﺬﻩ
ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ:
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺎﻡ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺷﺨﺎﺹ :
ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻀﻊ Shoppingﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴـﺎﺭ ﰒ
ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ،ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ:
ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﰲ ﺃﺣـﺪ ﳏﺮﻛـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ.
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﻣﻌﲔ ﳝﻜﻨـﻚ ﺍﻟـﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﻗـﻊ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻏﺒﻪ:
.http://www.arborwood.com/awforums/search-for-forum-1.php .١
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﰒ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﺍﻤﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ،
ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ) (٣ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﻤﻮﻋﺔ.
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﰒ ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋـﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳـﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﰎ
ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺃﲰﺎﺀ ) (٣ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺻـﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤـﺔ
ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ.
ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺷﻜﺎﳍﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ
ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﻘﺘﻨﻴﻬـﺎ
ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﳒﺪ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﳒﺮﺱ ﺗﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺎﺋﻞ ﻣـﻦ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴـﺔ .ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﶈﻠـﻲ ﺷـﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻟﻜـﺜﲑ ﻣـﻦ
ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺇﺗﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻌـﺾ ﻣﻮﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻟـﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼـﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺻـﻨﺎﻋﺔ
ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺘﻢ ﲟﺴﺎﻧﺪﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔـﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ .
ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ :
١ـ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ
ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
ـ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ )Reference Service(s
ـ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ )Information Service(s
ـ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ /ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ Data bases
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HTTP://
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HTTP://
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HTTP://
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HTTP://
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HTTP://
ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺪﺩ ) ( ٣ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ) ( ٣ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ، (٢١ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ :
١ـ ﺍﲝﺚ ﰲ ﻓﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ Subjectﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ
ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻞ ﰲ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ) . ( ٣
٢ـ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ( ٣ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ) ﺃ ( ﺳﺠﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺃﺱ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺭﻗﻢ ) . ( ١
٣ـ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﺗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ( ٢ﻭﺳﺠﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻠﻮﺟﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ( ٣ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ) ﺏ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ .
٤ـ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺃﺳﺘﻌﺮﺿﻚ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ، (٢ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻚ ﳌﺪﻯ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﺳﺠﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ) ( ٣ﻓﻘﺮﺓ ) ﺝ ( .
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ
ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ
ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃ(:
ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺮﺟﻌﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
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.1ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺭﺩﻣﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ
ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ Link ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ/ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ
ﻓﻘﺮﺓ )ﺝ(:
1. Title
Author ISBN
Publishe Place
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Date/Iss Link
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ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ
-ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗـﻢ ) (٣ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺚ
ﻋــﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋــﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠــﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳــﺔ Proquestﳌــﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﺣــﺪ ﺍﳌــﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ
ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﲝﻮﺙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻢ ) . ( ٣
ـ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤـﻮﺫﺝ ﺭﻗـﻢ ) ( ٣ﻟﺘﻜـﻮﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ
ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ . Proquest
ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ >... <HEAD
> </HEADﻭﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ ،ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻌﺘﱪﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻘﻴـﺔ .ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺃـﺎ
ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ) .ﻭﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻧﻲ ﻗﻠﺖ ﳏﺮﻛـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﱂ ﺃﻗـﻞ ﺃﺩﻟـﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ( ﻓﺎﳊﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳏﺮﻛـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺚ ﻣﺜـﻞ Altavista, Hotbot,
Infoseekﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﻗـﻊ
ﻭﻻ ﺗــﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨــﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻟ ـﺔ .ﺃﻱ ﺃﻥ Yahooﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣــﻞ ﻣﻌﻬــﺎ ﺃﺑــﺪﺍﹰ .ﻭﻣــﻊ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﻓــﺈﻥ ﻧــﺸﺮﻙ
ﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺘـﱪ ﺇﻏﻔـﺎﻻﹰ ﳉﺎﻧـﺐ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻣـﻦ
ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ .ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ) ...ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ "ﻟﻜـﻦ" ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘـﺼﻒ ﺍﳊـﺪﻳﺚ،
ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻏﲑ ﺳﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ( ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺣـﻼﹰ ﺳـﺤﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﳌـﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﳏﺮﻛـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ،ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﺎ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺇﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻣﻮﻗﻌـﻚ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺮﻛـﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺃـﺎ ﺗـﺴﺎﻋﺪ
ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ .ﻟﻜﻦ ﺳـﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﻣﺎﻣـﻚ
ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻹﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ.
NAME
ﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﻢ )ﺃﻭ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ( ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ
CONTENT
ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺇﺳﻨﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺻﻴﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﲔ
ﰲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ .ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻲﺀ،
ﻓﻤﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺄﺎ Server Sideﺃﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ
ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ Client Sideﻭﻻ ﻢ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ .ﻭﻣﺎ
ﻳﻌﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
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ﻫﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺳﻮﻡ METAﺍﻟﱵ ﻤﻨﺎ .ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﲨﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻴﻔﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ
ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻨﻚ ﻗﺼﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺼﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺗﻚ.
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ )ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﲏ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻚ( .ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ
ﺗﻨﺲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﺰ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﻚ
ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ.
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ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻞﺀ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺧﺎﺹ ﳌﺮﺓ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰒ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ
ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ...ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ AddWebﻭﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
Submission Wizardﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﻒ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺜﻴﻼﺎ ،ﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪﺩ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺸﺮﺍﺀ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ... .ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﺑﺄﺱ ﻣﻦ ﲡﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ.
ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﳏﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ
ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ .ﰲ Altavistaﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﺃﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ .Add Pageﻭﰲ Infoseekﻭ
Exciteﻭ HotBotﺳﺘﺠﺪﻫﺎ URL Addﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ Yahooﻓﻬﻲ How To Suggest a Site؟ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻼﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﹻ ﺃﺿﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻚ.
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ :
ﻭﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﻣـﺪﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫـﺎ ﲤﻬﻴـﺪﺍﹰ ﻟـﺪﻓﻊ ﺭﺳـﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘـﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻣـﺘﻼﻙ
ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ .ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘـﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗـﻊ،
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺼﻔﺤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ.
http://www.whois.com .١
http://www.allwhois.com .٢
http://www.betterwhois.com .٣
ﺣﺎول اﻧﺘﺠﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮭﺎ ﺣﻮل أي ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﮭﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ:
-١ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎﻥ .ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ :ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ .ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ
ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ١٤٢٢ ،ﻫـ.
-٢ﻓﻬﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩ .ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ .ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ :ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ١٤٢١ ،ﻫـ
-٣ﺣﻜﻤﺖ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ .ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ .ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ :ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ،
.١٩٩٣
-٤ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ
ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ. http://www.c4arab.com/showac.php?acid=292
-٥ﺍﳌﻨﱪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﰐ http://minbar.scs.org.sy/index.php
-٦ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﲰﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺭﺍﺷﺪ ﺁﻝ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﻡ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
http://www.itep.ae/arabic/home.aspx