Tangent & Normal

Exercises
Level - 1
(Problems Based on Fundamentals)

ABC of Tangents and Normals 10. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
x + y = xy, where it curts the x-axis.
1. Find the slope of the tangent to the curve
y = x3 + 3x2 + 3x – 10 at x = 2.
11. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
y = |x2 – |x|| at x = –2.
2. Find the slope of the normal to the curve
y = x3 + 1 at x = 2.
12. Find the equation of the tangents drawn to the
curve y2 – 2x3 – 4y + 8 = 0 from point (1, 2).
ax
3. If the slope of the curve y  at the point
bx
(1, 1) be 2. Find the value of a + b + 10. 13. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
x2 = 4y, which passes through the point (1, 2)

4. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve

y = e2x at x = 0 Vertical Tangent
14. Show that the curve
5. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x – exy has a vertical tangent at (1, 0).

y  3 x 1 at x = 1.
15. The curve x + y – log(x + y) = 2x + 5 has a
vertical tangent at the point (p, q), then find
6. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve the value of p + q + 10.
y = be–x/a at the point where it crosses the
y-axis.
Horizontal Tangent
16. Find the points on the curve
7. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve
y = 2x3 + 3x2 – 12x + 1 where the tangent is
4
y at x = 0. horizontal.
x2  2

17. Find the points on the curve y = x3 – x2 – x + 3

8. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
where the tangents are parallel to x-axis.
x3 + y3 = txy at (3, 3).

9. Find the equation of the normal to the curve

y = 3x2 + 2 sin x + 4 ccos x + 10 at x = 0.

1
 Tangent & Normal

Equally Inclined with the Axes 34. Find the angle between the curves
3 2
x
18. At what points on the curve y = +
x
, the tangents y2 = 4x and y = e-x12.
3 2 35. Find the acute angle between the curves
make equal angles with the co-ordinate axes?
y = sinx and y = cosx.
Equation of Tangent and Normal to a 2nd Degree
Curve 36 Find the angle between the curves
19. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 2/ = x3 and y2 = 32x.
y = 4ax at 't'. 37. Prove that the curves y2 = 4x and x2 + l-
6y + 1 = 0
20. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve touch each other at the point (1, 2).
x2 + y2 + x + y = 0 at (1, -1) 38. Prove that the curves y = 6 - x + x 2 and
y = (x - 1) (x + 2) touch each other at (2, 4).
21. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
39. Prove that -the curves x = y and xy = k cut at right
x2 + y2 = 10 at (3, 1). angles if 8k2 = 1.
22. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 2
x2 y2 4x 6y 9 = 0 at (-4, -3). x2
+ + + + 40. Find the values of a if the curves + � = 1 and
a2 4
23. Find the equation of the normal to the curve
3
2 y = 16x cut each other orthogonally.
x2 y
+ = 2 at (3, 2).
9 4 41. Find the acute angle between the curves y = lx2 - 11
24. Find the number of tangents to the curve and y = lx2 - 31 at their points of intersection.
l- 2x2 - 4y + 8 = 0, which pass through the point 42. Find the angle of intersection of the curves
(1, 2).
2 2
y = [lsinxl + lcosxl], where [,] = G.I.F and x2 + y2 = 5.
25. Any tangent at a point P (x, y) to the ellipse� + � = 1
8
meets the co-ordinate axes in the points A anp B such Shortest Distance between two Curves
that the area of the triangle OAB is least, then find 43. Find the shortest distance between the line y = x - 2
the point P. and the curve y = x2 + 3x + 2
Length of Intercepts of the Tangents by the Axes 44. Find the shortest distance between the curves
26. If the tangent to the curve ...Jx + --Jy = -..fa, at any point y2 = 4x and x2 + y2 - 12x + 31 = 0.
on it cuts the axes OX, OY respectively, then prove
45. Find the shortest distance between the curves
that OP + OQ = a.
y 2 = x3 and 9x2 + 9y2 - 30y + 16 = 0.
27. Show that the x-intercept of the tangent at an arbitrary
46. Find a point on the curve x2 + 2/ = 6 whose distance
point of the curve _E._2 + !!.._ = 1 is proportional to the
x l from the line x + y = 7 is minimum.
cube of the abscissa of the point of tangency. 47. Find the least distance between any two points of the
curves y = 3x and log3 x.
Tangent to the Curve at the Origin
Common Tangent between two Curves
28. Find the tangent to the curve x3 + 3xy + y3 + x2y = 0
at the origin. 48. Find the common tangent to the curves
29. Find the tangent to the curve ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + ax y = x2 + x + 1 and y = x2 - 5x + 6.
+ by = 0 at the origin. 49. Find the equation of the common tangent to the curves
30. Find the tangent to the curve (x4 + y4 )2 = 2013 (x2 - /) y = 3x2 and y = 2x3 + 1,
at the origin. 50. Find the equation of the common tangent to the curves
31. Find the tangent to the curve x5 + y5 + 2010x2 y = 6 - x - x2 and xy = x + 3.
- 2011/ + 2012x - 2013 y = 0 at the origin. Tangent at a Point Intersect the Curve Again 2nd
Angle between two Curves, Point
32. Find the angle of intersection of the curves 51. If the tangent at P(l, 1) to the curve y2 = x(2 - x) 2
meets the curve again at Q, then find the co-ordinates
x2 = y and y 2 = x.
of Q.
33. Find the angle of intersection of the curves 52. If the tangent at P to the curve y 2 = x3 intersects the
y = 4 - x2 and y = x2. curve again at Q and the straight line OP, OQ makes

2
 Tangent & Normal

angles o:, f3 with the x-axis, where O igin, then

tan o:
find the value of ( + 2013).
tan /3
53. If the tangent at a variable point P on the rve
y = x2 - x3 meets it again at Q. Show that the locus the
middle point of PQ is y = l - 9x + 28x 2 - 28x 3 .
54. A curve is given by the equations x = sec2 0 and
1C
y = cot 0. If the tangent at P, where 0 = meets the
4
curve again at Q. Find the length of PQ.
Lengths of Tangent, Normal, Sub-tangent and Sub-normal
55. Find the lengths of the tangent, sub-tangent, normal
and sub-normal to the curve y2 = 4ax at the point
P(at2 , 2 at).
56. P rove that the length of the sub-tangent at any point
to the curve y = bexia is always constant.
57. Find the length of the tangent and normal to the
curves x = a ( 0 - sin 0), y = a (1 - cos 0) at the point,
1C
where 0 = .
2
58. Find the length of the sub-normal to the curve
y2 = x3 at (4, 8).
59. Find the length of the sub-tangent to the curve

y= f (ef + e-fl at any point (x, y).

3
 Tangent & Normal

Solutions:

3
Since the point (1, 1) lies on the curve,
so 1 =-a-
b-1
Thus, m= (!:t =
-%
Hence,· the equation of the tangent is
b)

a= b - 1
y - b= _!!_ - 0)
�
a (x
Also, =--- ay - ab= -bx
dy ab
dx (b - x)2
�
� bx+ ay=ab
Now, (- -2
dy
- +-=-
) bx ay ab
dx (1,1) - �
ab ab ab
=2
ab X+ y
(b - 1) 2
- -=
a b 1
7. when X= 0, y= 2
� a(a + 1) = 2a2
So, the point is (0, 2)
� a2 +a=2a2
8x
a2 =a Now, = 2
dy
�
a=0, 1
dx (x + 2)2
�
when a=0, b= 1
Thus, m=( =-¾=-2
Then a+b+ 10=0+ 1 +10= 11 !Lo

when a= 1, b = 2 Hence, the equation of the tangent is

Then a+b+10= 1 +2+ 10= 13. y - 2 = -2 (x - 0)

4. when X=0, y= 1 � y= 2 - 2x.

Thus, the point is (0, 1) 8. The given curve is x3 +y3= 3xy

Now, 3x2 +3y2 -= 6 ( x -+y · 1 )

dy dy
- 2 . e 2x
dy
dx - dx dx

Thus, m=( ) =2.1= 2 (y 2 - 2x) =(2y - x2)

dy dy
dx x=O dx
Hence, the equation of the tangent is 2y - x2
)
=(
dy
y - 1 = 2 (x - 0) dx l-2x

Thus, (dy)
y=2x+l 6-9
5. when
m 1
x= 1, y=0 dx (3,3) 9-6
Thus, the point is (1, 0) Hence, the equation of the normal is
-
_ _?. y - 3= 1 (x - 3)
Now, =- (x - 1) 3
dy. 1
dx 3 � x-y=0

Thus, m- (-) 9. when X= 0, y=14

dy
-oo

Hence, the point is (0, 14)

dx x=l
Hence, the equation of the tangent to the curve is
y - 0= (x - 1) Now, = 6x+2cosx - 4 sinx
dy
dx
00

(x - 1) =00=0
y
Thus, -( ) -2
dy
m-
X = 1
dx x=O -
6. The equation of the given curve is y=be-x!a Hence, the equation of the normal is
put x=0, then y= b y - 14= _.!_ (x - 0)
2
So, the point is (0, b ) � 2y - 28 =-x
dy _!!_
Now, = a X+2y=28.
e-xla
�
dx

4
 Tangent & Normal

10. The equation of the given curve is x +y = xY put Also, the point ( a, /3) lies on the curve
y= 0, then x =- 1. y2 - 2x3 - 4y+8 = 0
So, the point is (1, 0) So, 2
/3 - 2« - 4/3+8 = 0 ...(3)
Now, x+y=xY From (2) and (3), we get,
=> log(x+y) = y logx 2(a3 - 2) = 3«( a - 1)
l dy dy => a3 - 3«+4 = 0
=> _ _ (1 + ) = y ·.!.+logx·
(x+y) dx x dy => a=2
when a=2, /3= ±2'8
put X= 1, y= 0, ( 1 +��)= 0
Hence, the equation of the tangents are
=>
(t)=-1 (y - (2 ± 2'8))= ±2'8(x - 2)
13. The equation of the given curve is x2= 4y
=> Slope of normal= 1
dy
Hence, the equation of the normal is => 2x = 4-
dx
y - 0 = 1 (x - 1) dy X
=> =
=> y= x -1. dx 2
11. The equation of the given curve is Let the point on the given curve be ( a, /3)
y= lx Ix/I 2
- dy a
Now, m- - (d x )(a, /J) - 2
2
=> y=lx - (-x)I ( since at x=-2, I.xi = -x)
Therefore the equation of normal at ( a, /3) is
� y=l x2+xl
=> y
2
+x ( at x = -2,
= x x
2
+x > 0) y- f3 = -¾(x - a) ... (1)
when x=-2, y=2 which is passing thro ugh (1, 2).
So, the point is (-2, 2) So, 2 - /3 =
2
-a
(1 - a) ...(2)
dy
Now, -=2x+l Also, the point ( a, /3) lies on the curve
dx
dy a2 = 4/3 ...(3)
Thus, m = (- ) = -3
d x x�-2 Solving (2) and (3), we get, a=2, f3= 1
So, slope of the normal= 1/3 Hence, the equation of the normal is
.
Hence, the equation of the normal is 2
y - 1 =- (x - 2)
2
y - 2 = ½ (x+2) => y - 1 =-x + 2
=> 3y - 6= X+2 => X+y = 3.

=> 3y = X+8 14. The equation of the given curve is y= x - exy

y 2 - 2x3 4y+8 = 0 -
12. The •equation of the given curve is
=> �� = 1 - e y ( y · I +x .
x
dx)
dy 3x2 => (1 - xexy) 4Y = ( yexy - 1)
=> = dx
dx y - 2
Let the point ( a, /3) lies on the curve d y yexy - 1
=> =
d x 1 - xexy
dy 3a 2
Thus, = ( ) = dx
m d x (a,{3) f3 - 2 For a vertical tangent, =O
dy
Therefore, the equation of the tangent at
=> 1 - xexy= 0
3 => X= 1, y= 0
( a, /3) is y - f3 = ( a2 ) (x - a) ... (1)
/3 - 2 Therefore, the curve y=x - exy has a vertical tange �
which is passing thro ugh (1, 2) at (1, 0).

So,
3a 2
(2 - /3) = ( - (1 - a)
/3 - 2,
) ...(2)
15. The given curve is x+y - log(x+y)=2x+5

=>
dy
1+ - _
1_ dy
(1 + ) = 2
dx x+ y dx

5
 Tangent & Normal

dy X +--
y + -l x+xi Y+Yi
=- XX1 + YY1 + (- - ) + (- - ) = 0
dx x+y-l 2 2

Now,
dy
( ) =
p+q+l
x-l -y-l + ( - -1) +
X+ (y---1 ) = 0
dx (p,q) p + q - l 2 2
. => 2x - 2y + X + 1 + y - l =0
S mce, t.he tangent IS · 1, so dx
· vertlca -= O
dy => 3x - y = 0
=> p+q=l 21. Equation of the normal to the curve
The value of p + q + 10 = 11. 2 · X Y
X + y2 = 10 IS - =-
dx y X1 Y1
16. Since the curve has horizontal tangent, so = 0 X
dy =
3 1
6x2 + 6x - 12 = 0 X - 3y = 0
x2 + X - 2 = 0
22. The equation of the normal to the curve
=> (x + 2)(x - 1) = 0 x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 9 = 0 at (x 1 , y 1 ) is
=> X = l, -2
X - XI Y - Yt
When X = l, y =2 + 3 - 12 + l = - 6 =
x1 + 2 Y1 + 3
So, the point is (1, - 6)
. X+ 4 y+ 3
when x =- 2, y = 16 +12 - 26 + 1 =3 => =--
-4 + 2 - 3 + 3
So, the point is (- 2, 3)
=> y + 3 = 0.
Hence, the points are (1, - 6) and (-2, 3).
dy 23. Equation of the tangent to the curve is
17. Since the tangents are parallel to x-axis, so =0 XX1 YY1
dx + =2
9 4
=> 3x2 -2x - 1 = 0
3x 2y
=> (3x + 1) (x - 1) = 0 => -+-=2
9 4
=> X = l, - 1/3

when X = l, y = l - 1 - 1 + 3 =2
i+�=2
3 2
when X = - l/3, y = 70/27 2x + 3y = 6
Hence, the points are (1, 2) and (-1/3, 70/27) Thus, slope of the tangent is = - 2/3
x3 x 2 Therefore, the slope of the normal is = 3/2
18. The given curve is y = +

!
3 2 Equation of the normal to the curve at (3, 2) is
dy
=> =2x2 +x (y - 2) = (x - 3)
dx
Since the tangents make equal angles with the axes, => 2y - 4 = 3x - 9
dy => 3x - 2y= 5.
so -=±1
dx 24. Clearly, the point (1, 2) lies outside of the curve
2x2 + X =±l y2 - 2x2 - 4y + 8 = 0. (as 4 - 2 - 4 + 8 = 12 - 6
2x2 + x - l = 0, 2x2 + x + l = 0 = 6 > 0)
(2x - 1)(x + 1) = 0 Since the point lies outside of the given curve, so the
number of tangent will be 2.
=> X = l/2, -1

when X = 1/2, y = 5/24

25.
y
and when x = - l, y = l/6
Hence, the points are (1/2, 5/24) & (-1, 1/6)
19. The equation of the tangent to the curve
y2 = 4ax is yy1 = 2a(x + x 1 )
=> y · 2 at =2a(x + at2 )
=> yt =X + at2
20. The equation of the tangent to the curve
x2 + y2 + x + y = 0 is Y'

6
 Tangent & Normal

Let the point P be (2-12 cos0, 3--./2 sin0 ) 27. Let the point on the curve be P(a, /J)
Equation of the tangent at P is The equation of the given curve is a2 + b2 = 1
XX1 + YY1 X y
=1 _2a _ 2b_dy =
8 18 0
X · 2--./2 COS 0 Y · 3--./2 Sin 0 x3 y3 dx
+ =
8 18 l dy al
y
X
+ =1 dx bx3
2-12 sec 0 3-12 cosec 0
dy a/J3
Thus, the co-ordinates of A and B are Now, (dx) =-
p ba3
(2--./2 sec 0, 0) and (0, 3--./2 cosec 0)
Therefore, x-intercept
Now, . = _!. x OA x OB
ar(!':,.OAB) y
2 =x---
dy/dx
=½ x 2--./2 sec 0 x 3 --./2 cosec 0
=a----
/3 ba3
=a+-2
=----
12
(- :�) af3
2 sin 0cos 0
12
= =a+-x-
a3 b
sin 20 a /32
The area of the triangle is maximum, when sin 20 = 1
=a+1x(1-;)
==> 2 0=!!.
2
a3
=a+a-a
==> 0 = !!.
4
Hence, the point P is (2, 3). a
26. Let any point on the curve be M (x 1, Yi) x-intercept is proportional to a3.
The equation of the given curve is 28. The equation of the tangent to the origin is
...Jx + --5= ../ii xy = 0.
1. dy ==> x = 0 and y = 0
- 1 -·-=0
+
2...Jx 2..,fy dx 29. The equation of the tangent at the origin is
ax+ b y= 0.
dy --5
dx ...Jx 30. The equation of the tangent to the curve at the origin ·

=>
dy
(dx)M
-Fi
= - .../Xi ==>
x2 -l=O
x + y= 0 and x -y=0.
. Yi 31. The equation of the tangent to the curve at the
Now, x-mtercept = OP = x 1 - -
-
dyldX origin is 2012 x -2013 y=0.

-Fi) 32. The given curves are x 2 = y and y 2 = x

Yi
= Xi - - = X1 + --.JXiY1
(- We have, x = x4
Fi ==> X (1 - x )
3
=0
. dy
==> = 0, 1
y-mtercept=Yi - x1

-Fi)
X
dx
when x= 0, y =0 and when x = 1, y = 1
= Y1 - X1 (-
Fi
= Y1 + --.JX1Y1 So, the point of intersections are (0, 0), (1, 1)
Thus, OP+ OQ At the point of intersection (0, 0)
Now, y = x2
= X1 + --.JXtY! + Y1 + --.JX1Y1
dy
=X1 ==> =1
-Fil
+ Y1 + 2--JX1Y1
dx
= (Fi + dy
m1 -(-) -1
= (..Jii)2 = a - dx (0,0) -

7
 Tangent & Normal

Also, y2 = X 4
Similarly, we can find, <p = tan- 1 ( ;2)
2y - = 1
dy
dx 34. The given curves are y2 = 4x and y = e-x12
1 Let the point of intersection be (x 1 , y 1)
-=-
dy
dx 2y Now, y2 =4x

2
m2 = (!L.o) = ! = 00
dy
dx Y
Let 0 be the angle between them

Then, I
tan 0 = ----
m
1 -
m2
= ooI m, = (!t,y,) =�
1 + m 1 m2
Also, y =e-x/2
0= -
2 1
- = e-x/2
dy
Now, consider the point of intersection (1, 1) 2
X --
dx
1 1 -x, 1
-
m 1 = (d y) and m2- (d
-y) - - dy
- dx (1,1) - 2
= (-) = --
2 - 2 y1
m2 x e 2 = -
dx (1,1) dx (x,, y,)
Let </J be the angle between them Let 0 be the angle between them
1
1-- Then tan 0 = I 1m+2 -mm1m I
2 =1
Then
1
1 + 1-__:,
1 2

2 Y1 2
-2 -y;-
tan0 = =
=> <p=tan-1 (½)- (-y, X 2)
00

2 Y1
l +

33. The given curves are y = 4- x2 and y = x2

On solving, we get, x2 = 4 - x2 0=-
'TC

2
X =±-fl 35. The given curves are y = sin x and y = cos x.
On solving, we get, the point of intersection is
when X = ±-fl, y = 2
So, the points of intersections are
(-fi, 2) & (--fi, 2)
Now, y = sin x
Now, y =4- x
2

dy = cosx
-=-2x
dy dx
dx

m1 = (dy) =-2-fi
Also, y = COS
dx (-.ti, 2)
X
Also, y= x
2

- = -smx
dy

-=
y 2x
dx
d
1
mz = ( ) �,
dx dy
'd dx ( J..) = -
-fi
mo = 1- y) = 2-fi 4 -.ti
- \dx (-.ti, 2) Let 0 be the angle between them
Let 0 be the angle between them
Then, Then
m2 - m1 2 4-
tan0= = 12-fi + -fi 1 = ( fi) --1 --
I1 + m 1 m 2 I 1- 8 . 7 1
tan0 = -fi -f i = 2-fi
4
=> 0 = tan-1 ( ;2) 1 _ ..!_
2

8
 Tangent & Normal

0= tan-I (2-v2) dy 2
=
36. The given curves are 2/= x3 and y2 = 32x
dx Y

On solving we get, the point of intersections are

0 (0, 0), P (8, 16) and Q (8, -16).
m1 = (�:L. 2) =½=1
From the diagram, it is clear that, the angle of inter­ Also, x2 +/-6x+ I =0

section at (0, 0) is �- 2x+2y · -- 6 = 0

dy
dx
Now, 2/= x3 dy
x+ y--3=0
y dx
dy 3- X
=
dx Y
3- 1
m2= ( ) (1,2) =- -=1
dy
dx 2
Let 0 be the angle between them
m2 - m1 1- I
Then tan0 = ---- =1- -- =0
1 +m 1 · m2
I 1 +1.1 I
I
0=0
From the diagram, it is clear that, the angle of inter­
Hence, the curves touch each other.
section at (0, 0) is �- 38. The given curves are y= 6- x+x2
and
Now, 2/ = x3
y(x-1)=x+2.
Now, y=6- x+x 2
dy 3x 2
=> = -=-1 +2x
dy
dx 4y
dx
m _
dy _ 3 64 _
=> 3
I - ( dx p - 4 m1 = ( ) =-1 + 4 = 3
dy
16 -
X
)
X
dx (2,4)
Also, y2= 32x Also, y = (x- 1) (x+2)
dy 32 16
= =y -=x+2+x- 1=2x+l
dy
dx 2y dx
16
=> m2= ( ) = =1 m2 - (- )
dy
-3
dy
dx P 16 - dx (2,4) -

Lc:t 0 be the angle between them Let 0 be the angle between them

Then, tane= Then,

m2 m1
I 1 +m1 m2 I
-

-3 1
tan 0= l = tan=0=1�:!1=0
1 1+1.3 I 2

0= tan- 1 (½) => e=o

Hence, the curves touch each other
Thus, the angle of intersection at P and Q is tan- 1 ( ½ ). 39. The given curves are x= y2 and x y=k

37. The given curves are y2=4x and On solving we get, y=k 113 , x=k213

x2 +y2- 6x + 1 =0 So, the point of intersection is P (k213 , k 113)

Now, y2=X
Now, y2 = 4x
2y - = 1
dy
2y-=4
dy
dx
dx

9
 Tangent & Normal

dy 1 32x1
-=- q --- =l
dx 2y 3a2 -16x 1
dy I 2
m1 = (dx)P = k /3 q a2 =-
2 l
dy k q a= +·II
-
Also, xy = k q dx =
fj
x2

(tL
41. The given curves are y = lx2 - 11 and
q mz = = =- y = lx2
31
k;13 k�/3
-

since the given curves cut at right angles, so On solving, we get, x2 - 1 =- x2 + 3

q 2x2 =4

_1_ X __1_ = -1 q x2 =2
2k1l3 k!/3
y
q _1_ = 1
3
2k2/
q _1_ = 1
8k2
q 8k2 = 1
2
x2 + y
4 0. The given curves are =1 and y3 =16x
a2 4 Y'
Let the point of intersection be (x 1 , y1)
2 q X =±--./2
x2 +y
Now, - -=1 when x =±--./2, then y =2 - 1 =1
a2 4
2ydy so, the point of intersection is (±--./2, 1)
q -+--
2x
=0
a 2 4 dx Now, consider the point of intersection is P(--./2, 1)
y dy
X +-·-
- =0 Now, y = lx2 - 11
a 2 2 dx
q y=x2 -1
dy 2x
q dy
q -=2x
dx
dy dy
q mI = ( ) = -� q m 1 = ( ) =2--./2
dx P a2 y1
dx P

Also, y3 =16x Also, y = lx2 - 31

y =-x + 3
3y•2 d
2
q
q _l', =16
dx dy
- =-2x
dy 16 q
q -=- dx
dx 3y2 dy

(tL
q m2 = ( ) = - 2--./2
dx P
q m2 = =
3:�2 Let 0 be the angle between them
Since two curves are orthogonal, so
m1 xm2 =-1 Then
m2 - m
tan0- ---l- - I -
1 + m1 m2 - 1 + 2--./2-(
I I -
2--./2 2--./2
-2--./2) I
2x1 16
--- x -- = -1 4-fi,
a Y1 3 Y12
2
q tan0= - -
7
32 x1
-- =1 4--./2
q 0=tan-1(-)
3a 2 3y1 7

10
 Tangent & Normal

42. We have, y = [lsinxl+ lcosxl] 44.

y = 1, since l � lsinxl+ lcosxl � -"2
y

when y= 1, x=±2
So, the point of intersection are (2, 1) and (-2, 1)
dy
Now, y= l -=0
dx
dy
� m1 = ( =0 Y'
dx)P

Also, x2+/=5 The given curves are y2 =4x and

dy x2 + y2 - l2x + 31 =0.
� 2x+2y-=0
dx In this case, tangent at P on the parabola is parallel
�
dy
-=--X to the tangent at Q on the circle.
So their slopes are same.
dx y
dy
m2 = ( =-2 Thus,
� 4 6-X
dx)P 2y y
Let 0 be the angle between them x�4
m 2 - m1 -2 - 0 when x= 4 , then y =-4
Then tan0= ---- = 1 --- I - 2
I
1 + m 1 -m2 I
1 +0
So, the point on the parabola is (4 , -4 )
Now shortest distance = PQ
= CP- CQ
43.
y =215 - 15

=15
4 5. The given curves are y2 =x3 and
9x2 + 9/ - 30y + 16 = 0.
In this case, tangent at P on the curve y2 =x3
So their slopes are same.
Y'
=---
3x2
Now,
3x
2y 3y - 5
The given curves are y=x2+3x+2 and
5x
y = x-2 y=
3x+2
dy dy
- =2x+ 3 and -= 1 Put the value of y in y2 =x3, we get,
dX dx
--25x2-= 3
x
Since the tangents are parallel, so their slopes are (3x + 2) 2
same.
9x3+ l2x2+ 4x - 25 =0
Therefore, 2x+3 =1
X = l.
X= l
when x= l, then y= l
�

when x= l, then y is 6.
So, the point is (1, 1)
Thus, the point lies on the curve is (1, 6)
Now, the equation of the normal to the curve
Hence, the length of the shortest distance
y2 x3 at (1, 1) is y - 1 -¾(x - 1
1 - 6+2 3 = =
=1 1=
� -{I, � 2x + 3y= 9

11
 Tangent & Normal

On solving, we get, the point on the ellipse is 1

when x = - log3 (log3), then y = -­
Iog3
(_3_ 5m - 6) 1
m' 3m Thus, the point(-log3(log3), - -) lies on the curve
log3
Hence, the required shortest distance Y =3 _
x

Since the curve y= log3 x is the image of the curve

-3 _ 1 2 5fil - 6 2
= ( ) + ( ) y = 3x with respect to the line y = x, so the point on
fil 3fil the curve y= log3x is
1 ( � -log3 (log3))
= � (llO - 30'13). 10 3'
13

r r
46. Henc�, the shortest distance
y
= C � + log3 (log3) + (log3 (log3) + �
o 3 lo 3

='12(--1 + log (log3))

log3 3

= '12(
1 + log(log3)
log3 )

Y' 1 1 2
= (- -+ log3 (1og3)) + (1og3 (1og3) + - -)
2

log3 log3
The given curve is x2 + 2y2 = 6
x2 y2
-+ - = 1
= '12(--1 + log (log3))
log3 3
6 3
since the tangent at P to the ellipse is parallel to the
= '12(1 + log(log3))
given line, so their slopes are same. log3
Now, -� = -1 48. The given curves are y= x2 + x + 1 and
2y
y= x2 - 5x + 6
On solving, we get, 6y2 = 6
Let the common tangent be y = ax+ b.
=> y2 = 1
On solving with both the given curves, we have,
=> y=±l ax + b = x2 + x+ 1 and ax+ b = x2 - 5x + 6
So, the point can be either (2, 1) or (-2, -1). x2 + (1 - a)x + (1 - b) = 0
47.
y and x2 + (5 + a)x + (6 - b) = 0
Since they have a common tangent, so the given
equations have equal roots.
Thus, D =0
=> (1 - a)2 - 4(1 - b) = 0
and (5 + a) - 4(6 - b) = 0
2

=> a2 - 2a + 4b - 3 = 0
Y'
and a + 10a + 4b + 1 = 0
2
The given curves are y = 3x and y = Iofo x.
Clearly, y = log3 x is the image of the curve => a= - /1 3 and b = S/ 9.
y = 3x with respect to the line y = x. Hence, the equation of the common tangent is
Therefore, 3x · log3 = 1 3x + 9y = 5.
=> 3 = _1_ = (log3)-1
x
49. The given curves are y = 3x2 and y = 2x3 + 1
log3
dy dy
=> x= log3 (log3)- 1 = -log3 (log3) - = · 6x and - = 6x2
dx dx

12
 Tangent & Normal

Since the given curves have common tangent, so their when y= 3/8, x= 3- 2y = 3- 3 =9
4 4
¾, ¾)-
slopes are same.
Thus, 6x=6x2 . Henc�, the point is (
=} x = 0 and l.
when x=0, y = 0 and when x= 1, y= 3. 52. 2015.
So, the points are (0, 0) and (1, 3). 53.
Hence, the equations of the common tangents are 54. Given x=sec20 and y = cot 0
y = 0 and y- 1 =6 (x- 1)=6x- 6 dx dy
= 2sec2 0tan 0 and =-cosec2 0
dO dO
y=0 and y=6x-5.

i
=}
dy cosec2 0
50. The given curves are y=6 - x - x2 and y = 1 + Thus,
dx
= =_!cot3 0
2
2 sec20 tan0

(!)e=i=-½
dy dy 3
=} -= - 1 - 2x and -=--2
dx dx x Now,
Since the given curves have their common tangent,
3 So, the point P is (2, 1)
so --2 =-1-2x
x Equation of the tangent at P is
2x +x -3=0
3 2
y- 1 = _ !2(x - 2)
.X = 1
2y - 2 = -(X - 2) = - X+ 2
when x= 1, y=6- 1 - 1 =4
So, the point is (1, 4) x+2y=4
Hence, the equation of the common tangent is Eliminating '0' between x = sec20 & y = cot 0
y- 4 = - 3(x- 1)
1
=} y � 4 = - 3x + 3 we get, x--=
2
1 ...(i
y
=} 3x + y = 7.
On solving (i) and (ii), we get,
51. The given curve is y2 = x(2 - x)2
1
dy =} 4- 2y - -2 = 1
2y =(2- x) 2 - 2 x(2 - x) y
dx
2 2 3
4y-y-l=y 2
dy =}
2y- = 4- 4x +x2- 4x +2x2
dx =} 3y 2 - 2y3 - 1 =0
dy 3x2 - 8 x + 4
= =} 2y3 - 3y2+ 1 = 0
dx 2y
=} 2y 3 - 2y2- y2+y- y+ l = 0
dy 3- 8+4 1
=> ( ) = =-
dx (I, I) 2 2 =} 2y2(y - 1)-y(y - 1)-(y - 1)=0
Hence, the equation of the tangent is =} (y - 1) (2y 2 - y - 1) = 0
y- l = -½(x- 1) =} (y - 1)=0, (2y 2 - y- 1)=0
=} 2y- 2=-x+ 1 =} (y - 1)=0, (2/- 2y+y- 1) = 0
=} X + 2y = 3
=} (y - 1)=0, (2y(y- 1)+(y- 1))=O
On solving, the given curve and the tangent, we get,
y2 = (3-2y)(2-3+ 2y)2 =} (y- 1) = 0, (y - 1)(2y + 1) = 0

y2 = (3 - 2y)(2y - 1) 2 1
=} y = 1,
=} 8y 3 - 19y 2 + 14y - 3=0
=}
-2
1
=} (y- 1)(8y - lly 2
+ 3) = 0 =} y = --
2
=}

=}
(y- 1)2(8y - 3)=0
y = 1, 3/8
when y= -½, then x = 4 - 2y = 4+2-½ =

13
 Tangent & Normal

=a
Thus, the point Q is ( 5, -½) =constant.
Now, the length of PQ 57. The given curves are x=a ( 0-sin 0),

=�(2 _ 5) 2 + (1 + y=a (1-cos 0)

½r
dx dy
=> - =a(l -cos0) and - =asin0
=�9 + ¾ d0 d0
dy a sin 0
= => =
ft dx a(l - cos 0)
3,Js
= 2sin(�)cosrn)
2 dy
=
55 . The given curve is/-=4ax dx
2sin 2(�)
dy 4a 2a
=> =-= y dy
dx 2y =cot(�)
dx 2
dy 2a 1
Now, ( dx)p=2a t=t

c-
(!)e=�=cos(i)=1
=>
(i) The length of the tangent
when 0=n, y=a 1
dy --fl )
-
4
=y 1 + (dxr
The length of the tangent
=2at�
=y�l +
(��r
(ii) The length of the sub-tangent
dx =a(1-�)x--!2
=y·-
dy
=2at x t=2at2 =a(Yl-1)
(iii) The length of the normal The length of the normal
dy dy
=y 1 + -
(dxr =y 1 + -
(dxr

=2at �1 + _!_2 =a(1-�)xv2

t
X

=2a� =a(Yl-1)
(iv) The length of the sub-normal .
58. The given . y2 =x3
curve 1s
dy dy 3x 2
=y·- => =-
dx dx 2y
=2at t dy _ 3.16 _
=> ( dx) (4,8) - 2.8 - 3
X

=2a.
56. The given curve .1s y=be
. xla
Hence, the length of the sub-normal
dy b
=> -=-e / dy
dx a =y·-=8 .3 =24
x a

dx
Let the point be (x, y)
59. The given curve is y=% (ez + e-fl
Now, the length of the sub-tangent
dx dy
. =y·- => =£( l ez-l e-z)
dy dx 2 C C

_a_ dy 1 ( � -�)
=be X => -=- ec-e C
he / dx 2
xla

x a

14