The Oxford referencing style

The Oxford Referencing style is a note citation system.It is also sometimes referred to as a
documentary-note style. It has two components:

1. Footnote Citation
2. Reference List
Please remember that there are many variations on the Oxford style of referencing. The examples
presented in this guide are recommendations only. Always check your unit outline to determine any
preferences. No matter which variations on this style you use, the most important thing is to be
consistent throughout your assignment.

Footnote citation
 A superscript number is inserted in your text at the point where you refer to (cite) your
source of information. This superscript numberthen appears at the bottom of the page
where the footnote is recorded.
 State the author's given name or initial before the surname (e.g. John Smith).
 Cite a single page reference, for example p. 3, or more than one page, for example pp. 3-6.
 Surname/short title: If you refer to the same work again in the footnotes, use only the
author's surname and the page number(s) for subsequent references. If the references are not
successive use the author's surname then a short title and page number(s) for subsequent
references. Omit the place of publication, publisher, and date of publication. Similarly if you
refer to more than one work by the same author you can use the surname and short title in
subsequent references to distinguish between the works. See examples provided on
the Example text page..
 Both direct and indirect quotations (paraphrasing) must be acknowledged. Footnotes are also
used to acknowledge the source of information, ideas or interpretations, even if they are
described rather than paraphrased. Failure to properly acknowledge sources may constitute
plagiarism.
 Direct quotations should be enclosed with single quotation marks; if the quotation is more
than around 35 words, separate the quote from the main text and indent it, without quotation
marks. This indentation should be single spaced, regardless of the spacing of the rest of the
text.

Footnote example

Glanville-Hicks was by no means the first to make this connection. The British Scholar Winnington
similar conclusion more than 20 years earlier, observing that 'in all probability [ancient] Greek mu
that of the contemporary Orient ...'.
__________________________________________________________
1R.P. Winnington-Ingram, Mode in Ancient Greek Music, London, Cambridge University Press, 1936,

Reference list
 The full details for each citation or reference is then listed at the end of your essay or
assignment.
 References are listed in alphabetical order by author's surname. If you have cited more than
one work by the same author, you should arrange them by date, the earliest first and
alphabetically within a single year.Repeat the author's name for each citation

Johnson, A., Epidemology 1900-1945, London, Penguin Press, 2003

Johnson, A., Diseases and cures in the Midwest, London,Penguin Press, 2005

 Use only the initials of the authors' given names. Use full stops and no spaces between the
initials.
 When citing a journal article, include the full page numbers for the article, e.g. pp. 165-217.
 The format of the reference (i.e. how it is displayed) depends on the type of reference you are
citing; below is an example of a journal article reference.
 In footnotes, the author’s given name or initial precedes the surname i.e. P. Grimshaw, while in
the reference list the surname comes first i.e. Grimshaw, P.
 Reference list entries for books do not contain page numbers.
 See Reference Formats tab for a full list of reference examples

Reference list example [Journal Article]

Mintz, S., 'Food Enigmas, Colonial and Postcolonial', Gastronomica, vol. 10, no. 1, 2010, p. 149.
1. Authors, author initials [See the Reference Formats tab for examples where there are more
than one author.]
2. Article title
3. Journal Title
4. Volume
5. Issue Number
6. Year of Publication
7. Page Numbers

8. n-Text & Reference List Examples

Books & eBooks

Material
Type Footnote Example
Book: Single 1 S.
Ratnagar, Trading Encounters: From the Euphrates to the Indus in the Bronze
Author Age, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 23.
Book: 2 or 3 1 A.
Blackledge and A. Creese, Multilingualism: a Critical Perspective, London, Co
Authors 2010, p. 10.
Book: 4 1 A. Kring, et al., Abnormal Psychology, 11th edn., Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Son

or more Authors p. 40.

1 The
Cambridge Companion to Postmodernism, Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge Un
Book: No Author Press, 2004, p. 70.
1 J.M. Foley (ed.), A Companion To Ancient Epic, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009,
Book: Editor 30.
Book: Translator
& Author 1 Y. Aralawa, Zen Painting, trans. J. Bester, Tokyo, Kodansha International, 1970
Book:
Organisation as 1 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Queensland Office, The Economic Status of Mig
Author Australia, Canberra, Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1990, p. 320.

Book: Chapter or 1 J. Baker, 'The Place of Science and Technology in the Wise Management of the
Article in Edited Barrier Reef', in E. Wolanski (ed.), Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Phys
Book Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef, Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2001, pp. 14-2
Book, edition 1 M.J.
Sargent, P. Nilan, and G. Winter, The New Sociology for Australians,4th edn
other than first. Melbourne, Longman Australia, 1997, p. 140.
1 V.Koller, Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse: A Critical Cognitiv
Study, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 75-80, Available from: E-Book
E-book (accessed 23 September 2010).
E-book: Chapter 1 D.Andrew, 'Time Zones and Jetlag: the Flows and Phases of World Cinema', in
or Article in an Newman (ed.), World Cinemas, Transnational Perspectives, New York, Routledg
Edited E-book pp. 59-90, Available from: E-Book Library, (accessed 6 May 2015).

Journal Articles
Material
Type Footnote Example
Journal Article:
single author 1 S.Mintz, 'Food Enigmas, Colonial and Postcolonial', Gastronomica, vol. 10, no.1
(print) p. 149.
Journal Article: 2 1 P. Addo and N. Besnier, 'When Gifts Become Commodities: Pawnshops, Valuab
or 3 Shame in Tonga and the Tongan Diaspora', Journal of the Royal Anthropologica
authors (print) Institute, vol. 14, no. 1, 2008, p. 39.
Journal Article:
4 or
more authors 1 M.Spencer et al., 'Analyzing the Order of Items in Manuscripts of "the Canterb
(print) Tales"', Computers and the Humanities, vol. 37, no. 1, 2003, pp. 97-109.
Journal Article:
Electronic 1 K.
Toffoletti, 'How is Gender-based Violence Covered in the Sporting News? A
Database Account of the Australian Football League Sex Scandal', Women's Studies Intern
 Forum, vol. 30, no. 5, 2007, p. 427. Available from ProQuest, (accessed 23 Febru
2010).
Journal Article: 1 K.R.
Moore, 'Was Pythagoras Ever Really in Sparta?', Rosetta, no. 6 Spring,
Website 2009, http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk, (accessed 10 September 2010).

Newspapers
Material
Type Footnote Example
Newspaper
article: print 1 R. Boyd, 'The City of Sordid Splendour', Australian, 26 August 1964, p. 10.
Newspaper
article:
Electronic 1 K.
Brooks, 'No Surprise in Big Bro Demise,' Courier-Mail, 16 July 2008, Availab
Database Factiva, (accessed 3 March 2008).
1 S.
Bredow, 'Powder to the People', Sydney Morning Herald, 7 June
Newspaper 2008, http://www.smh.com.au/news/ski/powder-to-the-
article: Website people/2008/06/04/1212258872379.html, (accessed 3 March 2008).

Primary Sources
Material
Type Footnote Example

1 'George Dewell, Theft, Simple Larceny', Proceedings of the Old Bailey Online, 1
February 1832, Ref No: t18320216-60,http://www.oldbaileyonline.org/index.
(accessed 20 February 2010).
Historical 1 Lord Cathcart, Diary: Transcript, 1709-28. 16 vols. [A25-A40] National Librar

Sources Scotland.

Thesis
Material
Type Footnote Example
1 C.
Maslem, 'Melancholic Identification and Nostalgic Fantasy in the Novels of J
Thesis Rhys', PhD Thesis, University of Western Australia, 2005, p. 55.

Internet/Websites
Material
Type Footnote Example
 1 B.Dibble and B. Milech, Elizabeth Jolley Research
Collection,[website], 2008, http://john.curtin.edu.au/jolley/index.html, (acces
Website August 2010).
1 E.
Woodbury, 'Manga Circulation in Japan', Ooburoshiki, [web blog], 1 Februar
2010, http://eugenewoodbury.blogspot.com/2010/02/manga-circulation-in-
Blog japan.html, (accessed 19 January 2010).
1 R.
Leighton, Surf Sirens, Manly Beach, New South Wales, 1938-46 [online
Digital Image photograph], http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-an14035743-4, (accessed 12 June 2010

Multimedia/Audio-Visual
Material
Type Footnote Example
Film or
broadcast 1 The Red Badge of Courage, dir. John Huston, USA, MGM, 1951, [videocassette].

1 An
Occasionally Accurate History of Australia: Part I, [online video],
Web Video 2006,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJjNsCVHc34, (accessed 6 October 20

1 'Fungiand Mould', The Health Report, [podcast], ABC

RadioNational,1999, http://www.abc.net.au/m/healthreport/stories/1999/48
(accessed 10 March 2003).

Podcast

Oral Histories
Material
Type Footnote Example

1 JohnEdgar Maloney, interviewed by John Ferrell, 2004, John Curtin Prime Min
Interview Library, Perth, JCMPL00897/3.

Conference Proceedings
Material
Type Footnote Example
Conference 1 G.
Kozicz, 'Architecture of the Empty Shells of Nyar ma', Discoveries in Western
Proceeding and the Western Himalayas: Essays on History, Literature, Archaeology and Art:
 2003, Tibetan Studies, Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the International Ass
for Tibetan Studies. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 41-42.

Citing Information Someone Else has Cited

Material
Type Footnote Example
Citing
information
someone else
has cited [citing
"secondary" 10A. Smith, Italian architecture, Penguin, Melbourne, 2000, cited in D.
sources] Brown, Renaissance Italy, London, Faber and Faber, 2002, p. 45.

Cases and Legislation

Material Type Footnote Example Referenc

Legislation Trustees Act 1962 (WA) s90 Trustees

Cases 7 DPP (WA) v Silbert, 2000, 112, A Crim R, 88 7 DPP (W
Bills Corporations Amendment Bill No 1 2005 (Cth) Corpora

Oxford referencing style: Books/Ebooks

A guide to using the Oxford note citation referencing style for footnotes and
reference lists.
 Introduction
 Reference FormatsToggle Dropdown
 All Examples
 Example Text
 EndNote
 Help & Feedback
Books & eBooks

Books & eBooks

Material Type Footnote Example
1 S. Ratnagar,
Trading Encounters: From the Euphrates to the Indus in
Book: Single Author the Bronze Age, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 23.
1 A. Blackledge and A. Creese,
Multilingualism: a Critical
Book: 2 or 3 Authors Perspective, London, Continuum, 2010, p. 10.
Book: More Than 3 1 A. Kring, G.C. Davison, J.M. Neale,
and S. Johnson, Abnormal
Authors Psychology, 11th edn., Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, 2010, p. 40.
 1 The Cambridge
Companion to Postmodernism, Cambridge, U.K.,
Book: No Author Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 70.
1 J.M. Foley (ed.),
A Companion To Ancient Epic, Oxford, Wiley-
Book: Editor Blackwell, 2009, pp. 25-30.
1 Y. Aralawa, Zen Painting, trans. J. Bester, Tokyo, Kodansha
Book: Translator & Author International, 1970, p. 75.
1 Australian Bureau of Statistics, Queensland Office,The Economic
Book: Organisation as Status of Migrants in Australia, Canberra, Australian Govt. Pub.
Author Service, 1990, p. 320.
1 J.
Baker, 'The Place of Science and Technology in the Wise
Management of the Great Barrier Reef', in Wolanski, E.
(ed.), Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs: Physical and Biologica
Book: Chapter or Article in Links in the Great Barrier Reef,Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2001, pp. 14-
Edited Book 20.
Book, edition other than 1 M.J. Sargent, P.
Nilan, and G. Winter, The New Sociology for
first. Australians,4th edn., Melbourne, Longman Australia, 1997, p. 140.
1 V. Koller,
Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse: A
Critical Cognitive Study, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 75
E-book 80, Available from: E-Book Library, (accessed 23 September 2010).
1 V. Koller, 'Business Media onMarketing: Metaphors of War, Sports
and Games', in Metaphor and Gender in Business Media Discourse: A
E-book: Chapter or Article Critical Cognitive Study, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 64
in an Edited E-book 113. Available from: E-Book Library, (accessed 23 September 2010)
Journal Articles
Journal Articles
Material Type Footnote Example
Journal Article: 1 S. Mintz, 'Food Enigmas, Colonial and Postcolonial', Gastronomica, vol. 10
single author (print) p. 149.
1 P.Addo and N. Besnier, 'When Gifts Become Commodities: Pawnshops, V
Journal Article: 2 or Shame in Tonga and the Tongan Diaspora', Journal of the Royal Anthropolo
3 authors (print) Institute, vol. 14, no. 1, 2008, p. 39.
Journal Article: 3 or
more authors 1 M. Spencer et al., 'Analyzing the Order of
Items in Manuscripts of "the Can
(print) Tales"',Computers and the Humanities, vol. 37, no. 1, 2003, pp. 97-109.
1 K.
Toffoletti, 'How is Gender-based Violence Covered in the Sporting New
Account of the Australian Football League Sex Scandal', Women's Studies In
Journal Article: Forum, vol. 30, no. 5, 2007, p. 427. Available from ProQuest, (accessed 23 F
Electronic Database 2010).
Journal Article: 1 K.R. Moore, 'Was Pythagoras Ever Really in Sparta?',
Rosetta, no. 6 Spring
Website 2009,http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk, (accessed 10 September 2010).
Newspapers
Newspapers
Material
Type Footnote Example Reference List Ex
Newspaper 1 R. Boyd, 'The City of Sordid Boyd, R., 'The City of Sordid
article: print Splendour', Australian, 26 August 1964, p. 10. August 1964, p. 10.
Newspaper
article: 1 K.
Brooks, 'No Surprise in Big Bro Demise,' Courier- Brooks, K., 'No Surprise in
Electronic Mail, 16 July 2008, Available from Factiva, (accessed 3 Mail, 16 July 2008, Availab
Database March 2008). March 2008).
1 S. Bredow, 'Powder to the People', Sydney Morning
Bredow, S., 'Powder to the
Herald, 7 June Herald, 7 June
Newspaper 2008, http://www.smh.com.au/news/ski/powder-to- 2008, http://www.smh.com
article: the-people/2008/06/04/1212258872379.html, the-people/2008/06/04/1
Website (accessed 3 March 2008). (accessed 3 March 2008).