Housing - Midterm Exam Reviewer
Decentralized Shelter Program
Provides decent housing to low income families
Program of the National Shelter Program
Providing loans to local government units
National Shelter Program
Emphasizes on decentralized shelter delivery for low income
families.
Development of Poor Urban Communities Project
(DPUCSP)
Urban Development Program
IMPACT aims to develop the capabilities of the LGUs and the
urban poor communities to work together for shelter
projects that can access investment financing through
DPUCSP
ₓ Affordable Cost refers to the most reasonable price of land
and shelter based on the needs and financial capability
of Program beneficiaries and appropriate financing
schemes.
ₓ Areas for Priority Development refers to those areas
declared as such under existing statutes and pertinent
executive issuances.
ₓ Blighted Areas refers to the areas where the structures are
dilapidated, obsolete and unsanitary, tending to
depreciate the value of the land and prevent normal
development and use of the area.
ₓ Idle Lands refers to non-agricultural lands in urban and
urbanizable areas on which no improvements
ₓ Land Use Plan refers to the rational approach of allocating
available land resources as equitably as possible among
competing user groups
ₓ On-Site Development refers to the process of upgrading
and rehabilitation of blighted and slum urban areas with
a view of minimizing displacement of dwellers in said
areas, and with provisions for basic services
ₓ Resettlement Areas refers to areas identified by the
appropriate national agency or by the local government
unit with respect to areas within its jurisdiction
ₓ Security of Tenure refers to the degree of protection
afforded to qualified Program beneficiaries against
infringement or unjust, reasonable and arbitrary
eviction or disposition,
ₓ Small Property Owner refers to those whose only real
property consists of residential lands not exceeding
three hundred square meters (300 sqm.) in highly
urbanized cities and eight hundred square meters (800
sqm.) in other urban areas.
ₓ Socialized Housing refers to housing programs and
projects covering houses and lots or home lots only
undertaken by the Government or the private sector for
the underprivileged and homeless citizens
ₓ Urban Areas refers to all cities regardless of their
population density and to municipalities with a
population density of at least five hundred (500)
persons per square kilometer
ₓ Zonal Improvement Program or ZIP refers to the program
of the National Housing Authority of upgrading and
improving blighted squatter areas
Republic Act No. 7279. An act to provide for a
comprehensive and continuing Urban Development and
Housing Program, Establish the mechanism for its
implementation, and for other purposes. This Act shall be
known as the “Urban Development and Housing Act of
1992”.
Habitat for Humanity Habitat Transforms Lives Habitat for
Humanity Philippines is a non-profit, Christian Housing
Ministry that works both to eliminate poverty housing and to
make adequate housing a matter of conscience and action.
Community Build
BASECO Project, which was initiated by the local government
of Manila.
Dreamland Heights Project, which was initiated by the
Muntinlupa Development Foundation, a non-government
organization composed of concerned citizens of Muntinlupa,
to resettle Muntinlupa residents who lived in informal-settler
Innovations in House Construction
ₓ Concrete Interlocking Blocks (CIB)-more volunteer
friendly than CHB. Use less cement
ₓ Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB)-cost roughly the same
as CIB, they look prettier
ₓ Steel Frames these are light-alloy steel frames that are
pre-cut by computer guided equipment
ₓ Medium-Rise Buildings (MRB)- project in Taguig is a
showcase of appropriate building technologies
DISASTER RESISTANT BUILDINGS
Wind Protection -wind loads are considered horizontal
forces, wind pressure, for design purposes, should be
assumed to be applied to the gross area of the vertical
projection
Protection Against Fire There are two distinct aspects of fire
protection: life safety and property protection.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Classes of Fires
1. Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles and are readily
extinguishable by water or cooling, or by coating with a
suitable chemical powder.
2. Class B fires involve flammable liquids
3. Class C fires are those in live electrical equipment
4. Class D fires involve metals that burn such as magnesium,
sodium and powdered aluminum.
Automatic Sprinklers most widely used apparatus for fire
protection
Standpipes Hoses supplied with water from standpipes are
the usual means of manual application of water to interior
building fires
Chemical Extinguishment
Foamed chemicals, mostly masses of air-filled or gas-filled
bubbles, formed by chemical or mechanical means, may be
used to control fires in flammable liquids
Chemical Foam was the first foam developed for fire fighting
High-expansion foam use in coal mines, where its extremely
high expansion rate allowed it to be generated quickly in
sufficient volume to fill mine galleries and reach inaccessible
fires.
Carbon dioxide an extinguishing agent-surface fires, such as
those involving flammable liquids in confined spaces. It is
non-conductive and is effective on live electrical equipment.
Halon 1301 halogenated hydrocarbons,
bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF2), used with varying degrees
of effectiveness as a fire extinguishing agent and was
included in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer signed in September 16, 1987. It is
currently limited to “critical uses” and is planned to be
phased out by 2002.
Dry chemical extinguishing agents used originally to
extinguish Class B fires. One type consisted of sodium
bicarbonate base with additives to prevent caking and to
improve fluid flow characteristics. Dry chemicals are effective
on surface fires, especially on flammable liquids.
Dry powder extinguishing agents are powders effective in
putting out combustible-metal fires. There are several
proprietary agents effective on several metals, but n0ne
should be used without proper attention to the
manufacturer’s instructions and the specific metal involved.
Types of Exits.
¤ Corridors, enclosed horizontal or slightly inclined public
passageway, which lead from interior spaces toward an exit
discharge. fire rating of 1 or 2 hours.
¤ Exit passageways, horizontal extensions of vertical
passageways. A street-floor lobby may serve as an exit
passageway if it is sufficiently wide to accommodate the
probable number of evacuees from all spaces at the lobby
level.
¤ Exit doors, doors providing access to streets or to stairs or
exit passageways. fire rating of at least ¾ hour.
¤ Horizontal exit, passageway to a refuge area. a fire door
through a wall with a 2 hour fire rating, a balcony providing a
path around a fire barrier, or a bridge or tunnel between two
buildings.
¤ Interior stairs, inside a building and that serves as an exit.
should have a 2-hr fire rating.
¤ Exterior stairs, open to the outdoors and that serve as an
exit to the ground level. should be protected by a
fire-resistant roof and should be built of non-combustible
materials.
¤ Smokeproof tower, a continuous fire-resistant enclosure
protecting a stairway from fire or smoke in a building.
¤ Escalators or moving stairs. Building codes may permit
their use as exits if they meet the safety requirements of
interior stairs & if they move in the direction of exit travel or
stop gradually when an automatic fire-detection system
signals a fire.
¤ Moving walks, horizontal or inclined conveyor belts for
passengers.
Refuge area is a space protected against fire and smoke.
PROTECTION AGAINST EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake
Resistant Construction
Hypocenter- sudden release of tremendous amounts of
energy within the earth by a sudden movement at a point
Movement at any point of the earth’s surface during a
temblor may be recorded with seismograph
Seismic Scales
Modified Mercalli scale compares earthquake intensity by
assigning values to human perceptions of the severity of the
oscillations and extent of damage to buildings
Richter scale assigns numbers M to earthquake intensity in
accordance with the amount of energy released, as measured
by the maximum amplitude of ground motion.
PROTECTION AGAINST WATER: Typhoon Resistant
Construction
flood stage- flood occurs when a river rises above an
elevation
flood plain an area that can be inundated by a flood, should
be protected against a flood with a mean recurrence interval
of 100 years
Definitions of Terms Related to Water Resistance
o Permeability. Quality or state of permitting passage of
water and water vapor into, through and from pores and
interstices, without causing rupture, or displacement.
o Pervious of leaky. Cracks, crevices, leaks, or holes larger
than capillary pores which permit a flow or leakage of water,
are present. The material may or may not contain capillary
pores.
o Water-resistant. Capillary pores exists that permit
passage of water and water vapor, but there are few or no
openings larger than capillaries that permit leakage of
significant amounts of water.
o Water-repellent. Not “wetted” by water; hence, not
capable of transmitting water by capillary forces alone.
However, the material may allow transmission of water
under pressure and may be permeable to water vapor.
o Waterproof. No openings are present that permit
leakage or passage of water and water vapor; the material is
impervious to water and water vapor, whether under
pressure or not.
National Housing Authority’s enormous Vitas Housing
Project or the Katuparan Ville, was built in Tondo, in the
1980s to resettle families displaced by the Port Authority’s
new container terminal.
Compressed Earth Block CEB, formed in a mechanical press
that forms an approximate mix of dirt, non-expensive clay,
and an aggregate into a compressed block.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Tensile Structure is a construction of elements carrying only
tension and no compression or bending
Ecological sanitation, also known as Ecosan or Eco-San- is a
modern alternative to conventional sanitation techniques.
Green roof is a roof of a building that is partially or
completely covered with vegetation and soil, or a growing
medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.