Adjustment Problems of Women in City Life

ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS OF WOMEN IN
CITY LIFE
Miss Bakhtawar Muneer
Miss Aysha Anum
xxxx/KMU/IBMS/MPhil/xx/x
MA Thesis
Institute of Social Sciences
University of Peshawar
25th October, 2018
ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS OF WOMEN IN
CITY LIFE
A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

degree of
Master of Arts in Social Work
Miss Bakhtawar Muneer
Miss Aysha Anum
MA Thesis
Institute of Social Sciences
University of Peshawar
25th October, 2018

CERTIFICATE
This thesis by Dr. xxxxxxxx is accepted in its present form, by the Department of
Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University Peshawar,
as satisfying thesis requirements for award of degree of Master of Philosophy in
Anatomy.
Supervisor: ____________________
(Dr. xxxxxxx)
Internal Examiner: ____________________
(Dr. xxxxx)
External Examiner: ____________________
(Dr. xxxxxxxx)
Director: ____________________
(Drxxxxxxx)
Date: Jxxxx 30, 2018
i
DEDICATION
I dedicate my work to my support system,
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
ii
DECLARATION
I, Dr. xxxxxxx, hereby affirm solemnly that the whole research process and its output
presented in this thesis draft is my own accomplishment carried out in the IBMS KMU
(Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University), Peshawar. I have
myself compiled and scribed this thesis draft.
This material is an original work and has never been previously presented for any
degree awarding examination. Also, nothing has been just copied and used from any
other available resources hence abiding by the international copyright law.
I also affirm that I have a complete understanding of the terms ‘copyright’ and
‘plagiarism’. I take complete accountability of the consequences for any desecration of
the rules and guidelines of research writing in case they are caught in my thesis.
Software ‘Turnitin’ was used to check the thesis for plagiarism.
Name: Dr. xxxxxxxxx
Signature: _____________
xxxxxxxxx, 2018
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Before all else, I truly thank Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala for everything so far, especially
for enabling me to achieve the goal of completing this research work.
The completion of my MPhil program is largely because of my supervisor,

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
I am also grateful to
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Not forgetting my team, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx as preparing study

chemicals.
Special thanks to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Statistics Department and

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Peshawar University for helping me through thesis results.
I also express gratitude to

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx help at different stages.
I also owe gratefulness to my husband,

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Jawad Tariq for proof reading it.
Finally, a lasting tribute

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Dr. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
iv
ABSTRACT
Background
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Methods
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Results
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Conclusion
v
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Keywords
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
1 LITERATURE REVIEW 11
1.1 Preface 11
1.2 yyyyyy 11
1.2.1 nnnnnnnnnnn 11
1.2.2 cccccccccccccccccccc 13
1.2.3 eeeeeeeeeeeee 13
1.2.4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13
1.2.5 cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc 14
1.2.6 ppppppppppppppppppp 16
1.3 ddddd 16
1.3.1 ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc 16
1.3.2 Mxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 16
1.4 Scope of Study 19
1.5 Objectives 20
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 21
2.1 Study Approval and Setting 21
2.1 Study Sample 21
2.2 Study Chemicals – Details and Doses 22
2.3 Research Study Design 26
2.4 Research Study Period 28
2.4.1 Specimen Collection and Fixation 28
2.5 Processing 29
2.5.1 Tissue Samples Arrangement and Grouping 29
vii
2.5.2 Tissue Processing – Setting 29
2.5.3 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv: 30
2.6 Lggggggggggggggggggggggg 30
2.6.1 hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh 30
2.7 Statistical Analysis of Data 34
2.7.1 Hypothesis based results methodology 34
2.7.2 Statistical tests 36
3 RESULTS 38
3.1 Results as per Study Objectives 38
3.2 Study Parameters (Dependent Variables) for Results: 38
3.2.1 General Observations 38
3.3 ddddddddddddddddddddd 41
3.3.1 Objective based results for hypothesis testing 42
4 DISCUSSION 43
4.1 Overview 43
4.2 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg 43
4.3 Objective 1: dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 44
4.4 Objective 2: 44
4.5 Objective 3: dnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 44
4.6 Limitations 44
5 CONCLUSION 46
6 REFERENCES 47
APPENDICES 71
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Chemical Classification of Pesticides2,3,6–8 12
Table 2-1: Details of the study chemicals administered to treatment groups 23
Table 2-2: Details of laboratory chemicals used in the study procedures 23
Table 2-3: ffffffffffffffffffffffffs29,30 26
ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IBMS Institute of Basic Medical Sciences
KMU Khyber Medical University
b.w. Body weight
DLM Deltamethrin
WHO World Health Organization
UNCETDG United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of

Dangerous Goods
GHS Globally Harmonized System
FAO/WHO Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization
JMPR Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues
MRL Maximum Residual Level
LD50 Lethal Dose
ADI Acute Daily Intake
RfD Reference Dose
GAP Good Agriculture Practice
STP Societies of Toxicologic Pathology
INHAND International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic
Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
FDA Food and Drug Administration
DMSO Dimethylsulphoxide
x
1 LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Preface
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,
1.2 yyyyyy
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2–5
1.2.1 nnnnnnnnnnn
11
LITERATURE REVIEW
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.1,2
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.1,2
Table 1-1: Chemical Classification of Pesticides2,3,6–8
No. CHEMICAL FAMILY EXAMPLES
1 Pyrethroid (Botanical)8 Bioallethrin, Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Rotenone, Pyrethrins
2 Carbamates Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran
3 Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos, Parathion, Diazinon, Dichlorvos (DDVP)
4 Organochlorine Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dieldrin
5 Carbamates fungicides Maneb, Mancozeb, Butylate, EPTC
6 Dichlorophenylethanes Cyclodienes, Chlordane, Chlorobenzilate
7 Triazines and Triazoles Amitrole, Atrazine, Cyanazine, Propazine
8 Benzoic acid and Phenoxy 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, DCPA
12
LITERATURE REVIEW
9 Urea compounds Diflubenzuron, Diuron
10 Inorganic compounds Sulfur, Copper, Arsenic, Lead
11 Others Paraquat, Captan
1.2.2 cccccccccccccccccccc
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.6 as follows6,7:
 ddddddddddddddddddddddddddd

dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd been shown in the Table 1-1.2,3,6–8
1.2.3 eeeeeeeeeeeee
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.9
xxxxxxxxxx (Figure 1-1).3,4
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.9,10
1.2.4 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxFigure 1-2.2–4
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.1,2
13
LITERATURE REVIEW
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.9
1.2.5 cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
cccccccc.6
cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc.3
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv.1,9
Chlorinated
Carbamates[4
hydrocarbons
%
9%
Pyrethroids
47%
Organophospha
tes[40%
Common Pesticides
Figure 1-1: Percentages of common registered pesticides
14
LITERATURE REVIEW
Figure 1-2: Pesticide percentage usage depending upon the target population2–4
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.6,9
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).3,9
xxxxxxxxxxx.10,11
15
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.2.6 ppppppppppppppppppp
oooooooooooooo
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1.3 ddddd
1.3.1 ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
.44
1.3.2 Mxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.45–49
16
LITERATURE REVIEW
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.44,50,51
Gross aaaaaaaaaaa
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.43,54–56,57
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss:
 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxsssssssssssssssssssssss
sss.52,54
17
LITERATURE REVIEW
Figure 1-4: Porta hepatis cross-section showing

Figure 1-3: Rat liver in situ during dissection
the structures of portal triad of the liver
(With due acknowlegment, taken from:
(Reproduced with acknowledgement from “Gray’s
http://www.auckland.ac.nz/theinsideword/wp-
anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice54)
content/uploads/2013/07/rat-upper.jpg63)
18
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.4 Scope of Study

sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb.
n plus curcumin simultaneously and curcumin following deltamethrin on rat liver.
19
LITERATURE REVIEW
This aim was achieved by:
1. ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss.
2. ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss.
3. sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss.
1.5 Objectives
The objectives of this study were:
1. ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
gggggggggggggggggggggggg
2. ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg.
3. .
20
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Study Approval and Setting
After review and approval by Graduate Study Committee (GSC), this research proposal
was approved by the Advanced Study and Research Board (ASRB) under: DIR/KMU-
AS&RB/HE/xxxxxxxxxxx, and Ethical Board under: DIR/KMU-
EB/HE/xxxxxxxxxxxxx. The study was carried out in the Institute of Basic Medical
Sciences (IBMS) of Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar, Pakistan.
xxxxxxxxxThe xxx.46–49,134–136
2.1 Study Sample
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.58,137
Figure 2-1: dddddddddddddddddddddddIBMS KMU
21
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Figure 2-2: AdddddddddddddddddddddddIBMS KMU
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss as appendix
A.137,139–143
2.2 Study Chemicals – Details and Doses
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh (Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4 and Error!
Reference source not found.). The important chemical details have been given in Table
2-1 and Table 2-2.
22
Table 2-1: Details of the study chemicals administered to treatment groups
Chemical Physical Concent- Supplier Use Dose calculation

state ration
Table 2-2: Details of laboratory chemicals used in the study procedures
Chemical Physical Concent- Supplier Use Dose calculation

state ration
23
Figure 2-3:
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc, IBMS
KMU
24
Figure 2-4: ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
25
2.3 Research Study Design
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx12,38,144
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.118,121,125,126,145
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxTable 2-3, which shows
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.29,30
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Figure 2-9).29,30
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).146–148
Table 2-3: ffffffffffffffffffffffffs29,30
26
Figure 2-5: Concept map cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
Figure 2-6: ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
Scheme for the 2-Phase Subacute Study
27
2.4 Research Study Period
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
gggggggggggg.138,149,51
Figure 2-7: Process of preparation ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg, IBMS

KMU
2.4.1 Specimen Collection and Fixation
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd in appendix B.152,153
28
2.5 Processing
2.5.1 Tissue Samples Arrangement and Grouping
Figure 2-8: fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
2.5.2 Tissue Processing – Setting
dddddd (Error! Reference source not found., Error! Reference source not found. an
d Error! Reference source not found.).
29
2.5.3 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv:
i. ggggggggn:
Thhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.
ii. Dhhhhhhhhhhhhhon:
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.
2.6 Lggggggggggggggggggggggg
2.6.1 hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg.
30
31
32
33
2.7 Statistical Analysis of Data
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg Figure 2-38.
2.7.1 Hypothesis based results methodology
Based on research question and objectives of this study, the alternate hypothesis (Ha)
was as follows;
Ha =
34
ddddddddddddddddddddddd
The details related to study hypothesis, indicators, result methodology and type of
statistics applied have been elaborated in the Error! Reference source not found..
Independent Dependent
Variable X Variable Y
CAUSE RESPONSE
Categorical/ i) Ordinal
Nominal ii) Continuous
Figure 2-9: Concept map showing the levels of

measurements of the study variables in general
35
Figure 2-10: Classification hierarchy for the variables of this research study in particular
2.7.2 Statistical tests
During the whole study duration all different important data were consistently recorded
in Microsoft Excel. After obtaining, organizing and coding all the results in Excel, they
were finally imported into SPSS for applying the proper statistical analysis tests.
2.7.2.1 Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS to describe all the qualitative
and quantitative variables included in this study. Variables were represented by
mean ± standard deviation (SD) (Error! Reference source not found.).
The quantitative data was also analyzed for independence, normality and
homoscedasticity (homogeneity of variance) by applying the required tests to meet the
assumptions of parametric statistical tests.
36
37
3 RESULTS
This experimental study was designed to

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. The results which have been achieved show
xxxx.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
3.1 Results as per Study Objectives

The results were structured on the study objectives as follows:
1. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
2. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
x
3.2 Study Parameters (Dependent Variables) for Results:
1. Sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
sss
2. Ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
3. sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
3.2.1 General Observations
ggggggggggggggggggggggggggg.
38
DISCUSSION
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Figure 3-1: Comparison oddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddds
39
DISCUSSION
Figure 3-2: Mean absolute liver weights of the rat subgroups based on mean ± standard
deviation
Bar chart showing group wise means of the absolute liver weights in the form of column bars
(blue) along with the standard deviation error bars (red).
40
DISCUSSION
3.3 ddddddddddddddddddddd
ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd (section Error! Reference s
ource not found.).
dddddd (section Error! Reference source not found.) and finally processed for s
tatistical analysis using SPSS. The significant results thus obtained as well as the
comparisons among various treatment groups (independent variables) based on the
observed histological outcomes (dependent variables) have been presented in this
section.
41
DISCUSSION
Figure 3-3: Severity grades of the treatment groups derived from the “Modified scoring criteria
for liver grading”
Normal = Grade 0 (-, 0%); Minimal = Grade 1 (+, 25%); Mild = Grade 2 (++, 50%); Moderate=
Grade 3 (+++, 75%); Marked= Grade 4 (++++, 100%) (Error! Reference source not f
ound.)
3.3.1 Objective based results for hypothesis testing
As explained earlier, overall histological scoring and the statistical analysis of all the
study parameters and the comparisons among all the study subgroups had been
assembled to test the study hypothesis. The results for each objective are as follows:
Objective 1:
3.3.1.1 ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg?
 Ggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg)
42
4 DISCUSSION
4.1 Overview
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn.67
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnkkkkkkkkkk
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk.95,108
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.100,101
The crux of our

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jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj.
4.2 gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.45,158
jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj,27 l.,160
kkkkkkkkk
43
DISCUSSION
4.3 Objective 1: dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddd.27,159,164–171
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd.27
4.4 Objective 2:
fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
gggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg.178
4.5 Objective 3: dnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
).
nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn.180–184
hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.98,118,121,145,185,186
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
4.6 Limitations
Like most of the scientific works which face one or the other type of limitations namely;
study design limitation, impact limitation and statistical/data limitation, our study also
had certain constraints, some already stated above, that might had an impact on the
interpretation of our research findings to some extent.191,192
i. The main study design limitation

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
Another possible constraint

xxxxxxxxxxxxx.
44
DISCUSSION
ii. Regarding impact limitation,

dddddddddddddddddddddddddd
iii. Regarding data and statistical

limitationddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
dddd
45
5 CONCLUSION
Conclusions
 dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd.
 dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd period.
 ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
 ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd.
Recommendations
 Further research needs

ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
To sum it up, it is recommended to further explore

ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
All the findings of the study

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
46
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX–A
I.
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ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS OF WOMEN IN

Miss Bakhtawar Muneer

Miss Aysha Anum

Institute of Social Sciences

A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Master of Arts in Social Work

Miss Bakhtawar Muneer

Miss Aysha Anum

25th October, 2018

Internal Examiner: ____________________

External Examiner: ____________________

Date: Jxxxx 30, 2018

Name: Dr. xxxxxxxxx

The completion of my MPhil program is largely because of my supervisor,

Not forgetting my team, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx as preparing study

Special thanks to xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Statistics Department and

I also express gratitude to

I also owe gratefulness to my husband,

Finally, a lasting tribute

1.4 Scope of Study 19

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 21

2.1 Study Approval and Setting 21

2.1 Study Sample 21

2.2 Study Chemicals – Details and Doses 22

2.3 Research Study Design 26

2.4 Research Study Period 28

2.4.1 Specimen Collection and Fixation 28

2.5.1 Tissue Samples Arrangement and Grouping 29

2.7 Statistical Analysis of Data 34

2.7.1 Hypothesis based results methodology 34

2.7.2 Statistical tests 36

3.1 Results as per Study Objectives 38

3.2 Study Parameters (Dependent Variables) for Results: 38

3.2.1 General Observations 38

3.3.1 Objective based results for hypothesis testing 42

4.3 Objective 1: dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd 44

4.5 Objective 3: dnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 44

Table 2-1: Details of the study chemicals administered to treatment groups 23

Table 2-2: Details of laboratory chemicals used in the study procedures 23

Table 2-3: ffffffffffffffffffffffffs29,30 26

KMU Khyber Medical University

b.w. Body weight

WHO World Health Organization

UNCETDG United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of

GHS Globally Harmonized System

FAO/WHO Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization

JMPR Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues

MRL Maximum Residual Level

LD50 Lethal Dose

ADI Acute Daily Intake

RfD Reference Dose

GAP Good Agriculture Practice

STP Societies of Toxicologic Pathology

INHAND International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic

Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice

IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

FDA Food and Drug Administration

Table 1-1: Chemical Classification of Pesticides2,3,6–8

No. CHEMICAL FAMILY EXAMPLES

1 Pyrethroid (Botanical)8 Bioallethrin, Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Rotenone, Pyrethrins

2 Carbamates Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran

3 Organophosphate Chlorpyrifos, Parathion, Diazinon, Dichlorvos (DDVP)

4 Organochlorine Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dieldrin