Modifiable Factors

Non-modifiable factors
 Diet (High in carbs and fats)  Age (64 y.o)
 Physical inactivity  Gender (Male)
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2  Race (Asian)
 Obesity (wt loss)
 Family history (Paternal and Maternal

Dysfunction of the
beta cells in the Decreased sensitivity of
pancreas the cells to insulin

Glucose is unable to
Production of impaired enter the cells
insulin

Glucose remains in the

Desensitization of the blood stream
liver and extremities to
the levels of blood
glucose

Continued release of
glucose by the liver
Legend:
 Manifestation
 Nursing diagnosis
Hyperglycaemia
 Medications

 Diagnostic test
 Nursing managament:
o HGT: 423(70-110mg/dL)
o FBS:160mg ( 100-125 mg/dL
 Incresed
Increased glucose glucose intake
Incresased
concentration of the cells
glucose
concentration
Decreased osmotic
pressure in the Decreased production
Increased glucose in blood of ATP
urine/

Decreased glucose H2O move from Decreased energy for

reabsorption in the renal the cells towards normal cellular
tubules the blood functions
Decreased osmotic
pressure
Dehydration
Polyphagia
Decreased H2O
reabsorption Stimulation of
osmoreceptors Wt.Loss
Weakness
Increased Urine
output Thirst
Imbalanced
nutrition
Polyuria Polydipsia

Deficient fluid volume Ineffective tissue perfusion

Closely monitoring of v/s Low salt-low
Monitor I and O fat Diet
Urinalysis: +3 Sugar
  Lantus 40 units SQ
in AM for Moderate HBR
HGT<100 Restrict fluid intake

Gluconeogenesis
activation

Lipolysis

Fatty Acids

Atherosclerosis

Damaged liver cells

Liver scarring

Liver necrosis

Faulty Portal Hypertension Impairement

protein in bile
synthesis drainage
Hepatic shunting
Hypoalbuminemia
Albumin: 29.9 Splenomegaly Diminished fat
(35-54ul/L) Thrombocytopeni emulsification &
a absorption

Aminoleban Anemia
Hypersplenism
Decreased Vitamin K
absorption
Excessive RBC lysis RBC: 3.54(4-6X10 12/L)
Hematocrit: 0.32 (0.37-
0.57
Hemoglobin: 113 (110- General weakness
Relese of 180g/L)
hemoglobin Platelet count: 110
(140-450x10

Increased Activity
bilirubin intolerance

Disturbed body
X-ray impression
image
Tea colored urine Interstitial lung disease primary
consideration pneumonia

Total Bilirubin: 46.55(1.7- SGPT : 44.60 (5-35U/L)

2ul/L) SGOT: 46.76(8-40U/L)
B1 or Indirect: 24.190(1.7- CREATININE: 77.25 (51-
17.1) 106umol/L)
Alkaline phosphate: 190.34(53-  NAC (Exflem) tab in 50cc
B2or direct: 22.36 (0-3.4)
141U/  Colchine 500 mg tab pc meal
 Terbutaline 2.5mg itab
 Piptaz 4.5mg infuse for 3
hours
 Tamsur 400mg 1 tab OD
Ultrasound-whole abdomen
Impression: , Liver cirrhosis,
Splenomegaly,
prostamegaly  Promote bed
rest
 Liverprime cap TID
 Aminoleban
 Spinolactone 2.5 mg