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PROCEDURES: -Centrifuge
-Fume hood
The wastewater generated in the city flows across three main
-Oven
storm water channels in the three catchments where -Mortar and pestle
wastewater samples were periodically assessed in two seasons for -Freezer
lipid extraction. -Gas Chromatograph
- Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
Sample collection and preparation: The municipal primary and - stainless steel column, dimension 10 X 1/8, packed
secondary sludge samples were collected from with 5% DEGS-PS
three principle waste water treatment plants like Hebbala,
Nayandahalli and Vrishabavati located in Bangalore. Raw
sludge was allowed to settle for 24 h at 10°C. After discarding the METHODS:
supernatant liquid the resulting sludge was then
centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min for further dewatering. - Bligh and Dyer
Dewatered sludge was spread on tray and put in a fume - A.O.A.C standard methods
hood for 4 days to dry under vacuum at ambient temperature. The - Duncan's new multiple range test
dried sludge contained approximately 94% solids - ANOVA
measured by drying the sludge at constant mass in an oven at
120°C. Dried sludge was crushed in a mortar and
pestle homogenized and then stored in a freezer prior to use. The
powdered sample was then washed with distilled
water in order to remove all the soluble impurities, then dried at
500C overnight prior to use as a dehydrating agent
for the extraction of total lipids (oil). Extraction from organic
solvents was carried out by following the method of
Bligh and Dyer, 1959 (10).
PROCEDURES:
Impact on Humans
Scanning electomicrograph image of Shewanella Putrefaciens
Shewanella putrefaciens as a humans pathogen is very
CN32 cells taken by the Department of Energy.
rare. If it does effect human health it is typically only seen to
show effects in combination eith other bacterial infections
such as E.coli, pneumonia, and streptococcus. Infections
Effect on Marine Life form Shewanella putrfaciens mainly occur in soft tissue
such as skin, intra-abdominal areas, or in the blood
Shewanella putrefaciens can be found in freshwater,
(Pagani) (McNair).
brackish, and salt water ecosystems. Many healthy marines
animals are contaminated with Shewanella putrefaciens Shewanella putrefaciens is a main food spoilage bacteria in
only to have it be realized when food caught by seafood marine fish, which in turn can effect human health, but also
industries spoils due to the bacterias presence. In creates a problem for the food industry. It also posses an
freshwater animals, and in particular fish species of trout, even larger problem for the food industry because of its
ability to form film on the food processing equipment that is
mainly made of stainless steal. Studies done by Applied
and Environmental Microbiology society looked deeper into
this problem and the possibility that Shewanella
Putrefaciens colonies on the equipment may be the source
of further bacterial pollution while also causing corrosion of
the equipment itself. The persistence of Shewanella
putrefaciens colonies on the equipment, even after
dissenfection, is partially due to the fact that it is a gram
negative bacterium that has a higher resistance to
antibiotics. The results of this study showed that although
disinfection did not have a significant impact on Shewanella
putrefaciens growth on the equipment, the presence of the
bacteria P. fluorescens did inhibit growth. This is due to the
fact Shewanella putrefaciens tends to grow in "microbial
communities" where other bacteria is part of the film
formed. When P. fluoresens is present in microbial film with
Shewanella putrefaciens it outcompetes and limits its
growth (Bagge).
Conclusion
Shewanella putrefaciens is also well known for its use in
biotechnology. Shewanella putrefaciens is a metal
reducing, facilitate anaerobe and this quality contributes to
its ability to be used in biotechnology. It is used as many
things from a bioremediate of chlorinated compounds to a
radionuclide and a biocatalyst. Its ability to be a biocatalyst
and to reduce iron has lead to interesting research done
with Shewanella putrefaciens being used in fuel cells. This
research is being done at the Korean Institute of Science
and Technologyand has shown that Shewanella has the
ability to be used in a fuel cell as part of a biosensor for
lactate. This means with the presence of Shewanella
putrefaciens as a electronon acceptor and metal reducer of
iron their was a change of charge detected in the fuel cell
when lactate was added. This presence of an
electrochemical reaction could mean a lot of things for the
use of Shewanella putrefaciens in fuel cells later on (Kim).
The bacteria has also been shown to derive energy by
reducing uranium, manganese, Vanadium, and Technetium
(Min).
Electrical Energy Production Through Microbial
Fuel Cell using Industrial Wastewater Fisheries
Methods
Fuel cell that harvests electrons from the bacteria in mud! And
ELECTRons mean ELECTRicity. 75g salt. 200ml water. 5 grams agar or gelatin. Bring
to boil. Petri dish. Fridge. Done.
The cell also makes a great habitat for a beta fish... The
The bacteria produce hydrogen IONS (an ion is an
bacteria decompose the fish poop adding to the cell's fuel and atom that has lost electrons)...a hydrogen ATOM is
keeping the water clean! nothing but a proton and an electron buzzing
around it...its like if the Earth was a proton and the
moon was an electron...take away the moon....er I
mean the electron and all you are left with is a
single PROTON aka a hydrogen ION
Step 1: Get Some MUCK!
The PEM as they say allows protons through it and
recombine with oxygen and the electrons to form a
circuit and H20 as a byproduct.
copper wire's "dendrites" or "feelers" as I like to call
them.
Step 3: Make Electrodes
! After a few days you can watch the voltage increase as more
bacteria grow on the anode!
C for 6 h.