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Regulations for the prevention of Air Pollution from ships entered into force on 19 May
2005,
Regulation 12 - Emissions from Ozone depleting substances from refrigerating plants and
fire fighting equipment.
Regulation 13 - Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines
Regulation 14 - Sulphur Oxide (SOx) emissions from ships
Regulation 15 - Volatile Organic compounds emissions from cargo oil tanks of oil tankers
Regulation 16 - Emissions from shipboard incinerators.
Regulation 18 - Fuel Oil quality.
and will apply to all ships of 400 gross tons and above which will have to carry an
International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (IAPP Certificate). This certificate must
be on board at delivery for a ship constructed (keel laid) after 19 May 2005. For ships
constructed before this date, the IAPP certificate must be on board at the first scheduled
dry-docking after 19 May 2005, but not later than 19 May 2008. Ships constructed (keel-
laid) before 1 January 2000 need to comply with operational requirements in MARPOL
Annex VI from 19 May 2005. Unless existing engines are subject to major modification, or
new engines or incinerators are fitted, the requirements in Regulation 13 and
constructive requirements in Regulation 16 do not apply to vessels constructed before 1
January 2000.
Ships of less than 400 tons will still have to comply with the legislation where applicable,
but in there case the Administration may establish appropriate measures in order to
ensure that Annex VI is complied with.
Because this web site is concerned with marine diesel engines, regulations 13, 14 and 16
will be discussed in further depth.
NOx Emissions
This regulation applies to diesel engines with a power output of more than 130 kW each
which are installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2000; and each diesel
engine with a power output of more than 130 kW which undergoes a major conversion
on or after 1 January 2000. It does not apply to lifeboat engines or emergency generators.
The NOx limits are shown on
the graph on the right. the limits are set as follows:
45 × 600-0.2 = 12.52g/kWh
All certified engines are delivered with an individual Technical File that contains the
engine’s specifications for compliance with the NOx regulation, and the applicable
onboard verification procedure. The certification process includes an emission test for
compliance with the NOx requirements on the manufacturer’s test bed
There are three on board verification procedures which can be used The method used is
initially decided by the engine manufacturer, and is usually a specific chapter in the
engine’s Technical File.
Engine parameter check method
Simplified measurement method
Direct measurement and monitoring method
The engine parameter check ensures that the present state of the engine corresponds to
the specified components, calibration or parameter adjustment state at the time of initial
certification. The engine’s Technical File identifies the components, settings and
operating values that influences the exhaust emissions and these must be checked to
ensure compliance during surveys and inspections. The components and settings will be
those which affect the NOx produced by the engine, such as:
Injection timing
Injection system components (nozzle, injector, fuel pump)
Injection pressure
Camshaft components (fuel cam, inlet- and exhaust cam)
Valve timing
Combustion chamber (piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner)
Compression ratio (connecting rod, piston rod, shim, gaskets)
Turbocharger type and build (internal components)
Charge air cooler/charge air pre-heater
Auxiliary blower
NOx reducing equipment
The Simplified measurement method is where the NOx content of the exhaust gas is
measured during a 20 minute full load run of the engine. Due to the possible deviations
when applying the simplified measurement method, an allowance of 10% of the
applicable limit value is accepted for confirmation tests and during periodical and
intermediate surveys.
For the direct measurement and monitoring method, the engine will be fitted with a
direct measurement system which monitors the NOx emissions, either as spot checks
logged regularly or continuous monitoring. Records must be kept for at least 3 months
and must have been taken in the past 30 days.
SOx Emissions
SECAs are:
The Baltic (from 19th May 2006).
North European Waters (from
19thNovember 2007)
Under the revised MARPOL Annex VI, the term Sulphur Emission Control Area, or SECA, is
being replaced with Emission Control Area, or ECA. This will allow for ECAs to specify
limits not just for sulphur oxides (SOx), but also for particulate matter (PM), and (NOx).
Proposed new S(ECA)s are a 200 mile ECA around the East and West Coast of the North
American continent as well as Hawaii, The Mediterranean, Sigapore and around Australia.
Low and high sulphur fuel has to be stored in different tanks. Different grades of cylinder
oils may have to be carried if operating with low sulphur fuel for any length of time to
prevent excessive calcium deposits and resultant liner wear. If low sulphur fuels are used,
high wear rates may be experienced with fuel injection equipment.
Ships using separate fuel oils entering or leaving an Emission Control Area must carry a
written procedure showing how the fuel oil change-over is to be done, allowing sufficient
time for the fuel oil service system to be fully flushed of all fuel oils exceeding the
applicable sulphur content prior to entry into an Emission Control Area. The volume of
low sulphur fuel oils in each tank as well as the date, time, and position of the ship when
any fuel-oil-change-over operation is completed prior to the entry into an Emission
Control Area or commenced after exit from such an area, shall be recorded in the Oil
Record Book or approved log book..
Although fuel oil quality is currently primarily a matter between owners/managers and
suppliers, it will under Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 also become a statutory matter. In
addition to requirements limiting the sulphur content of oil fuel, Annex VI contains
requirements preventing the incorporation of potentially harmful substances, and in
particular waste streams (e.g. chemical waste), into fuel oils.
Bunker delivery notes must be kept on board for a minimum of three years and must
contain the following information:
Name and IMO number of receiving ship
Bunkering Port
Date of commencement of bunkering
Name, address, and telephone number of marine fuel oil supplier
Product name
Quantity (metric tons)
Density at 15°C (kg/m3)
Sulphur content (% m/m)
A signed declaration from the the fuel oil supplier's representative that the fuel supplied
has a sulphur level below 4.5% and that the fuel is free from inorganic acid and does not
include any added substance or chemical waste which either jeopardises the safety of
ships, adversely affects the performance of the machinery, is harmful to personnel, or
contributes overall to additional air pollution is also required.
Samples must be taken by either a manual valve-setting continuous-drip sampler (shown
opposite) a time-proportional automatic sampler, or a flow-proportional automatic
sampler.
Samples must be kept on board for at least 12 months and the labels must contain the
following information:
Location at which, and the method by which, the sample was drawn
Bunkering date
Name of bunker tanker/bunker installation
Name and IMO number of the receiving ship
Signatures and names of the supplier’s representative and the ship's representative
Details of seal identification
Bunker grade.