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CHEMISTRY 9701/41
Paper 4 Structured Questions October/November 2013
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: Data Booklet
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Section A
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. 4
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
5
Total
IB13 11_9701_41/4RP
© UCLES 2013 [Turn over
2
For
Section A Examiner’s
Use
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1 (a) Gaseous ammonia reacts with gaseous hydrogen chloride to form solid ammonium
chloride.
The bonding in ammonium chloride includes ionic, covalent and co-ordinate (dative
covalent) bonds.
–
H H
x ●
o
N Cl
H H
[3]
(b) When a sample of dry ammonia is needed in the laboratory, the gas is passed through a
tower containing lumps of solid calcium oxide, CaO.
(i) Suggest why the usual drying agent for gases, concentrated H2SO4, is not used for
ammonia.
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(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between CaO and H2O.
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(iii) Suggest why CaO rather than MgO is used to dry ammonia.
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[3]
(ii) State and explain how the thermal stabilities of the nitrates vary down Group II.
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[4]
[Total: 10]
BLANK PAGE
C 3925
Si 1683
Ge 1210
Sn 505
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[2]
(b) Using data from the Data Booklet where appropriate, write equations for the following
reactions of compounds of Group IV elements.
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[4]
[Total: 6]
NH3 + →
CH3OH + →
(ii) Using the symbol B– to represent a Brønsted-Lowry base, write equations which
show the following substances acting as Brønsted-Lowry acids.
NH3 + →
CH3OH + →
[4]
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[2]
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(ii) Explain how the working of a buffer solution relies on a reversible reaction involving
a Brønsted-Lowry acid such as HZ and a Brønsted-Lowry base such as Z–.
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[4]
Buffer solution F was prepared by adding 0.0300 mol of sodium hydroxide to 100 cm3 of
a 0.500 mol dm–3 solution of propanoic acid.
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and propanoic acid.
....................................................................................................................................
(iii) Calculate the concentrations of propanoic acid and sodium propanoate in buffer
solution F.
pH = ................................
[6]
(e) Phenyl propanoate cannot be made directly from propanoic acid and phenol.
Suggest the identities of the intermediate G, the reagent H and the by-product J in the
following reaction scheme.
ONa
H O
CH3CH2CO2H G + J
O
G is ..........................................................
H is ..........................................................
J is ..........................................................
[2]
[Total: 18]
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[2]
(b) (i) Describe and explain the trend in bond energies of the C–X bond in halogenoalkanes,
where X = F, Cl, Br or I.
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(ii) Describe the relationship between the reactivity of halogenoalkanes, RX, and the
bond energies of the C–X bond.
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[3]
(c) Use the Data Booklet to suggest an explanation as to why CFCs such as CF2Cl 2 are
much more harmful to the ozone layer than fluorocarbons such as CF4 or hydrocarbons
such as butane, C4H10.
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[3]
(d) Predict the products of the following reactions and draw their structures in the boxes
below. The molecular formula of each product is given, where X = Cl , Br or I.
Cl Cl
H 2O +
O C3H5O2X
I Cl
H 2O +
C3H7OX
Br
H 2O +
Br
C7H7OX
[3]
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(iii) Use the Data Booklet to calculate the enthalpy change, ∆H, of this step.
∆H = ................................ kJ mol–1
(iv) Use the Data Booklet to calculate the enthalpy change, ∆H, of the similar reaction:
I● + CH3CH3 → HI + CH3CH2●
∆H = ................................ kJ mol–1
(v) Hence suggest why it is not possible to make iodoethane by reacting together iodine
and ethane.
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(vi) Complete the following equations of some possible steps in the formation of
chloroethane.
Cl 2 → ..............
[Total: 19]
CH2 C
CO2H
K
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(iii) Describe the changes in chemical bonding that occur during the polymerisation of K.
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[3]
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[1]
(c) (i) Draw the structure of at least two repeat units of the polymer formed by the above
method from acrylic acid, K, when mixed with NaOH.
(ii) The C–C–C bond angle in compound K changes when the polymer is formed.
State and explain how the C–C–C bond angle differs between a molecule of K and
the polymer.
explanation ................................................................................................................
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[4]
(ii) A student added 0.10 g of the polymer to 10 cm3 of aqueous copper(II) sulfate
solution.
Predict, with a reason, what you expect to observe.
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[4]
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H H H
C step 1 C step 2 C
H 2C CO2H H2C CO2–NH4+ H2C CONH2
K L
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[5]
[Total: 17]
6 (a) Protein molecules are formed by the polymerisation of amino acids in the body. The
structures of three amino acids are given.
O O
OH
HO OH OH
H 2N
O NH2 NH2
(i) How many different tripeptides can be made using one molecule of each of the
amino acids shown?
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(ii) Draw the tripeptide ser-gly-val, showing the peptide bonds in displayed form.
(iii) Within the tripeptide, which amino acid provides a hydrophobic side chain?
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(iv) Polypeptide chains can form bonds giving proteins their secondary and tertiary
structures.
Using the tripeptide in (ii), state two types of bonding that can be formed and the
groups in the tripeptide that are involved in this bonding.
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(iii) The graph shows the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction against the substrate
concentration in the absence of an inhibitor.
rate of
reaction
concentration of substrate
On the same axes, sketch a graph showing the rate of this reaction if a
non-competitive inhibitor was present.
[4]
[Total: 10]
(a) Draw a diagram to show the apparatus used to carry out electrophoresis. You should
label each of the relevant parts of the apparatus.
[4]
(b) How far an amino acid will travel during electrophoresis depends on the pH of the solution.
For a given potential difference, state two other factors that will affect how far a given
amino acid travels in a fixed time during electrophoresis.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
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2. .......................................................................................................................................
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[2]
(c) A number of analytical and separation techniques rely on substances having different
partition coefficients.
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[1]
Calculate the mass of X that can be extracted from this aqueous solution by shaking it
with
[4]
[Total: 11]
(a) The geological nature of the soil determines the chemical composition of the groundwater.
The table shows some ions which may contaminate groundwater.
Ba2+ 0.30
Cl – 250.00
NO3– 50.00
Pb2+ 0.01
Na+ 20.00
SO42– 500.00
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(ii) State which ions in the table above are likely to be removed from the water by
treatment with powdered limestone, CaCO3, giving reasons for each of your answers.
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[4]
(b) Nitrates and phosphates can enter water courses such as rivers or streams as a result
of human activity. Both of these ions are nutrients for algae.
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[3]
(c) Acid rain can have a major impact on natural waters, particularly lakes. In recent years
there has been a worldwide effort to reduce the amount of acid rain produced.
(i) Write equations to show the production of acid rain from sulfur dioxide, SO2.
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(ii) The use of fossil fuels is one major source of sulfur dioxide.
Name another major industrial source.
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[2]
[Total: 9]
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