STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
2.0 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
3.0 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS......................................................................... 3
5.0 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 5
6.0 ACCESSIBILITY ................................................................................................................................................. 9
7.0 MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.0 CLEARANCES.................................................................................................................................................. 11
9.0 SPECIFIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................. 12
10.0 DESIGN AND DRAWING PRACTICES............................................................................................................ 20
11.0 EXCEPTIONS AND EXEMPTIONS .................................................................................................................. 21

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A TYPICAL DETAIL FOR UTILITY STATION WITH MIXING VALVE

This Standard applies to Canadian Natural Resources Limited – Horizon Oil Sands
It specifies minimum management or technical requirements.
In cases where legislation imposes more stringent or additional requirements, the legislative requirements shall override
these standards until such time as these standards are updated to reflect new requirements.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 2 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This standard defines the requirements for the design of process and utility piping, including the
layout of process equipment and units for mechanical design and drafting.
1.2 This standard shall be used for process and utility piping design.
1.3 Any deviation from this Standard requires prior written acceptance by Canadian Natural
Resources Ltd.
2.0 GENERAL
2.1 The words “CNRL”, “Owner”, and Company when used in this standard shall mean Canadian
Natural Resources Ltd. and designated agents.
2.2 Where there is conflict resulting from the interpretation of the contents of this standard, the owner
shall be called upon to make a binding final decision, and a written ruling shall be obtained prior
to proceeding with affected work.
2.3 All equipment shall be of Manufacturer's standard design, if possible.
2.4 All work shall comply with the legislative and regulatory requirements of the province or territory
of the installation as well as the Government of Canada.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
P&ID shall mean Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams.
NPS shall mean Nominal Pipe Size.
ISO shall mean (Piping) Isometric (Drawing).
LDT shall mean Line Designation Table.
API shall mean the American Petroleum Institute.
ASME shall mean the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
CSA shall mean Canadian Standards Association.
NFPA shall mean National Fire Protection Association.
4.0 LEGISLATION, REGULATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
4.1 The design and layout of the facilities shall be in accordance with the latest edition, as of the
Purchase Order date, of the following:
 Government Legislation:
Safety Codes Act, Chapter S-1, RSA-2000, with related regulations and codes:
AR 49/2006 - Pressure Equipment Safety Regulation
AR 56/2006 - Pressure Equipment Exemption Order
AR 85/2003 - Power Engineers Regulation
AR 169/2002 - Pressure Welders Regulation
AR 117/2007 – Building Code Regulation
Occupational Health and Safety Act, Chapter O-2, RSA-2000, with related regulations
and codes:
AR 62/2003 – Occupational Health and Safety Regulation

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 3 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

AR 87/2009 – Occupational Health and Safety Code Order

Occupational Health and Safety Code (2009)
 API Standards:
API RP 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices
in Refineries (Part 1 and 2)
API RP 686 Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and
Installation Design
API RP 521 Guide for Pressure Relieving and De-Pressurizing Systems
 ASME Standards:
Section I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers
B31.1 Power Piping
B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping
B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
 CSA Standards:
Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems
 NFPA Standards:
NFPA 13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 20 Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire
Protection
NFPA 24 Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and
their Appurtenances
NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code
 CNRL Standards:
00-STD-OP-0001 Pressure Relief and Flare System Design Guidelines
00-STD-PI-0001 Piping Material Classes
00-STD-PI-0002 Valve Procurement
00-STD-PI-0003 U/G Pressure Piping
00-STD-PI-0006 U/G Fire Water System Design and Repair
00-STD-PI-0015 Piping Flexibility Standard
00-STD-PI-0019 Shop Fabrication of Piping
00-STD-PI-0020 Field Fabrication and Installation of Piping
00-STD-PSFP-0001 Plant and Equipment Spacing Guidelines
00-STD-MW-0045 Thermal Insulation of Piping, Vessels and Equipment
00-STD-ST-0001 Standard for the Design of Structures
00-STD-PSFP-0003 Fire Protection

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 4 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

00-STD-PSFP-0005 Emergency Isolation, Shutdown and Relief Systems Standard

4.2 Where two or more codes, standards or regulations apply, the more stringent shall be used in the
design unless otherwise approved.
4.3 All piping elements such as pipe, flanges, fittings and other pressure containing components and
accessories shall be properly marked and registered in accordance with the provisions of the
applicable Provincial, Territorial and Federal Acts and Regulations.
4.4 Certain portions of steam, feedwater and blow-off piping associated with power boilers and steam
generating equipment, shall be designed to ASME Section I or ASME B31.1.
4.5 Generally, all other piping within the property limits of the plant shall be designed to the ASME
Code for Process Piping, ASME B31.3. Slurry piping in the Bitumen Production Extraction area
may be designed to ASME B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems.
5.0 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
5.1 Materials
5.1.1 Piping material shall be in accordance with the Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-PI-
0001.
5.1.2 Packaged items may be to manufacturer’s standard if approved in writing by the owner.
5.1.3 Install full-face gaskets against flat face cast iron valves and equipment with matching flat
face flanges.
5.1.4 Minimum pipe size shall be NPS ½, except for connections to equipment, instrument
services, steam tracing, and auxiliary services such as pump cooling.
5.1.5 In Pipeways, the minimum header size for process and utility piping shall be NPS 2.
5.1.6 Do not use NPS 3/8,1-1/4, 2-1/2, 3-1/2, 5 and 7 except for connections to equipment.
Conversion to standard pipe sizes shall be as near to the equipment as possible.
5.1.7 No valves and fittings of brass, aluminum, or cast iron shall be used, in particular for
packaged equipment, without the owner’s approval.
5.1.8 Where two services of different classifications join, the more severe service shall govern
through the first isolation valve or other means provided to separate the two services.
5.1.9 3D / 5D bends shall be used as indicated on P&IDs. All other bends should be standard
1.5 D long radius elbows. Short radius elbows may be used when required for clearance.
Mitered elbows shall not be used without the Company’s permission and may only be
used for low pressure applications.
5.1.10 The corrosion allowance shown in 00-STD-PI-0001 are the minimum for the applicable
service.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 5 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

5.2 Design Summary

5.2.1 Major lines normally shall be on overhead pipeways. In certain instances, they may be
buried provided they are adequately protected. Lines that must be run below grade, and
must be periodically inspected or replaced, shall be identified on the P&IDs and placed in
covered concrete trenches. Cooling water may be run above or below ground, based on
economics. Domestic or potable water shall be run underground except inside process
units where they may be mounted on racks. Sewer systems shall be run underground.
Pipe support spacing shall be maximized using the limits of pipe spans and structural
integrity. Consideration shall be given where supports are shared with electrical.
Clearance between the flange edge and adjacent pipe or insulation shall be 25 mm
minimum.
5.2.2 Space for future equipment, pipe, etc. will not be included unless specifically required for
plant operations and these requirements shall be indicated on the plot plan and P&IDs.
5.2.3 Avoid dead ends, especially for piping where solids or fluids may collect or form corrosive
condensate.
5.2.4 Group equipment, pumps, and exchangers to permit economical pipe routing. These
shall be located outside of the dyked storage areas, except where indicated otherwise on
the P&IDs.
5.2.5 All root valves for lines 2” and smaller shall be located at the minimum practical distance
from the header and shall be placed prior to the first elbow.
5.2.6 Consideration shall be given for the use of gussets in supporting small bore (1-1/2” and
smaller) branch connections and for piping systems subject to vibrations.
5.3 Equipment and Instrument Isolation Requirements
5.3.1 This section describes the design guidelines for isolating equipment for maintenance or
standby. Piping design shall include valving and/or blanking requirements for the safe
isolation of piping and equipment for maintenance and inspection purposes as per the
Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Code, Part 15. Wherever possible, the policy is
that an entire train of equipment will be isolated in order to undertake maintenance and
inspection of equipment within a train. CNRL’s Standard on Fire Protection 00-STD-
PSFP-0003 must also be consulted regarding plot and unit boundary isolation.
5.3.2 The requirement for isolation (i.e. the combinations of valving, blinding, drains, etc.)
depends on the level of isolation as well as the hazard class of the fluid contained within
the line or fluid containing device. Equipment Isolation Valve (EIV) requirements shall be
as per CNRL standard 00-STD-PSFP-0005.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 6 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

5.3.3 Process fluids are classified into three levels, namely; Extreme Hazardous Fluids,
Hazardous Fluids and Non-Hazardous Fluids. Details of these fluid classifications are as
shown in the following table.
Fluid Classification. Fluid Criteria. Examples.

Extreme Hazardous Fluid Fluids can cause serious  H.P. Steam

injury with release and  Chlorine.
meets any of the following  H2S
criteria:
 Toxic.
 Reactive.
 Temperature/Pressure
envelope requiring 600#
flanges or higher.
 Above fluid auto-ignition
temperature
Hazardous Fluid Fluids can cause damage or  Hydrogen.
injury if released and ignited,  Hydrocarbons.
and meets any of the
following criteria:
 Flammable.
 Temperature/Pressure
envelope requiring 300#
flanges.
Non-Hazardous Fluid. Fluids meet the following  Water
criteria.
 Oilsand Slurry.
 Non – toxic.
 Temperature/Pressure  Extraction Tailings.
envelope requiring 150#  Instrument or Utility Air
flanges or lower  Nitrogen
5.3.4 There are six levels of isolation, as follows:
 Frequent process isolation: The system integrity is breached and depressurized
while the process unit is in operation (e.g. Filter replacements, sample stations).
 Infrequent maintenance isolation: The system integrity is breached and
depressurized for the purposes of maintaining equipment while the process unit
is in operation (e.g. Rotating equipment repairs, instrumentation repairs, heat
exchanger cleaning).
 Confined space entry: Isolation for the purpose of entering a tank or vessel.
 Battery limit isolation: Isolation for the purpose of performing a turnaround for an
entire process area.
 Instrument Isolation: Isolation for the purpose of performing instrument repairs
and/or calibration.
 Piping Tie-Ins: Isolation for the purpose of tying-in new piping systems.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 7 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

5.3.5 The guidelines for isolation design are shown in the matrix below, a higher level of
isolation may be designed into the system depending on specific circumstances. The
equipment and instrumentation isolation design must meet the minimum requirements as
stated in the Alberta Occupational Health and Safety Code, Part 15, Managing the
Control of Hazardous Energy. Designs using alternate means of isolation, certified by a
professional engineer, as allowed by the code, may not be used without written approval
by CNRL.

Extreme Hazardous Fluid Non-Hazardous

Hazardous Fluid Fluid
 Single
Frequent process  Double block  Double block isolation
isolation and bleed and bleed valve and
bleed
 Single
Infrequent
 Block, bleed  Block, bleed isolation
maintenance
and blind and blind valve and
isolation
bleed
Confined space
 Blind  Blind  Blind
entry
 Block, bleed,  block, bleed,  block,
Battery limit
blind and blind and bleed, blind
isolation
block block and block
 Single
 Double block  Double block
Instrument Isolation isolation
and bleed and bleed
valve
Piping Tie-ins  Single  Single  Single
isolation valve, isolation isolation
bleed and valve, bleed valve and
blind and blind blind
5.3.6 Permanent blinding locations that are required to hold pressure must be rated to the full
design pressure of the piping system. See individual line classes for the required blinding
components. Spool pieces at convenient locations with lifting lugs should be considered
for very large lines (NPS 48 and greater).
5.3.7 Temporary (pancake type) blinds are acceptable if they are not required to hold pressure
(e.g. confined space entry when process unit is in turnaround) and piping stress is not a
concern (e.g. rotating equipment alignment).
5.3.8 Piping flexibility and strain shall be checked at all locations to ensure blank installation is
possible. In cases where pancake blanks are allowed, but piping flexibility is inadequate
for blank installation, a spacer or removable spool shall be provided.
5.3.9 Sample stations should be equipped with double block and bleed, whenever in sour or
hydrocarbon service. In sweet service, i.e.: L.P. boiler condensate samples, a single
block is acceptable.
5.3.10 A spacer shall be provided at the shell-side inlet and outlet piping for all shell and tube
heat exchangers.
5.3.11 Fired heaters shall be provided with full thickness blinds at the inlet and outlet of each
coil.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 8 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

5.3.12 Reactors shall be provided with spacers at all nozzles except for the top head
“gooseneck” where a removable spool with blind for the open piping is installed.
5.3.13 All process and utility lines of 600# and above shall have double block and bleed isolation
scheme.
5.3.14 Protective shields shall be provided for isolation valves in all liquid acidic, caustic and
toxic services.
5.4 When dealing with large bore piping and equipment isolation, installing double block and bleed
isolations should be related to cost. One should consider the risks associated with single
isolation block valves and if they be mitigated by procedures or use of blinds, and the potential
risk severity and frequency. Where exposure to contained fluids and or gases can be safely
limited by any of these methods without any long or short term health risks, then single isolation
should be used.
5.4.1 Blinds must be rated to the full design pressure of the piping system.
Typical double block and bleed isolation arrangement

When utilizing blinds in conjunction with double block and bleeds, blinds should be
installed downstream of the bleed valve.

Typical Single Block and Bleed Valve Isolation Arrangement

blind
block

bleed

6.0 ACCESSIBILITY
6.1 Provide a means of egress (a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel) from any point in a
building or platform.
6.2 Provide a secondary means of escape where the travel distance from the furthest point on a
platform to an exit exceeds 23 m (75 ft).
6.3 Platforms, ladders, safety cages and stairways shall be as per Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-
STD-ST-0001.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 9 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

6.4 Access to elevated platforms shall be by stairway. Access to elevated process vessels and
equipment (not including auxiliaries) shall be by staircase or walkways.
6.5 Clear access shall be provided for handling and storage of bulk materials for all vessels charged
with desiccant, catalyst, bulk consumables or other bulk chemicals.
6.6 Spectacle blinds shall be accessible from grade or platform. Spectacle blinds that weigh over 45
kg shall be accessible by mobile equipment or davits and have lifting lugs.
6.7 Filters shall be provided with a permanent platform and shall be located 1m below the top cover
to allow for easy access. Stairs to filter are required. In the case of frequent filter maintenance the
platform shall have a landing space and removable hand rails to allow for fork lift loading of spare
filters and tools.
7.0 MAINTENANCE
7.1 Plant design and layouts are based on the assumption that mobile equipment will be used where
practical.
7.2 Building maintenance facilities generally will not be provided for equipment accessible by mobile
equipment.
7.3 Suitable cranes, monorails, or davits shall be provided to handle equipment components, not
accessible by mobile equipment.
7.4 Ensure adequate space including crane outriggers, is provided adjacent to vessels with
removable internals. Air cooler piping must not interfere with bundle removal.
7.5 Adequate space shall be provided for handling and storage of catalysts (fresh and spent),
including mobile equipment access where appropriate.
7.6 Exchangers or fired equipment with removable tube bundles shall have equivalent bundle length
plus 2 m from the tube sheet kept clear for maintenance. Plant access roads may be utilized for
tube pulling areas.
7.7 Provision shall be made in the piping layout and location for bundle removal. This includes, but is
not limited to the following:
7.7.1 The channel head of the exchanger shall be placed as close as possible to a walkway or
platform.
7.7.2 The shell flange must be no further back than 3m from the centerline of a bundle puller lift
point. Overhanging structures shall not impede the lift point of the bundle puller. Top
clearance shall be 3.2m from the bottom of the tube sheet to any overhanging structure.
7.7.3 Adequate top, bottom and side clearance shall be provided.
7.7.4 Removable hand rails are required (2.4m on centerline) on platforms where they may
interfere with the bundle or bundle puller.
7.7.5 CNRL Maintenance shall be contacted for clearance and bundle puller dimensions.
7.8 Sufficient access and clearance shall be provided at the plate and frame exchangers for the
replacement of entire plate packs.
7.9 For pumps or equipment which are maintained in an offsite workshop, provisions shall be
provided for lifting facilities or access for mobile lifting equipment. Sufficient access for bolt
tensioning shall be provided.
7.10 Removable spools NPS 24 and larger, for equipment isolation, shall be provided with lifting lugs.
Where insulated, lugs shall project outside of the insulation.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 10 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

7.11 For rotating equipment located inside buildings or shelters, lifting facilities, such as an overhead
crane or monorail with moving carriage, shall be provided. The lifting arrangement shall be sized
for the maximum maintenance weight. Removal of roof panels for the purpose of normal
maintenance is not acceptable.
8.0 CLEARANCES
8.1 Minimum clearances for equipment structures, platforms and supports shall be in accordance
with the following table:

Item Description Clearance

(mm)
Roads Headroom for primary access roads (from the crown) 6400
Width of primary access roads excluding 2m shoulders 7400
Headroom for secondary roads (from the crown) 5000
Width of secondary roads excluding 1m shoulders 4000
Clearance from edge of road shoulders to platforms, equipment,
5000
pipe associated with equipment, or similar features
Horizontal clearance for equipment maintenance by hydraulic
3000
crane (12 t capacity)
Vertical clearance for equipment maintenance by hydraulic
4500
crane (12 t capacity)
Horizontal clearance for fork lift (2500 kg capacity) and similar
2000
equipment
Maintenance
aisleways at Vertical clearance for fork lift (2500 kg capacity) and similar
2400
grade equipment
Horizontal clearance for equipment maintenance by portable
manual equipment (a-frames, hand trucks, dollies or similar 1000
equipment)
Vertical clearance for equipment maintenance by portable
manual equipment (a-frames, hand trucks, dollies or similar 2400
equipment)
Horizontal clearance (not necessarily in a straight line) 760
Headroom (except for hand wheels) 2200
Walkways & Minimum width 1200
platforms Minimum clearance around any platform obstruction 450
Maximum vertical distance between platforms (vertical
9000
equipment or vessels)
Minimum maintenance space required between flanges of
600
exchangers or other equipment arranged in pairs
Equipment Minimum maintenance space required for structural member or
500
pipe
Clearance from edge of road shoulder (the extreme projection) 1500
Clearance between the outside diameter of flange and the
Pipe 25
outside diameter of pipe insulation
(above
ground) Clearance between the outside diameter of pipe, flange or
50
insulation and structural member

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 11 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.0 SPECIFIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Pumps
9.1.1 Pumps shall not be located in pits, except for sump pumps.
9.1.2 Pumps shall be located close to the equipment from which they take suction, except in
instances where NPSH is an issue.
9.1.3 Pumps shall not be located under pipeways.
9.1.4 Install eccentric reducers with the flat side up for pump suction connections, with the
exception of slurry applications where the flat side should be on the bottom, or concentric
reducers shall be used.
9.1.5 Supports or anchors shall be provided for piping so that the associated weight and
thermal stresses are not applied to the pump casings. Design consideration shall be
given to the piping configuration to minimize these stresses.
9.1.6 Piping shall be laid to provide clearance for pump or driver removal without major pipe
disassembly and shall permit removing suction cover and pump impeller while the suction
and discharge valves are in place.
9.1.7 Adequate arrangements shall be made to ensure that pumps can be drained and purged.
9.1.8 Block valves shall be placed as close to pump nozzle connections as practically possible.
Orient valve hand wheels or handles so they will not interfere with pump maintenance or
motor removal. Valve hand wheels or handles shall be readily operable from grade or
platform.
9.1.9 Check valves shall be installed on the discharge side of pumps where the liquid head
and/or pressure may cause reversal of rotation or flow. Slurry pumps are exempt from
this requirement.
9.1.10 Conical type temporary strainers shall be provided at all pump suctions unless permanent
strainers are provided.
9.1.11 Pump suction lines shall be as short as possible and shall slope down from the
equipment to the pump. Suction lines routed on sleeper may rise to the suction nozzle
elevation, subject to the approval by CNRL process engineer.
9.1.12 Piping shall meet the pumps specific installation design requirements in API RP 686.
9.2 Heat Exchangers
9.2.1 Piping shall be arranged to prevent formation of vapor locks in heat exchangers.
9.2.2 Limit stacked shell and tube exchangers to two shells high in similar service; however,
the top exchanger shall not exceed a centerline elevation of 5.5 m above high point of
finished surface, unless mounted in a structure.
9.2.3 Normally locate air coolers above pipeways. A door and loading platform shall be
designed into air cooler structures and sufficient access shall be provided for removal or
replacement of the tube bundles, fans, and drivers.
9.2.4 Keep channel end and shell covers clear of obstructions such as piping and structural
members to allow unbolting of exchanger flanges, and removal of heads and tube
bundles. Use breakout spools where required. Permanent supports shall be used to
minimize disassembly of piping for exchanger maintenance.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 12 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.2.5 Drain and vent valves shall be provided for complete draining and purging of each
isolated exchanger, cooler, condenser and reboiler section. These valves shall be a
minimum of NPS 1.
9.2.6 Locate reboilers as close as possible to the equipment they serve.
9.2.7 Exchangers shall be grouped together wherever possible.
9.2.8 The design of exchangers that utilize dirty water on the cooling side shall allow back
flushing of the exchanger in situ.
9.3 Vessels and Columns
9.3.1 Wherever possible, locate piping at columns radially about the columns on the pipeway
side; locate manway and platforms on the access side. Maintenance access should be
on or about a common centerline to make use of a common lifting device or davit.
9.3.2 Valves and flanges shall not be located inside the vessel skirt.
9.3.3 Valve vents, drains and utility connections around vessels and columns shall be arranged
to prevent unintentional operation and undetected leakage.
9.3.4 Drain piping and valves shall be of the same size as the vessel drain connection.
9.3.5 Position platforms so the centerline of maintenance accesses is no less than 610 mm
above the platform, with 760 mm preferred. The bottom of the maintenance access entry
shall not be more than 1m above the platform.
9.3.6 Provide vessel davits for handling items such as internals and relief valves on vessels
exceeding a height of 9 m above the high point of the finished surface, and on vessels
not accessible by mobile crane. Orient davits to allow the lowering of appurtenances into
the access area.
9.3.7 Wherever possible, orient level instruments on horizontal vessels on the side toward the
pipeway. All level instruments should be accessible from grade or by platforms.
9.3.8 Blanking locations on columns shall be provided with a platform for access. The platform
shall extend to both sides of the flange to allow worker access to bolting.
9.4 Compressors
9.4.1 Suction and discharge piping for reciprocating compressors shall be run on supports near
grade and securely clamped to reduce vibration.
9.4.2 Supports shall be designed for piping around reciprocating compressors without causing
excessive local stresses in the pipe and without imposing excessive axial or lateral
friction forces that might preclude the desired freedom of movement.
9.4.3 Non-welded attachments, such as pipe clamps and ring girders, are preferred where they
will fulfill the supporting or anchoring function. Where welded attachments are required
for pipe designed to operate at stress levels above 50% of the specified minimum yield
strength of the pipe, such attachments shall be welded to a separate cylindrical member
that completely encircles the pipe and such encircling member shall be welded to the
pipe by continuous circumferential welds.
9.4.4 For wet gas or gas at dew point conditions, compressor suction piping must be designed
to avoid liquids at the compressor inlet. Consideration shall be given to inclusion of
suitable scrubbers, heat tracing at suction headers, providing scrubber drains and
avoiding suction from the bottom of the scrubber.
9.4.5 No cast iron valves shall be used on compressor process piping.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 13 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.4.6 Crank case vents, distance piece vents, instrument gas vents and starting motor
exhausts shall be piped to the outside of the compressor building. Lube oil and distance
piece drain lines shall be piped to a spent oil collection tank.
9.4.7 The piping drawings shall indicate the limits to which compressor suction piping is subject
to special internal cleaning requirements. Temporary screens or strainers shall be
provided.
9.4.8 A manual blow down valve connected to flare shall be provided downstream of the
discharge check valve and upstream of the discharge block valve.
9.4.9 Process and auxiliary piping shall be routed such that easy access is provided to the
compressor and driver for operation and maintenance.
9.4.10 Removable spool pieces shall be provided at compressors where needed to permit
maintenance without major piping disassembly.
9.4.11 Piping shall meet the compressor specific installation design requirements in API RP 686.
9.4.12 Where compressor lube and seal units are located below the compressor, they shall be
offset from the compressor.
9.5 Fired Equipment
9.5.1 Locate snuffing steam manifolds and fuel gas shutoff valves a minimum of 15 m
horizontally from the heater they protect.
9.5.2 Terminate heater stacks a minimum of 5 m above any platform within a radius of 15 m.
9.5.3 Pressure relief doors and tube access doors shall be free from obstructions. Orient
pressure relief doors so as not to blow into adjacent equipment.
9.5.4 Access shall be provided at burner observation ports, process piping instrument
connections, stack instruments and tube observation doors.
9.5.5 Clearance under heaters shall be 2 m above high point of finished grade when operating
access is required.
9.5.6 Prevailing winds should be considered. Vessels, pumps, compressors and other
equipment handling light hydrocarbons shall be located downwind of fired equipment to
minimize vapours that may be carried towards open fires.
9.5.7 Grading under furnaces shall be sloped on one side to direct spills to a suitable drain
point.
9.6 Tanks
9.6.1 Provision shall be made to relieve pressure from thermal expansion or loading
operations. Packing/protecting covers on pressure relieving devices shall be removed
after installation to prevent choke-up.
9.6.2 Piping extraneous to the tanks shall not be located within a firewall.
9.6.3 Where a pipe is routed through an earth firewall the pipe shall be coated and wrapped.
Where the firewall is concrete, the pipe shall be sleeved and sealed.
9.6.4 Pumps associated with tankage operations shall be grouped together outside the firewall.
9.6.5 Tanks shall be spaced in accordance with the Horizon Oil Sands Standard, 00-STD-
PSFP-0001.
9.6.6 Piping shall be designed to ensure sufficient flexibility to provide for settlement of tanks
relative to pipe supports or anchors and differential settlement between tanks.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 14 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.6.7 Block valves at tanks shall be steel. Other valves shall be installed in accordance with
P&IDs and line classifications.
9.7 Instruments
9.7.1 Locate liquid level transmitters, controllers and level glasses so as to be accessible from
grade, or platform. The level glass shall be readable from grade wherever practical.
9.7.2 Provide control, block, and bypass valve sizes as per P&IDs. Control valves shall be
accessible from grade or platforms.
9.7.3 All control valves NPS 2 and larger shall be flanged.
9.7.4 Control valve bypass valves shall be globe type and sized for a capacity at least equal to
the capacity of the control valve.
9.7.5 Block valves around control valves shall be line size flanged gate valves. If the control
valve is two or more line sizes smaller than the line, it is permissible to use block valves
one pipe size smaller than the line size.
9.7.6 All control valves shall have a NPS 1 gate valve drain located both upstream and
downstream of the control valve. These drain valves shall be located in the mainline prior
to any line size reducer. The drain valves shall have screwed plugs inserted.
9.7.7 Sufficient clearance on the axis of the control valve stem shall be provided, in all cases,
to permit removal of the super-structure and plug without removing the valve body from
the line. In no case should clearance below or above the valve assembly be less than
250 mm.
9.7.8 Eccentric reducers ahead of control valves shall be installed with the flat (straight) side on
the bottom. No reducers or other restrictions having a cross sectional area less than the
total maximum port area of the control valve shall be used in the control valve manifold.
9.7.9 Control valves where vaporization occurs shall be placed as close as practical to the
destination of the stream.
9.7.10 Orifice runs should preferably be located in the horizontal. Vertical orifice runs may be
used by exception only.
9.7.11 Orifice taps shall be located as follows:
9.7.11.1 Air and Gas [Top vertical centerline (preferred)] [45° above horizontal
centerline (alternative)]
9.7.11.2 Liquid and Steam [Horizontal centerline (preferred)] [45° below horizontal
centerline (alternative)]
9.7.11.3 The piping isometrics details shall show the required tap orientations; taps to
be top vertical for slurry service.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 15 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.8 Temperature and Pressure Instruments

9.8.1 In general, local pressure indicators shall not be installed on piping in hydrocarbon
service within the Upgrading Facility. Valved pressure gauge taps (with plugs) shall be
installed where appropriate for the connection of calibrated pressure gauges.
Within the Bitumen Production Facility, local valved pressure gauge taps (with plugs)
should in general be installed on each pump suction and discharge line of series pumping
arrangements, as well as on gland water systems of main slurry pumps. Main water lines
entering OPP buildings and water sparge pipes entering rotating breakers should also be
fitted with local valved pressure gauge taps (with plugs) at appropriate locations.
Remote utility pumps should be fitted with local valved pressure gauges on the pump
suction and discharge lines.
9.8.2 Temperature indicators shall be visible from grade, ladder, or platform.
9.8.3 All Local pressure indicators shall be visible and accessible from grade, permanent
ladder, or platform.
9.9 Vents, Drains, and Sample Connections
9.9.1 Vent and drain connections shall be supplied at all high and low points. Specific process
designs and conditions may dictate the vent and drain parameters, however, they shall
be a minimum size of NPS 1 at a minimum of 300 mm above grade. For Bitumen
Production, the minimum drain size shall be NPS 3 .
9.9.2 Vent and drain connections shall be provided with valves where required for operation,
(e.g., vessels, pumps). Connections not normally used shall be plugged or blind flanged.
Adequately designed floor drainage shall be provided.
9.9.3 Sample connections shall be provided where required to evaluate process performance.
Specific locations shall be reviewed and approved by the Company. Minimum length is
required for sample piping.
9.9.4 All operating chemical drains connected to closed systems only shall be double blocked
and bleed (e.g. sweetening chemical, glycol, propane, etc.).
9.9.5 Sample connections shall be readily accessible from grade or a platform. Samples that
require cooling on the P&IDs, require a sample cooler.
9.9.6 In general, where liquid samples are taken in a bottle, locate the sample outlet above a
drain funnel to permit free running of the liquid before sampling.
9.9.7 Vapor sample connections shall have a permanent internal probe extending to the pipe
centerline, or 150 mm inside the pipe for lines NPS 14” and larger. The end of the probe
should have a 45° bevel, with the bevel facing upstream.
9.9.8 The P&IDs shall indicate all-valved, capped or flanged vents, drains and bleeds required
for plant operation.
9.10 Valves
9.10.1 All valves should be as indicated on the P&IDs. Spectacle blinds or drop out spools
should be used on lines that require equipment to be isolated on an infrequent basis, i.e.
less than once a year. Valves shall be in accordance with the Horizon Oil Sands
Standard 00-STD-PI-0002. All ball valves used in hydrocarbon service or inside process
buildings must be as per specification.
9.10.2 Valves and actuators used during normal operations should be located at grade level or
adjacent to a permanent platform.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 16 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.10.3 In general, keep valve hand wheels, handles, and stems out of the operating aisles.
9.10.4 Valves shall NOT be installed in overhead product outlets from vessels or where the cold
side of heat exchangers could be trapped full of liquid, unless absolutely required by
operation. Block valves, when required, shall be installed at nozzles of pressure vessels
or in lines connected to nozzles to permit operation of valves from grade or a platform.
Equipment shall be capable of being isolated if:
9.10.4.1 Operations can continue without it, or
9.10.4.2 De-pressurization of associated facilities will delay essential maintenance on
the equipment.
9.10.5 All blinding positions or other means of isolation, such as removable spool pieces which
require access during routine operation, shall be accessible without scaffolding. This
includes blinds/blanks which require swinging during normal start-up or shutdown
operations or other irregular but routine operations. Spectacle blinds/blanks shall be
provided at all blinding locations where piping cannot be sprung.
9.10.6 Open ended valves shall be fitted with blind flanges or threaded plugs.
9.10.7 Valve operation method shall be as stated in the Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-PI-
0002.
9.10.8 All valves shall have sufficient clearance to facilitate removal of the bonnet and internals,
where applicable.
9.10.9 Upon the approval of CNRL Engineering, extension stems may be used for easy valve
operations.
9.11 Underground Piping
9.11.1 The number of buried lines shall be kept to a minimum. Where it is necessary to bury
lines, they shall be protected from external corrosion by a Cathodic Protection System
and/or an appropriate coating approved by CNRL and inspected to ensure “holiday free”
integrity.
9.11.2 Underground pressure piping shall be in accordance with the Horizon Oil Sands Standard
00-STD-PI-0003. Underground fire water system design shall be in accordance with the
Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-PI-0006.
9.11.3 Lines with an operating temperature above 70 C shall not be buried without prior written
approval from CNRL.
9.11.4 Lines shall not be run underground inside tank firewalls.
9.11.5 Flanged or threaded connections shall not be buried. When burial of such piping is
unavoidable, connection preparation methods must be reviewed and approved by CNRL
Engineer. All buried joints shall be welded, cleaned and wrapped in accordance with
Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-PI-0013.
9.11.6 Underground piping shall have a minimum size of NPS 2.
9.11.7 Process lines running under roads shall be placed in concrete trenches equipped with
trench drains or cased and vented, as applicable. Uncased crossings are not permitted
unless they can be shown to comply with all applicable regulatory and Code
requirements and are approved in writing by CNRL.
9.11.8 It is preferred that lines run parallel to roads. The number of road crossings should be
minimized.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 17 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.11.9 Below grade piping inside buildings shall be placed in concrete trenches covered with
open grating with trench drains to the drain system. All such drains shall be equipped
with P-traps. Firewalls shall be provided where required. For installations where solid
trench covers may be required instead of open gratings, such installations shall be
adequately sealed, drained and vented.
9.11.10 Lines shall not be routed under foundations without authorization from CNRL
Engineering.
9.11.11 Burial depth for lines susceptible to freezing shall have minimum cover from top of pipe to
finished grade at least equal to the frost line (3.7 m). For lines not susceptible to freezing,
minimum burial depth for mechanical protection shall be 1.2 m. Fire protection lines depth
shall be per NFPA 24.
9.11.12 Blanking locations on underground lines shall be provided with a suitable entry space.
9.12 Relieving Systems
9.12.1 Flare or vent systems shall include an above ground drain tank or knock-out pot in all
services. All lines upstream of the liquid collection vessel shall drain towards it and all
lines downstream shall drain back to it.
9.12.2 Drain tanks and knock out pots shall be insulated where necessary and equipped with
heat tracing or internal heating coils to prevent freeze-up of collected fluids prior to clean
out.
9.12.3 Flare stacks shall include a pilot flame with an automatic igniter or other form of ignition
system approved in writing by the Company. When specified by the Company, a flame
arrestor shall be installed as close to the flare stack as possible. Flame arrestors shall be
heat traced and insulated to ensure that blockage of the flare system due to freeze up will
not occur. Where a flame arrestor is not installed a continuous gas purge must be applied
to the flare system to ensure that air may not migrate down the flare stack and into the
flare system piping.
9.12.4 Flare and Vent system design shall meet all other recommendations included in API RP
520, Recommended Practice for the Design and Installation of Pressure Relieving
Systems in Refineries. All deviations from API RP 520 must be approved in writing by the
Company.
9.12.5 Purge gas connections shall be provided at the upstream end of the headers.
9.12.6 Relief valves shall be accessible. Wherever feasible, locate them at platforms that are
designed for other purposes.
9.12.7 Install thermal relief valves, NPS 1” and smaller inlet, in a horizontal position when it is
impractical to install in the vertical position. Install relief valves NPS 1-1/2 and larger inlet
in a vertical position.
9.12.8 Normally, install relief valves that discharge to a closed system higher than the collection
header. There shall be no pockets in the discharge line.
9.12.9 Relief valves that discharge to the atmosphere shall have tail pipes extended to a
minimum of 4.5 m above the nearest operating platform that is within a radius of 15 m.
This requirement may be waived, provided a review of the proposed arrangement
indicates that it does not present a hazard.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 18 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.12.10 Relief valves discharging hydrocarbon vapours to the atmosphere within 30 m of fired
equipment are not permitted.
9.12.11 Each Relief valve shall have a separate connection to the line or vessel protected (i.e.
manifolding of PSV inlets is not permitted).
9.12.12 The size of the inlet line shall not be less than the size of the relief valve inlet.
9.12.13 The length of the inlet piping on a relief valve shall be kept to a minimum.
9.12.14 Where a block valve is installed to permit removal of a relief valve during unit operation it
shall be located immediately below the relief valve. All upstream or downstream block
valve handwheels must be located horizontally.
9.12.15 Any pressure relief valve discharging to a closed system shall be installed so that the
discharge piping slopes away from the relief valve, into the header.
9.12.16 At no time shall a branch connection be made into the bottom of a relief header. Branch
connections preferably should be made to the top of the header and only to the side of a
header where the possibility of liquids flowing from the header to the branch is small.
9.12.17 Any block valves installed on relieving systems shall be full port and shall be car sealed
open.
9.12.18 Adequate supporting must be provided to compensate for sudden opening of relief
valves.
9.12.19 Relief systems for B31.1 Boiler external piping shall be designed as per ASME Section 1
requirements.
9.13 Insulated Piping, Thermal Tracing
Insulation shall be in accordance with the applicable Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-MW-
0045.
9.14 Utility Piping and Stations
9.14.1 Hose stations for steam, water, nitrogen and air shall be located so that areas to be
served at grade, on elevated structures and in buildings can be reached with a 15 m
hose.
9.14.2 Hose stations shall have NPS 1 connections and shall be equipped with gate or globe
valves. Hose connections to be supplied by owner (CNRL).
9.14.3 The minimum size of utility pipe in pipeways shall be NPS 2.
9.14.4 Utility stations shall be clearly marked as for which service fluid is provided. Alternative
connection methods shall be provided for air, water, and steam.
9.14.5 Utility stations shall be installed in such a manner so that they may remain in operation
during a unit shutdown.
9.14.6 Provide water outlets at grade only in pump areas and near equipment that shall be water
washed during maintenance.
9.14.7 Provide steam outlets at grade level only or in areas subject to product spills and near
equipment that requires steaming out during maintenance.
9.14.8 Provide air outlets in areas where air driven tools are used such as at exchangers, both
ends of heaters, compressor areas, top platform of reactors and on columns, so that
each manway to be served is within a reach of 15 m.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 19 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

9.15 Steam and Condensate Piping

9.15.1 All steam systems shall be designed for full vacuum.
9.15.2 Steam piping shall be designed for complete condensate removal. Drip legs shall be
provided on all steam lines at all pocketed low points and dead ends including steam
headers.
9.15.3 Steam traps shall be provided at pocketed low points, drip legs, and dead ends of steam
headers. Also provide steam traps on excessively long runs of steam piping.
9.15.4 The discharge of steam traps shall be routed to a lower pressure steam or condensate
system. Discharge may be to ground if routed to a location to prevent ice build-up.
9.15.5 Branch connections for steam piping shall be made from the top of the headers.
9.15.6 Block valves shall be installed in the horizontal run of each branch line or group of
common users.
9.15.7 If steam is available, provide steam out connections at vessels and pipelines containing
hydrocarbons or hazardous fluids. Steam out connection shall not be less than NPS 1.
9.16 Personnel Protection
9.16.1 Eyewash stations and emergency showers shall be provided in areas where operating
personnel are subject to hazardous sprays or spills as shown on the P&IDs.
9.16.2 Provide personnel protection at uninsulated lines and for equipment operating above
60ºC (140F) when they constitute a hazard to the operators during the normal operating
routine. Lines that are infrequently used, such as snuffing steam and relief valve
discharges, do not require protective shields or coverings.
9.17 Module Piping
9.17.1 The length of module piping overhang shall be less than or equal to 3.5 meters. Where
this is not practical, additional piles and columns shall be provided.
10.0 DESIGN AND DRAWING PRACTICES
10.1 Types of Piping Documents
10.1.1 Piping isometrics: 11 in by 17 in drawings of individual lines, or portions of lines, complete
with all information required for fabrication and installation. Provide isometrics for all pipe
in all sizes except tubing to expedite the fabrication and installation of pipe. The isometric
drawing number is derived from the line number.
10.1.2 Heat tracing schedules and details shall indicate the extent, size, routing, and tracing
material.
10.1.3 Pipeline markings shall be shown on the piping drawings by symbols and letters adjacent
to the line and shall be repeated sufficiently to clearly designate the line. Each line shall
be designated to indicate the line size in inches (NPS), originating area number, line
class, line service code, and running serial number per the pipe
10.1.4 Line Designation Table (LDT) shall indicate line test pressure, test medium and other
supporting data. These documents shall be issued to Field Construction for pressure
testing.
10.1.5 Piping stress analysis shall be as per Horizon Oil Sands Standard 00-STD-PI-0015.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 20 of 23
 STANDARD: 00-STD-PI-0007

Piping Design and Layout

Revision: 7

11.0 EXCEPTIONS AND EXEMPTIONS

There are no exceptions and exemptions.

00-FM-IM-0039_r3 Page 21 of 23
 00-STD-PI-0007
PIPING DESIGN AND LAYOUT

APPENDIX A
TYPICAL DETAIL FOR UTILITY STATION WITH MIXING VALVE