WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #1

RISE OF HITLER & THE NAZI PARTY

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THE RISE OF DICTATORSHIPS [Page 92]
• Many European economies did not ____________ from World War I.
• Some believed that __________________________ was the only solution to their suffering. Others
believed a strong ________________________ was needed to restore order.
• Soviet Union: ______________________ took over as the leader of the Communist Party after the
death of Lenin in 1924. The Soviet Union became a _______________________ state, with every aspect
of people’s lives controlled by the government.
• Italy: _____________________________ (Il Duce) came into power in 1922. He created a __________
government.
• Fascist governments, like communist governments, believe in government control of most areas of life,
including the economy and rely on _______________ /______________ power to maintain control.
• Fascist governments also typically control all ____________________ and use
______________________ to promote the ideas of the states.

GERMANY AFTER THE WAR [Page 92]
• After the war, Germans were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles.
o They did not like being blamed for _____________[War Guilt Clause]
o They did not like that they lost a lot of ________________after WWI.
o Their economy had been ruined and the German money was __________________.
o To control German inflation, Britain, France and the US agreed to give them better terms for the
_______________________ payments. However Germans were still angry and unhappy.

HITLER COMES TO POWER [Page 93]
• Hitler and the _______________________ (influenced by Fascist Italy) began gaining support in 1923 by
criticizing the weak German government. However they were yet to achieve great popularity.
• When the Great Depression in 1929 hit, Germany was devastated. In this desperate situation, more
Germans were willing to support a more radical leader such as Hitler.
• Hitler provided scapegoats for the German’s frustrations, blaming their current trouble on the 4 major
groups:
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• _____________________________
• By January 1933 Hitler was made Chancellor by Paul Von Hindenburg, President of the German
Republic. From here, Hitler began to increase his power.

HITLER IN POWER
• The Nazi government stopped reparation payments and began to expand its
___________________[military]
• Hitler poured money into ______________________ and the economy began to improve.
• Nazis ____________________ all other political parties and banned trade unions
• Hitler became known as der Fuhrer (the Leader).
• The Nazis united Germans by emphasizing __________ ideas, proclaiming that Germans were the
“master race” of the Aryan (white, blond haired, blue eyed Northern Europeans.)


 WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #2
RETURNING TO WAR
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FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS [Page 94]
• In 1931, Japan invaded the Chinese “Manchuria”. China complained to the
_________________________ who tried to negotiate with Japan, however Japan simply withdrew from
the League. Ineffective response.
• Spring 1935, Italy attacked Abyssinia (now known as Ethiopia) and the League of Nations imposed
____________________________ against Italy. Ineffective response.

GERMANY ON THE OFFENSIVE & THE POLICY OF APPEASEMENT [Page 94]

SCRAMCUP: SAAR PLEBISCITE
• The Treaty of Versailles had put the ________ under the control of the League of Nations for 15 years.
The Saar had many resources, many factories, and good transportation
• The large majority of people in the Saar were of ___________ descent
• At the end of the 15 year period the inhabitants of the Saar voted to ______________ to
Germany. Many historians see this as the first step to war.
SCRAMCUP: CONSCRIPTION
• Hitler began to build up his armed forces. Starting in 1933, he began building up his air force, and his
army.
SCRAMCUP: RHINELAND
• In 1936, Hitler ordered his troops into the __________________, but was not punished by the League of
Nations
• No one was willing to fight another war so they were willing to tolerate Hitler’s actions to maintain
peace. This only encouraged him further.
SCRAMCUP: AUSTRIA
• In March 1938, Hitler took over Austria and reunited Germany
and Austria [_________________]
SCRAMPCUP: MUNICH CONFERENCE
• In September 1938, at the Munich Conference, Britain and
France agreed to allow Germany to take over the
___________________ in Czechoslovakia. Hitler pledged
[promised] it would be his last territorial claim.
SCRAMCUP: CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• March 1939 – Hitler took over the rest of
________________________ despite his pledge [promise]
SCRAMCUP: USSR/NAZI PACT
• August 1939 – Hitler made a pact with _________________,
leader of the Soviet Union. They vowed [promised] to not fight
each other in the case of war and agreed to take over and
share the land of ____________________ between the two of
them.
SCRAMCUP: POLAND
• September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland, wanting to take
back an area that had been taken away in the Treaty of Versailles.
• Britain and France ordered Germany out of Poland by September 3rd, 1939. Germany ignored this
deadline and so England declared war once more. The _______________________had begun.

 WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #3
CANADA’S RESPONSE TO WAR
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CANADA DECLARES WAR
• In 1938, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain thought he had avoided war by signing the ________________
______ (gave Hitler the _______________________, a German
speaking part of ______________________ as his final conquest)
• Hitler ignored the terms and took over the rest of Czechoslovakia; war seemed inevitable. Then Hitler invaded
________.
• After Britain and France declared war on Germany, King decided to call a special session of Parliament to decide
Canada’s response. Only the CCF was against the war, and so on September 10, ___________, Canada declared
war on Germany.

THE POPULATION REACTS
• The population was _______________________ compared to WWI, but nevertheless 58 330 Canadians
volunteered.

THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AIR TRAINING PLAN
• Canada wanted to try and contribute the war as much as possible _______________ their country. By providing
supplies and other needs, they could avoid ________________ to Europe. Mackenzie King wanted to avoid
__________________.
• In December 1939, Canada agreed to host/administer a ______________________ for _____________ and other
flight personnel. ___________________ were built in the prairies, and old planes were repaired as practice planes,
and British instructors led courses.
• The _______________ trained more than 130,000 pilots, navigators, flight engineers, and ground staff.
• The total cost of the program was 2.2 Billion. Canada paid more than 70% of this.

TOTAL WAR
• In April 1940, the government established the Department of Munitions and Supplies, with _____________as its m
inister
• Howe could do whatever he wanted. He was a direct, impatient, and convinced business leader to manufacture
products they’d never manufactured before.
• If the ________________________ [private businesses] could not complete the job in the way that he wanted, he
would create _____________________________ to do the job. Even farmers were told to produce more wheat
and vegetables.
• CD Howe and the Department of Munitions and Supplies are good example of _________________. Canada and
Canadians were willing to do more than fighting to defeat the enemy. They were willing to do “whatever it took”
to defeat the enemy.

CANADA’S WARTIME ECONOMY
• With so much increased production and employment, suddenly people had more _____________to spend
(remember, we were in the middle of a bad depression).
• However, there were ____________/____________ goods to buy, because so many of the things that were being
made were being shipped to ______________ to help the war.
• Mackenzie King wanted to avoid __________________, and he wanted to encourage Canadians to save and
prevent the debt problems that Canada had to deal with after WWI.
• To meet these concerns, he encouraged Canadians to buy ___________________ (similar to WWI). Victory Bonds
helped Canadians save, and provided money to the government to help the war effort. __________________
were also increased (similar to WWI).
• Food Rationing: In 1942, Mackenzie King introduced food ___________________, which meant Canadians were
allowed only a limited amount of certain goods per week.






WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #4
AT SEA AND IN THE AIR
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CANADIANS AT SEA
• The _________________________ was the name for the fight over control of the Atlantic Ocean. Just
like WWI, the Atlantic was an important area, as countries such as Canada sent weapons, food, and
supplies to Britain and Europe on ___________.
• When WWII started, the _____________________________ [RCN] was unprepared. It didn’t have
enough ships, or trained sailors.
• By 1941, the Battle of Atlantic was in full force. “__________________,” groups of German
______________ were sinking many Allied ______________________ ships. Germany was trying to
______________ Britain by cutting off vital/important shipping routes to Europe.
• In order to protect supply ships from being sunk by the German submarine torpedoes, Allies sailed in
_________________, with warships escorting vessels carrying important supplies and protecting them.
• While this was somewhat effective, it did not stop the submarine attacks completely, and millions of
tonnes of cargo were sunk, and hundreds of ships destroyed. It looked like the Allies might not win the
Battle of the Atlantic.
• However, by May 1942, the British had cracked the German ____________________ so they could
know where German submarines were.
• Moreover, navy personnel were getting better training and equipment. As well, the Allies were simply
able to build such a ____________number of ships that they could continue to supply Europe.
• Finally, long-range ___________________ could fly far from British and Canadian airfields to protect
the ships over the ocean.
• The Canadian navy grew a lot during the war, and provided nearly ________of the escorts across the
Atlantic.

CANADIANS IN THE AIR
• The Royal Canadian _____________________[RCAF] also grew after the war began.
• They participated in bombing raids in Britain, North Africa, Italy, Northwest Europe and Southeast Asia.
• One of the most controversial missions they participated in was the _____________________ over
Germany.
• In the middle of 1943, the Allies started bombing German ____________________ night after night
while US bombers attacked during the day.
• Cities such as Hamburg were bombed night and day. The bombs, plus strong winds, created a horrible
___________________________ which destroyed the city.
• Bombing missions were very dangerous, and nearly ___________________________ Canadians lost
their lives during their work in the RCAF.
• In 1941, the RCAF formed the Women’s Division to support the war effort.
• They were trained as clerks, cooks, assistants and rivers. Only later were they allowed to fly the planes.
However they were only allowed to ________________ planes to Europe. They were not allowed in
combat.
 WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #5
CHALLENGES AT HOME
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ECONOMIC CHANGES
• Canadian factories were producing more goods than ever before.
• Workers worked very long hours and women came in to take men’s places in the work force. Many workers,
especially single women, moved from ____________areas to ________________________ cities.
• With increased production and employment, people had more money but there were less goods to buy because
the products were being sent to Britain and Europe.
• When there’s too much money and not enough products/goods, prices rise [_______________________]
• King appointed James Ilsley (lawyer from Nova Scotia) to address potential inflation and debt. He encouraged
people to buy _____________________________. This helped a little, but inflation still occurred.
• 1942 – Prime Minister Mackenzie King introduced food ______________________, limiting the amount of goods
one could receive per week.
GROWING DEMAND FOR SOCIAL CHANGE
• To enable and continue production to support the war effort, the government tried to restrict _______________.
• Workers wanted higher wages and the right to bargain [negotiate].
• After the steel workers in Nova Scotia and coal miners in Alberta/BC went on strike, the government softened its
policy and allowed workers to join ________________.
• The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, a socialist political party began to become more popular. In 1943,
the CCF became the official opposition in the province of Ontario Legislative Assembly. In 1944, they became the
ruling party in the Manitoba Legislative Assembly.
• In 1940 Mackenzie King introduced the National Resources Mobilization Act. The NRM Act gave the government
special emergency powers to mobilize all the resources in the nation to defeat the enemy.
• Of course, this also meant possibly allowing ________________________. King held a plebiscite [poll], about the
issue of conscription in April 1942.
• All of the provinces and territories except Quebec voted in favor of conscription, and so King__________________
the act to allow conscription, but he did not conscript anyone right away. Despite this, _________________ was
angry.
• King did not conscript anyone until 1944, when Canada lost many soldiers during the invasion of Europe.
Replacements were needed. King tried to avoid the issue, but eventually he caved and conscripted soldiers.
• Not all soldiers went peacefully. There were ___________ in Montreal and conscripts from BC refused to leave
their province.

GENERAL SUMMARY: WHAT THE WAR MEANT TO CANADA
• The economy ______________________as the industrial production of Canada increased significantly.
• Canada provided support to the Allies __________________ and _________________________.

 WWII LIGHTNING LECTURE #6
MAJOR CANADIAN CONTRIBUTIONS
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DUNKIRK
• In May 1940, Germany rapidly advanced into France,
trapping Allied troops on the beaches of Dunkirk, next to
the English Channel. It was a disastrous start to the war.
• Under air and ground cover from British and French
forces, troops were slowly and methodically evacuated
from the beach using every naval and civilian vessel that
could be found.
• Through the use of fishing boats and pleasure crafts
330,000 French, British, Belgian and Dutch soldiers were
safely evacuated.

THE BATTLE FOR HONG KONG
• Canadian soldiers were first engaged in defending British
Colony of Hong Kong
o Japanese forces attacked the colony in December, 1941 completely overwhelming the outnumbered
Canadians and their allies.
o Nearly 2000 Canadians participated in the battle and suffered extremely high casualties:
§ 290 Canadian soldiers were killed / 500 were wounded / 264 died as Prisoners of War through
starvation and torture.

THE DIEPPE RAID

• The Dieppe Raid [August 19, 1942] - The Allies wanted to do a
small raid to test new __________________ and equipment. The
Dieppe Raid was a __________________.
• Ships were ________________, German soldiers were
________________ of the attack, and daylight allowed German
machine-gunners on surrounding cliffs to easily kill Canadians on
beaches. 907 Canadian casualties in 9 Hours.

THE INVASION OF ITALY
• Winston Churchill thought the best way to recapture Europe was
through “the _________________________ of Europe”: Italy and Sicily.
• Canadians helped the Allies invade ____________________ in 1943. After two weeks of fighting, the Allies won.
In September of the same year, they moved to the mainland where the muddy and rainy weather made advancing
difficult.
• On June 4, 1944, the Allies took Rome, but fighting in _____________ continued until spring of ______.

MAJOR TURNING POINT: OPERATION BARBAROSSA
• In spite of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, the Germans invaded _______________ in June 1941.
• Stalin appeared shocked and unprepared. The entire Soviet airforce and much of its army were destroyed or
captured within the first few weeks of fighting.
• The Russians retreated before the advancing Germans, burning their crops and destroying any supplies that the
Germans might have used. This was known as a “______________________________” policy.
• However…Soviet Russia had two allies that helped them fight back and eventually defeat the Germans: the huge
size of Russia and the Russian winter.
• Russia is ___________ and difficult to conquer: The Germans kept advancing, but there was always more land to
conquer.
• The Germans advanced too far ahead of their supply line: the Russians responded by attacking the German army
from the sides and from the rear, cutting off German supplies.
• Russian ______________ are bitterly cold: The Germans expected to conquer Russia before the winter time. They
were unprepared for the harsh conditions of winter and their equipment froze or was useless during this period.
 • The German soldiers began to starve as well as freeze, as the continued to Russians practice the tactic of
“scorched earth.”
• Germany lost most of its soldiers, supplies and resources fighting in Russia from 1941-44. Moreover, once the
British and Americans were able to invade France in 1944, the Germans had to fight a war “on 2 fronts.”
• By attacking Soviet Russia, Hitler pushed the Soviets to join with Britain and the USA, making the Allies (Germany’s
enemies) even more powerful.

MAJOR TURNING POINT: ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOUR [1941]
• The US Navy was the only real threat to the creation of a larger Japanese Empire in East Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
• The Japanese Attacked _____________________, a US naval base in Hawaii in the hopes of destroying the
American fleet. However, not all boats were in the harbour that day. Those that were at sea were spared.
• The attack failed to destroy the American fleet. What was worse for the Japanese and the rest of the Axis powers
was that the Americans then ____________________________ on Japan and its allies (Germany and Italy). This
brought the American military into World War II.


D-DAY AND LIBERATION OF THE NETHERLANDS
• June 6th, 1944 – D-
Day: the Allies launched “_________________________” –
a full-scale invasion of Europe.
• They learned from Dieppe and this time the invasion was
planned to the very last detail. Canadians were responsible
for taking the beach code-named “_____________”.
• On the morning of June 6th, over 30 000 Canadian soldiers
arrives at Juno beach and worked through the German
built
obstacles (concrete barrier, barbed wire) to get inland.
• German defense was poor as there had been a _________
__________ and they didn’t expect an attack.
• The Allies fought for weeks to get inland. They then began
an 11-month advance through France and Belgium, and finally into Germany.
• In March 1945, Allied forces attacked Germany. Canadians were given responsibility for liberating the
_______________________________.

THE ATOMIC BOMB - JAPAN SURRENDERS
• After the Allied victory in Europe, the war in the ________________ intensified (became more intense/fierce) .
• By mid 1945, most of the Japanese air force/navy was destroyed.
• Their army was still _______________ however, so the US decided to use an ______________bomb.
• ____________________________: a top-secret plan by US and British scientists in 1941 to develop a nuclear
bomb.
• On August 6th, 1945 a US bomber nicknamed the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb over _______________,
killing 70,000 residents.
• A second bomb was dropped on _________________ killing over 40,000 people. Japan realized they could not
withstand the power of nuclear bombs, and so they _____________________. The war was over.