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2017 2nd International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy

Control Strategy of Photovoltaic Generation Inverter Grid-Connected Operating


and Harmonic Elimination Hybrid System

XianyongXu,1 Lu Fang,2 Xianghu Xu,1 Xinjie Lu1


1
Hunan Electric Power Company Test and Research Institute Hunan Electric Power Company
2
Modern Engineering Training Center Hunan University
Changsha, Hunan Province, China
e-mail: 5xxy@163.com, 2001xxy@163.com, 1326209557@qq.com, 48059056@qq.com

Abstract—This paper proposes a three-phase three-wire with the development of science and technology, most of
photovoltaic generation inverter grid-connected operating and precision electronic instruments and digital electrical
harmonic elimination hybrid system. The hybrid system equipment are used in micro-grid and distribution system
mainly consists of photovoltaic array battery, photovoltaic with micro-grid. The reliability and power quality of micro-
output filter, three-phase voltage-type inverter, inverter output grid’s power supply are put forward higher requirements. In
filter and passive filters. Based on working principle and the micro-grid with photovoltaic generation as a source, due
working characteristics of the proposed hybrid system, the to the existence of intermittent nonlinear loads, in particular,
composite control strategy about active power, reactive power a static converter operating in a switching mode, and other
and harmonic suppression is proposed. The composite control
nonlinear loads such as electric arc furnace, welding machine,
strategy mainly consists of a single closed-loop control slip of
active power and reactive power, double closed-loop control
transformer, rotating motor and so on. Because of these
slip of harmonics. Simulation results show the correctly of this nonlinear loads, a large amount of reactive power is
paper’s contents, the hybrid system have an effective to consumed, the power factor of micro-grid is reduced, the
improve power factor, supply active power for loads and voltage and power loss are increased. At the same time, the
suppress harmonics of micro-grid. different frequency and amplitude harmonics in the micro-
grid are produced. It will cause the damage of the distributed
Keywords-micro grid; harmonic restraint; active power generation equipment. The harmonics pose great threat to the
control; reactive power control; photovoltaic generation security, stability and economic operation of micro-grid and
micro-grid distribution system.
I. INTRODUCTION At present, in the micro-grid and power distribution
Energy is important basic natural resource of human system with micro-grid, the active power is usually only
existence. As the most convenient form of energy, electricity provided to the grid by Photovoltaic power generation
is the lifeblood of the national economy. Distributed system. That is, the DC power of the PV array is converted
generation technology can help to make full use of the to the same phase and frequency AC power as the power grid,
abundant clean renewable energy [1] [2]. To provide users and to ensure that it has a high power factor. The special
with green power is an important way to realize the goal of capacitor is usually used for the load reactive power
energy saving in our country, and it is also an important way compensation. Active Power Filter and passive filter are
to solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental usually added to control the harmonics in micro-grid. This
pollution [3]-[6]. will increase the investment of power system, so that the
Combining the micro-grid based on distributed structure of power grid is complicated. At the same time,
generation power supply with large power grid, it is not only new power quality problems are brought by the additional
help to improve the power quality of micro-grid, also equipment.
contribute to widely popularize and use the technology of Aiming at the shortages and problems of active power,
micro-grid, but also help to prevent large area blackout, reactive power and harmonic control technology in micro-
improve the safety and reliability of power system, enhance grid, a three-phase three-wire photovoltaic generation
the ability of the power grid to withstand natural disasters. It inverter grid-connected operating and harmonic elimination
has a great practical significance for national security and hybrid system is proposed in this paper. The hybrid system
power grid [7][8]. mainly consists of photovoltaic array battery, photovoltaic
Considering many factors of micro-grid’s energy supply, output filter, three-phase voltage-type inverter, inverter
solar energy is an ideal green energy for sustainable output filter and passive filters. The proposed hybrid system
development strategy in china. At the same time, global can realize the real-time and dynamic control of the
energy experts believe that the solar energy will become one harmonics, active and reactive power in the micro-grid.
of the most important energy in future. Photovoltaic power Based on working principle and working characteristics of
generation system has a large proportion in micro-grid and the proposed hybrid system, the composite control strategy
distribution system with micro-grid [9-10]. At the same time, about active power, reactive power and harmonic
suppression is proposed. The composite control strategy

978-1-5386-2156-1/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 


mainly consists of a single closed-loop control slip of active the harmonic in power grid and the reactive power of the
power and reactive power, double closed-loop control slip of nonlinear load.
harmonics. Simulation results show the correctly of this
paper’s contents, the hybrid system have an effective to III. CONTROL STRATEGY OF THE PROPOSED HYBRID
improve power factor, supply active power for loads and SYSTEM
suppress harmonics of micro-grid. As shown in Fig. 2, when the photovoltaic generation
system is in island operating mode, the switch K3 is turned to
II. SYSTEM STRUCTURE left and switch K4 is turned to upside in this control diagram.
As shown in Fig. 1, the micro grid photovoltaic According to the output voltage upv and current signal ipv of
generation inverter Grid-Connected operating and harmonic Photovoltaic array batteries, the DC side voltage Ve can be
elimination integrate device is mainly composed of
calculated by using maximum power point tracking control
Photovoltaic array batteries, Photovoltaic output filter, three
phase voltage source inverter (VSI), output filter and passive method (MPPT), and then the Ve is sent to the first normal PI
power filters. Photovoltaic array batteries are connected to controller to get the current signal i*d of the d-axis. Its
the inverter DC Bus Capacitor through two diodes D1 and D2. discrete control expression is shown as follows:
DC side bus filter formed by Lf and Cf makes the DC side
voltage more stable and smooth. Photovoltaic array batteries id (k ) id (k  1)  k p1[Ve (k )  Ve (k  1)]  k i1[Ve (k )] (1)
can be connected to DC side capacitor by the K1. The three
phase voltage source inverter is shunted to the power grid The error 'id of the feedback current id and its reference
through the filter composed by L4 and C4. The capacitor C3,
inductor L3 and the capacitor C2, inductor L2 are series current i is taken as the input signal of the third PI
d
connected to form the 5th and 7th single tuned passive power controller. The output signal id 1 of the third PI controller is
filter (PPF) respectively. These two groups of PPFs are
connected to micro grid between the nonlinear load and considered as the active power reference current signal
inverter. which the inverter needs to produce. In the same way, the
error 'iq of feedback current iq and its reference current iq

is regarded as the input signal of the fourth normal PI


controller. And its output signal iq1 is as the reactive power
compensation current. So there are only used PPFs to filter
the 5th and 7th harmonics.
When photovoltaic generation system is connected to
public grid:
In the day time, the switch K3 is turned to left and the K4
is turned to underside. The control mode of active and
reactive power is the same as island operating mode. The
Figure 1. Structure of novel hybrid system. harmonic double closed loop control branch is cascade
connected to the reactive power control branch.
By controlling K2, the photovoltaic generation system can
Harmonic current of power grid i Sh and harmonic
operate in island operating mode or parallel running with the
public grid. When K2 is turned off, photovoltaic generation current outputted by inverter idh are respectively formed the
enters island operating mode, and the nonlinear load is
outer control loop and inner control loop. The current error
supplied by photovoltaic generation system. Meanwhile,
when photovoltaic generation is connected to the micro grid 'iSh of i Sh and its reference harmonic current iSh is took
through three-phase inverter, the active and reactive power as the input of the first recursive integral controller. Its
can be compensated and the characteristic 5th and 7th
harmonics can be suppressed by PPFS. When K2 and K1 are output signal idh is considered as the reference harmonic
both turned on in the day time, photovoltaic array batteries is current signal of inner loop. The error 'idh is calculated by
connected with DC side capacitor of the inverter. The
nonlinear load is mainly supplied by public grid and the signal idh and its reference signal idh . iq1 is the output
photovoltaic generation system. PPFs are applied to of q-axis controller. The cascade result of iq1 and 'idh is
eliminate the character 5th and 7th harmonics. When K1 is
turned off at night, Photovoltaic array batteries is considered as the input signal of the second recursive integral
disconnected with the inverter, and the load only be supplied controller. The output signal in1 of the second recursive
by the public grid. Thus, the three-phase VSI and PPFs form
integral controller is regarded as the reference control signal
the hybrid active power filter (HAPF). The hybrid active
power filter dynamically compensates the reactive power and of APF. The discrete control expression of the outer loop and
eliminates the harmonics, according to real-time detecting inner loop are shown as follows:



idh
(k ) idh (k  1)  k p10['ish (k )  'ish (k  N )]  Isa, USa, Udc is the load current, the grid side current, the
(2) grid side voltage, the DC side capacitor voltage of inverter
k i10
['ish (k )]
respectively. The harmonics are greatly reduced, which are
in1 (k ) in1 (k  1)  k p12[iq1 (k )  'idh (k )  'idh ( k  N )  caused by nonlinear loads, after the proposed hybrid system
(3)
is operated to the power grid. Because the active power of
iq1 (k  N )]  k i12['idh (k )  iq1 (k )]
photovoltaic power generation system is smaller, ISa less
At this time, PPFs are used to filter 5th and 7th harmonics; than ILa. When the micro source and public grid at same
meanwhile, other harmonics are suppressed by active power time to supply power for nonlinear loads, the micro source is
filter. closed to the load, so the micro source is the main power
At night, the switch K3 is turned to right and K4 is turned supply source for nonlinear load. The voltage and current of
to underside. power grid has same phase in Fig. 3(c). As shown in Fig. 3
The voltage error signal 'U dc of the DC side capacitor is (d), the PV system can stabilize the DC capacitor voltage of
the inverter at 1000V without fluctuation.
sent to the second normal PI controller. The output signal i*d
of controller is took as reference current signal of the d-axis.
Its discrete control expression is shown as follows:
id (k ) id (k  1)  k p 2['U dc (k )  'U dc (k  1)] 
(4)
k ['U dc (k )]
i2

At this time, the reactive power and harmonic control


branches are the same as Grid-Connected operating control
method in the day time.
(a) Current dynamic waveform of load and grid side

(b) Current spectrum waveform of load and grid side


Figure 2. Control block diagram of the proposed hybrid system.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS


Using PSIM6.0 to simulate the photovoltaic power
generation system, the proposed hybrid system and control
method is studied in this paper. The simulation principle
diagram is shown in Fig1. The PV array battery is simulated
by its mathematical model. The simulation parameters of the
proposed hybrid system are as follows: The voltage of three-
phase power system is 380V. The frequency of three-phase (c) Voltage and current dynamic waveform of grid side
power system is 50Hz. The nonlinear load is three-phase
uncontrolled rectifier. The inductance of the nonlinear load is
1mH and the resistance of the nonlinear load is 20Ω. The
inductance of the transmission line is 0.01mH. The value of
the DC side capacitor is 10000μF. the proposed hybrid
system is connected to the grid in 0.2S. The simulation time
of the proposed hybrid system is 0.8S.
A. Photovoltaic Array Battery is Connected to the
Proposed Hybrid System
When the PV array battery is connected to the proposed (d) Voltage waveform of the DC capacitor
hybrid system, the simulation results are shown in Fig.3. ILa, Figure 3. Simulation results when photovoltaic generation is connected.


B. Photovoltaic Array Battery is not Connected to the
Proposed Hybrid System
When the PV array battery is not connected to the
proposed hybrid system, the simulation results are shown in
Fig. 4. At this time, the proposed hybrid system is equivalent
to a pure shunt active power filter, passive power filter and
loads, which are parallel connected to the public power grid.
From Figure 4 (a) to Fig. 4 (c), it can be seen that the
harmonic current is greatly reduced, the voltage and current
of power grid has same phase. The DC capacitor voltage of
the inverter is 700V in Fig. 4 (d). At this time, The DC side
capacitor through the IGBT diode rectifier from the grid to
obtain energy, so the proposed hybrid system is slower than
(a) Current dynamic waveform of load and grid side when the DC side capacitor through the PV system to obtain
energy about 0.4S. That is to say, the dynamic adjustment
speed of the proposed hybrid system is slower in Fig. 4 than
in Fig. 3.
V. CONCLUSION
Aiming at the shortages and problems of active power,
reactive power and harmonic control technology in micro-
grid, a three-phase three-wire photovoltaic generation
inverter grid-connected operating and harmonic elimination
hybrid system is proposed in this paper. The principle and
control strategy of the proposed hybrid system are studied.
Through the research of this paper, the following conclusions
can be drawn:
(b) Current spectrum waveform of load and grid side
(1) The compensation of active, reactive power and the
real-time dynamic control of harmonics can be realized
through the proposed hybrid system.
(2) Based on the working principle of the proposed
hybrid system at different time, the hybrid control method of
active power, reactive power and harmonic suppression is
proposed. The proposed control strategy is simple and easy
to be implied in engineering.
(3) Simulation results show the correctly of this paper’s
contents, at the same time, the proposed control method can
also be applied to other similar systems in this paper.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
(c) Voltage and current dynamic waveform of grid side The financial support of the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Project No. 51507057) is highly
acknowledgment.
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Figure 4. Simulation results when photovoltaic generation is not
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