Agriculture

Student workbook

2
Contents
Unit 1 Page 1
Unit 2 2
Unit 3 3
Unit 4 4
Unit 5 5
Unit 6 6
Unit 7 7
Unit 8 8
Unit 9 9
Unit 10 10
Unit 11 11
Unit 12 12
Unit 13 13
Unit 14 14
Unit 15 15
Unit 16 16
Unit 17 17
Unit 18 18
Answer Key 19

ii Agriculture
1
1 Label the diagram with the words listed below.

husk silk kernel

1 2

2
3

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

ratoons sprout setts mature seeds plantations

Sugar cane is cultivated on large farms called 1
. Sugar cane originates from 2
.
After the harvesting of the first 3
crop, sections of stalk called 4
are replanted.
When these 5
a new crop called 6
is produced.

3 Read the text and answer the questions.

The two main sources of sugar are sugar cane and sugar beet. Sugar cane is grown in the southern
hemisphere and sugar beet in the northern hemisphere. The global production of sugar is around 145
million tonnes per year and some 120 countries produce sugar. Sugar cane accounts for 75% of all sugar
production. Essentially, sugar cane is a grass that has bamboo like stems and can grow up to 5 metres tall.
1 How many countries produce sugar?

2 Sugar cane accounts for what percentage of all sugar production?

3 How tall can sugar cane grow?

4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences about sugar cane.
1 well/ drained/ Sugar/ cane/ needs/ soil

2 has/ shallow and fibrous/ Sugar/ root/ cane/ system/ has

3 pest/ resistant /and diseases/ now/ are/ Some/ varieties

Agriculture 1
2
1 Label the harvesting diagram with the words listed below.
rotary brushes 
chopper  1 2
bale chamber 
collection floor

1
2
3
4
3

2 Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).
1 A person can harvest only 2 tons of cane per day.
2 The harvesting knife has a small hook on it.
3 Leaves are collected from the field to prevent diseases.
4 Using machines to harvest strengthens the roots.
5 A plant will only sprout once.

3 Correct the spellings of the words.

1 trackter
2 macheti
3 staulk
4 suecruse
5 mollasses
6 effanol

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1 Sugar cane is (harvest) by chopping down the stems.
2 The roots are (leave) so that it re-grows in time for the next crop.
3 Harvest times are (usual) in the dry season.
4 The cane is (took) to the factory.
5 The harvesting can (lasting) from 2 to 11 months.

2 Agriculture
3
1 Find eight words relating to sugar cane processing. a b c g l u c o s e
The words read from left to right (→) and top to m h y u i v r e u s
bottom (↓). o c i l m q w t c u
l i m m e l j h r v
glucose  sucrose  fructose a s p u p o k l o b
lime  juice  crystal s a u j q w j h s y
molasses impurity s f r u c t o s e t

e c i i x v b p o o
s e t c r y s t a l
l i y e j u i e c s

2 Put the words in the correct order to make questions.

1 working are you where today?

2 this morning her you see did?

3 work start you did time what?

4 course training attending afternoon the time you be will?

3 Label the wheat kernal with the words listed below.

endosperm bran germ

1
2 1 2

4 Complete the table.

Comparative Superlative
big bigger 1
the
clean cleaner 2
the
fast 3
the fastest
dangerous more dangerous 4
the
long 5 6
the

Agriculture 3
4
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.

seed germ berry distinct milling wheat

A kernel of 1
is sometimes called the wheat 2
. The kernel is the 3

from which the wheat plant grows. Each tiny seed contains three 4
parts that are separated
during the 5
process to produce flour. These parts are called endosperm, 6
, and
bran.

2 Match the words (1–6) with the definitions (a–f).

1 fibre a a sugar which occurs in sugar cane
2 massecuite b sugar crystals separated from massecuite
3 fructose c the cane plant’s vegetable skeleton
4 cane juice d conversion of sucrose into a mix of glucose and fructose
5 inversion e a liquid consisting of water, sugar and other dissolved substances
6 raw sugar f a mix of sugar crystals and syrup produced by crystallisation

3 Read the text and answer the questions.

The Del Chira Agricultural Mill (Usina Agrícola Del Chira) is the first sugar mill in Peru to produce
alcohol to be mixed with gasoline for the Peruvian market. The mill is located in the Sullana-Piura
district. As this is a desert region, the company has to use drip irrigation to ensure that the sugar cane
receives the correct amount of water and nutrients. When the mill is fully operational it will be able to
produce 300,000 litres of alcohol per day with a power generation of 15 Mega Volt Amperes (MVA).
1 Why is drip irrigation necessary?

2 Which of the following is a correct version of 300,000 litres?
a three million litres  b  three thousand litres  c  three hundred thousand litres

3 What does MVA mean?

4 Find eight words relating to sugar production. s c e t c r s o k h

The words read from left to right (→) d r i e r a t v b e
and top to bottom (↓). t y c e u k i b p a
h s g f s o r o p t
heating  settling  boiling g t h j h e r i m i
crystals  drier  vessel w a q c c x b l n n
crush stir i l s e t t l i n g

r s x m n k p n b g
e r t y u i o g p o
v e s s e l a s d f

4 Agriculture
5
1 Read the sentences and underline the unnecessary articles.
1 He has an experience of using this machine.
2 Turn it off, I can smell the burning.
3 The problem is the manual is out of the date.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Crystallised sugar is (separate) from the molasses by centrifuging.
2 (dry) is necessary to stop individual sugar grains from clumping together.
3 Lime (adjust) the pH of the cane juice.
4 The juice is (heat) to 65-70oC.
5 In the milling stage, sugar cane is first (wash).

3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.

poultry washing manually contaminated grading separate

1 Many root crops are with soil after harvesting.
2 Wet cleaning describes the of food with water to remove dirt.
3 Shape sorting is used in cereal processing to different grains.
4 Weight sorting is widely used in the processing of eggs, meat, and fish.
5 Food grading is frequently carried out .
6 Different characteristics need to be considered when food.

4 Look at the diagram of the sugar refining process and answer the questions.
1 What is the first stage of the refining process?

2 What is added to the sugar juice as part of the first sulfation process?

3 What comes first in the process - clarifying or packaging?

sugar cane preparation RAW

heating
and millling juice ~ 65 to 70°C
So2 + Lime

heating
sulfation
~ 100 to 105
So2

clarifying and syrup

sulfation
evaporating

centrifuging crystallizing

grading and packing

Agriculture 5
6
1 Match the words (1–5) with their opposites (a–e).
1 coarse a unrefined
2 natural b man-made
3 dried c sour
4 refined d fine
5 sweet e wet

2 Read the note and answer the questions.

Andre,
The boiling vats are not heating up properly. You need to get the engineers in to deal
with it. They can be here at 0700 in the morning. Last time this happened they did not
finish until 1200. Expect production to be disrupted.
Frank

1 What is the problem? 3 How long will the repairs take?

2 What does Andre have to do?

3 Read the text and answer the questions.

Food Processing
Food processing is the way in which different methods and techniques are used to turn raw ingredients
into food; or to turn food into other forms so it is suitable for human consumption. This can be done in
the home, or for large-scale operations in a factory. Food processing takes clean, harvested crops, meat,
fish and poultry and uses these to make saleable, appetizing and often long-life food products. Similar
processes are also used to produce animal feed.

1 Food processing turns raw ingredients into …?

2 Food processing makes food suitable for …?

3 Food processing is used to create …?

4 Similar processes are used to create …?

4 Find ten words relating to time. s a v q y f c d g o

The words read from left to right (→) h o u r e a l a t e
and top to bottom (↓). i o g z a g k y p a
f a n c r z l j o r
hour  shift  early  week t k s t a r t v a l
day  minute  year  start a f o v t g n m t y
finish late q w e e k r f l a q

l d l o m i n u t e
a o c t g d j t n t
f i n i s h f v o a

6 Agriculture
7
1 Match the food hygiene words (1–8) with the definitions (a–h).
1 hygienic a when food must be used by
2 implements b to keep things clean and free from disease
3 premises c tools to cook food with or to clean the kitchen
4 support d fluids and food which have not been cleaned up
5 spillages e to help something to happen
6 efficient f a property where food is cooked or stored
7 harbour g where food or dirt can easily hide
8 storage life h how well something or someone works

2 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.

bacteria  complaints away chewing fall before salmonella health disease

1 Rodents include mice and rats. They spread . Rodents also cause damage by
. Rodent droppings and urine can contain .
2 Bits of metal and plastic can sometimes into food. This can lead to consumer
and even risks if swallowed.
3 Soil can contain chemicals and . Raw vegetables must be cleaned _______ from other
food. Vegetables should be fully cleaned cooking.

3 Find eight words relating to food chemistry. f a f s r f e t y u

The words read from left to right (→) a m i n o a c i d s
and top to bottom (↓). p a b n b t v e s l
r j r r s s g n h a
nitrogen  amino acids  proteins o n e v t b g z n c
fats  fibre  lactose t w o w a j i y o t
starch enzyme e a x z r o i m e o

i a s d c f g e h s
n i i o h p p s w e
s c n i t r o g e n

4 Read the text and answer the questions.

Pasteurization
Pasteurization is the process of heating a liquid, such as milk, with the aim of destroying any harmful
bacteria. It is a delicate process as the heating must not change the composition of the liquid or its
flavour and nutritional value. The process was devised by the French chemist Louis Pasteur in 1865.
Milk, for example, is pasteurized at a temperature of 63° C (145° F) for 30 minutes. It is then rapidly
cooled and then stored at a temperature which is below 10° C (50° F).

1 When was pasteurization invented?

2 What must the process not do?

3 What is the drop in temperature from the pasteurization to the cooling milk?

Agriculture 7
8
1 Complete the table of adjectives and adverbs.
Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs
1 careful 9 late
2 clearly 10 patient
3 early 11 politely
4 fast 12 quick
5 freshly 13 quietly
6 good 14 regular
7 hard 15 seriously
8 immediate 16 slow

2 Underline the correct form of the verbs.

1 He started/ has started work at ten o’clock.
2 Did you eat/ Have you eaten anything yet today?
3 After he fainted, she gave/ has given him a glass of water.
4 Yesterday one of the bakers cut/ has cut his hand badly.
5 Last week he burnt/ has burnt his arm on the oven.
6 Henry, come quickly! Mr Smith fell/ has fallen over in the corridor.
7 Did you call/ Have you called an ambulance yet?
8 I called/ have called a doctor five minutes ago.

3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.

hormones carbohydrate casein lecithin rennin

1 can influence enzyme action, metabolism and physiology.
2 is a compound of carbon and water.
3 is a protein from milk.
4 is an emulsifier found in soya bean oil and eggs.
5 is an enzyme used to make cheese.

4 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1 Proteins important components in food.
a is b are c aim
2 Proteins are complex polymers of amino acids.
a compose b composed c composition
3 There are 20 amino acids in the body.
a found b find c finding

8 Agriculture
9
1 Find the ten words listed below in the puzzle. w q c a l o r i e s
The words read from left to right (→) e s d f g h i n k j
and top to bottom (↓). i d e r t y u t i o
g a i n z x c a v u
joule  calories  ingest h h j k l o p k b l
nutrients  intake  weight t i g h t e r e x e
gain absorb h g a b s o r b d s

c a l o r y e n t s
n u t r i e n t s b
y e r i n g e s t f

2 Match the beginnings of sentences (1–5) with the endings (a–e).

1 Vitamin C can be found in … a green vegetables.
2 Vitamin B2 can be found in … b liver and eggs.
3 Folic acid can be found in … c citrus fruits.
4 Vitamin B12 can be found in … d cod liver oil.
5 Vitamin A can be found in … e meat and eggs.

3 Complete the sentences with the words listed below and draw the time on each clock.

1 My starts at 8.00 am. 4 I started work today

at 7.30 am.
2 It’s 9.00 am! I’m
5 I am working
for work.
tonight. I won’t finish work
until 9.00pm.
3 I work at 5.00 pm.
6 I my house at 6.30
am to catch the bus.

4 Match the beginnings of sentences (1–5) with the endings (a–e).

1 We have one hour a in the morning and one in the afternoon.
2 I work 42 hours b six weeks ago.
3 We have two breaks, one c per week.
4 Juan has worked for the company d for lunch.
5 I only started working here e for 12 years.

Agriculture 9
10
1 Match the natural food dyes (1–5) with the colours they produce (a–e).
1 chlorella algae a red
2 cochineal b red/purple
3 betanin c blue
4 butterfly pea d yellow
5 saffron e green

2 Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F).
1 Ascorbic acid gives vinegar its sour taste and smell.
2 Lactic acid is found in milk.
3 Tartaric acid gives grapes their sweet taste.
4 Malic acid gives apples their sour taste.
5 Ascorbic acid is better known as Vitamin C.

3 Rearrange the words to make sentences about the working week.

1 work/ enjoy/ company/ I/ it/ working/ here/ is/ to/ a good/ for

2 shift/ changes/ My/ pattern/ weekly

3 work/ 8.00am/ I / Friday/ to/ 5.30pm/ Monday/ to

4 day/ look/ I/ it’s/ forward/ Friday/ pay/ to

4 Look at the sugar cane diagram and answer the questions.

1 What percentage of the sugar cane plant is millable?

2 Which part of the sugar cane plant holds the least moisture?

3 Which part of the sugar cane plant is generally unused?

Other 40% Total Biomass

(@50% moisture)

green top
80–88%
Moisture Attached
Tops leaves

Ground Trash

Generally wasted components

Millable cane
Attached Trash Millable stem 60% Total Biomass
18–30% moisture 70–75%
Moisture 70–75% Moisture
expanding 15–20% Fibre
crown 10–15% Sucrose

Now harvested portion

10 Agriculture
11
1 Complete the table with the correct food additive listed below.

glazingagent stabilizer thickener acid humectants emulsifier

Additive purpose

1 Protective coating

2 Give food a firmer texture

3 Increase viscosity

4 Preservative

5 Prevent food from drying out

6 Allow water and oils to mix

2 Correct the spelling of the words.

1 antebiotics
2 anteoxedents
3 presservatives
4 assidity regulators
5 flavour inhansers

3 Complete the sentences with at, in or on.

1 Are you available for overtime Thursday?
2 We have a large order to complete. We need to ask staff if they can work the weekend.
3 Is the maintenance manager the other factory today?
4 Our staff meeting starts 4.00pm.
5 My lunch break finishes 15 minutes.
6 I am not working next week. I am going holiday.

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
1 When I (arrive) at work this morning, I was (prepare) for a very busy day.
2 By the time I made it to the office, the meeting (begin, already) without me. My
supervisor (be) very angry.
3 Since I began working here, I have (perform) _______ several jobs. Now I am (charge) of
training.

Agriculture 11
12
1 Match the definitions (1–6) with the phrasal verbs listed below.

chase up  carry out  catch up  get on with  fall behind  hold up

1 lose time on a schedule
2 perform a task
3 cause a delay
4 contact somebody in order to remind them to do something
5 spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier
6 make progress

2 Match the words (1–5) with the definitions (a–e).

1 a safety procedure a harm done to a person’s body
2 a risk assessment b a way of doing things to prevent accidents
3 a technique c a report about possible dangers
4 an injury d a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you
5 an incident have to learn special skills
e something that happens; an event, a fire, a collision, an accident

3 Complete the canning process chart with the words listed below.

labelling grading filling cooling peeling

Growing Harvesting Transporting Cold storage >

washing

Sealing Blanching Coring /Halving /

Slicing

Cooking Storage Despatch

4 Complete the text with the words listed below.

endosperm chaff combine cleaned scythe thresh

Modern farmers use a 1
harvester to collect their wheat, but the 2
, sickle and
flail are still used in developing countries. The first task is to cut the heads from the top of the wheat
plants and then 3
them to remove the grains from the rest of the head, called 4
.
The grains are divided, 5
and taken to a mill, where any separation of bran, 6
,
and germ takes place.

12 Agriculture
13
1 Label the diagram with the words listed below.

roots seed stem leaf flower seed pod seedling

1
1
2
7
3
4
5
6
6
7 5

2
4

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

better bulky spoil grown costs reduce close handling

Fresh fruits and vegetables are 1
and 2
rapidly. The processing plant should be
3
to where they are 4
. This will 5
transport 6
and
cuts down 7
. This means the crops will be in 8
condition when they arrive at
the processing plant.

3 Find eight words relating to vegetables. s a s u a s o p i y

The words read from left to right (→) s e p u m p k i n a
and top to bottom (↓). q r i o k l r e w s
u w n a b b a g e o
cabbage  spinach  pumpkin a y a p u m p i n y
soybean  squash  courgette s u c k e t k e b b
lettuce okra h g h o o w j f s e

c o u r g e t t e a
c l e t t u c e s n
c a b b a g e w b x

4 Complete the text with words listed below.

grading groups size foods quality

Sorting describes the way in which are separated into
1 2
on the basis of
weight, 3
or colour. 4
describes the process of sorting the foods into groups
based on 5
.

Agriculture 13
14
1 Match the pictures of farming equipment (1–4) with the labels (a–d).
a tractor
1 2
b combine harvester
c scythe
d hay baler

1   
2   
3   
4 3 4

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

stems crops agricultural windrow tall grasses

The term ‘hay baler’ refers to a particular piece of 1
equipment used to harvest hay.
Hay includes 2
and other plants called legumes. Alfafa and clover are common hay
3
. These crops, used as animal feed, are cut with a mowing machine when they are about
18 inches (46 cm) 4
and still green. The mowing machine cuts and crimps the forage and
discharges it into a 4-feet (1.2 m) wide 5
. This crimping process breaks the 6

and makes the hay more palatable to cattle.

3 Label the diagram with the words listed below.

1
pick-up 
feeder forks 
power line 
hitch 2

1   
2    3
3   
4
4

4 Match the vegetables (1–5) with their categories (a–e).

1 artichokes a legumes
2 tomatoes b vine fruits
3 cucumbers c flower buds
4 peas and green beans d tree fruits
5 avacadoes and breadfruit e berry fruits

14 Agriculture
15
1 Match the fruit or vegetable (1–6) with the way it is prepared (a–f).
1 apples a peeled
2 apricot halves b seeds and stalk removed
3 grapes c skins and pips removed
4 oranges d peeled and cored
5 banana e peeled and seeds removed
6 peppers f destoned

2 Find six words relating to fruit. d f g m a e r n g h

The words read from left to right (→) b r e a d f r u i t
and top to bottom (↓). a g e n d a l n u i
k u z g q p e k d r
strawberry papaya  x a c o r n m o p p
tamarind guava  z v i y e r o i j a
breadfruit  mango t a m a r i n d h p

t a m a w r i n d a
s t r a w b e r r y
b c f g b a m a n a

3 Match the words (1–4) with the examples (a–d).

1 size a green
2 shape b oval
3 weight c large
4 colour d 0.5 kg

4 Label the parts of the food washing machinery with the terms listed below.

cleaned vegetables  spray nozzles  raw root vegetables  water

1
2 1 2
3
4

4
3

Agriculture 15
16
1 Match the words (1–6) with the definitions (a–f).
1 cleaning a the process of raising or pushing fluids or gases
2 separating b combining things together
3 disintegrating c creating different parts from one unit
4 pumping d the process of removing dirt
5 mixing e a suitable container for distributing food
6 packaging f something that is breaking up

2 Label the pictures (1–5) with the names of the machinery listed below.

rotary tiller cultivator potato harvester thresher potato planter

2
3

4 5

1    2    3    4    5 

3 Match the skin or peel technique (1–3) with the vegetables (a–c).
1 abrasion a root vegetables
2 rotating sieve drums b potatoes
3 knives c apples and pears

4 Find six words relating to food processing. w e q o i u r s o p

The words read from left to right (→) a s g r a d i n g a
and top to bottom (↓). s o u t e v b z y c
h r j q o n c u l k
canning  cleaning i t s e h r a d o a
packaging  grading n i u i z e n n j g
washing sorting g n o c u p n u e i

t g c o e r i t d n
q e c l e a n i n g
e s u o z i g r e o

16 Agriculture
17
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.

processing bakers finished household occupations perform

Food processing roles
Food processing 1
consist of several types of workers who process raw food products
into the 2
goods sold by supermarkets, wholesalers and restaurants. These workers
3
a range of tasks and are responsible for producing many of the food products found in every
4
. Some of these workers are 5
, others slaughter or process meat, and others
operate food 6
equipment.

2 Complete the table of food preserving methods with the words listed below.
canning chilling salting freezing drying UHT bottling sugar
freeze drying pickling smoking pasteurization sterilisation

High temperatures Low temperatures Removing moisture Use of chemicals
canning

3 Complete the text with the words listed below.

packing keeping line production conveyor machinery faults ingredients

Food processing workers are involved in the 1
and packing of a wide variety of food items,
including frozen, canned, baked, and dried products.
A food process worker usually works on a fast moving production , which has food moving
2

along on 3
belts, through different stages such as mixing, cooking and 4
.
The other duties of a food process worker can include:
• controlling the that processes the food
5

• making sure the production line has a constant supply of 6

• machines clean at all times

7

• reporting to a supervisor or engineer.

8

4 Complete the table.

Comparative Superlative
long longer the 1

heavy 2
the heaviest
dangerous more/ 3
dangerous the 4
/ least dangerous
good 5
the best
bad 6
The 7

Agriculture 17
18
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.

farmers arable changing rotation land soil

1
crops such as oat and wheat require good 2
and a warm climate to be grown
successfully. They require flat 3
that allows machinery such as combine harvesters to
be used. Arable 4
often use crop 5
methods to maximise their crop growth.
Crop rotation involves 6
what crops are grown in fields each year for a period of time -
commonly seven years.

2 Put the juice manufacturing processes listed below into the correct order.

cleaning harvesting concentration pasteurisation extraction packaging

3 Read the text and answer the questions.

A drum washer is suitable for cucumbers and other vegetables such as shallots, carrots and gherkins.
The washer drum rotates and thoroughly cleans the vegetables. It has a variable rotation speed to
optimise the cleaning process. There are two spray bars mounted in the upper part of the drum. One
sprays fresh water and the other recycled water. The recycled water comes from the base of the machine
which is then fed back into the washer to cut water use.

1 How many spray bars are there?

2 Why is recycled water used?

3 Name four vegetables that could be cleaned in this machine.

4 Match the words (1–5) with the definitions (a–e).

1 manual a the equipment, and often the buildings, required to carry on
2 automated an industrial business
3 plant b operated or worked by hand
4 production line c the making of goods
5 manufacture d operated or controlled by machinery
e an arrangement of machines or a sequence of operations

18 Agriculture
Answer Key
Unit 1 Unit 4
1 1 silk 3 husk 1 1 wheat 4 distinct
2 kernal 2 berry 5 milling
3 seed 6 germ
2 1 plantations 5 sprout
2 seeds 6 ratoons 2 1 c  2 f  3 a  4 e  5 d  6 b
3 mature
4 setts
3 1 Because the region is dry, the sugar cane needs
regular water and nutrients
3 1 Around 120 countries 2 c
2 75% 3 Mega Volt Ampere
3 Up to 5 metres
4 c c s h
4 1 Sugar cane needs well drained soil.
2 Sugar cane has a shallow and fibrous root system. d r i e r t e
3 Some varieties are now pest and disease resistant. y u i b a
s s r o t
Unit 2 t h i i
1 1 bale chamber 3 collection floor a l n
2 rotary brushes 4 chopper l s e t t l i n g
2 1 F  2 T  3 F  4 F  5 F s n
3 1 tractor 4 sucrose g
2 machete 5 molasses v e s s e l
3 stalk 6 ethanol
4 1 harvested 4 taken
Unit 5
2 left 5 last 1 1 an  2 the  3  the
3 usually 2 1 separated 4 heated
2 Drying 5 washed
Unit 3 3 adjusts
1 g l u c o s e 3 1 contaminated 4 poultry
m i u 2 washing 5 manually
o i m c 3 separate 6 grading
l m e r
4 1 Preparation and milling
a p o 2 Lime and SO2
s u j s 3 Clarifying
s f r u c t o s e
e i i
Unit 6
s t c r y s t a l 1 1 d  2 b  3 e  4 a  5 c
y e 2 1 The boiling vats are not working properly
2 Call in the engineers to deal with the problem
2 1 Where are you working today? 3 About five hours
2 Did you see her this morning?
3 What time did you start work?
3 1 food
2 human/ animal consumption
4 Will you be attending the training course this
3 saleable, appetizing and long-life products
afternoon?
4 animal feed
3 1 endosperm
2 germ 4 s y d
3 bran h o u r e l a t e
i a y a
4 1 biggest 4 most dangerous
2 cleanest 5 longer f r r
3 fast 6 longest t s t a r t l
y
w e e k
m i n u t e

f i n i s h

Agriculture 19
Answer Key

Unit 7 3 1 shift 4 early

1 1 b  2 c  3 f  4 e  5 d  6 h  7 g  8 a
2 1 disease/ chewing/ salmonella 2 late 5 overtime
2 fall/ complaints/ health
3 bacteria/ away/ before
3 finish 6 leave
3 f f
a m i n o a c i d s
p b t e l 4 1 d  2 c  3 a  4 e  5 b
r r s s n a
o e t z c Unit 10
t a y t 1 1 e  2 a  3 b  4 c  5 d
e r m o 2 1 F  2 T  3 F  4 T  5 T
i c e s
n h s e
3 1 I enjoy working here; it is a good company to
work for.
s n i t r o g e n 2 My shift pattern changes weekly.
3 I work Monday to Friday; 8.00am to 5.30pm.
4 1 1865 4 I look forward to Friday; it’s payday.
2 Change the composition, flavour or nutritional
value 4 1 60%
3 53° C 2 The attached trash (dried leaves)
3 Green Top
Unit 8
1 1 carefully 9 late
Unit 11
2 clear 10 patiently 1 1 glazing agent 4 acid
3 early 11 polite 2 stabilizer 5 humectants
4 fast 12 quickly 3 thickener 6 emulsifier
5 fresh 13 quiet 2 1 Antibiotics 4 Acidity regulators
6 well 14 regularly 2 Antioxidants 5 Flavour enhancers
7 hard 15 serious 3 Preservatives
8 immediately 16 slowly
3 1 on  2 at  3 in  4 at  5 in  6 on
2 1 started 5 burnt
2 Have you eaten 6 has fallen 4 1 arrived/ prepared
3 gave 7 Have you called 2 had already begun/ was
4 cut 8 called 3 performed/ in charge
3 1 Hormones 4 Lecithin Unit 12
2 Carbohydrate 5 Rennin
3 Casein 1 1 fall behind 4 chase up
2 carry out 5 catch up
4 1 b  2 b  3 a 3 hold up 6 get on with
Unit 9 2 1 b  2 c  3 d  4 a  5 e
1 w c a l o r
i e s 3 1 grading 4 cooling
e n j 2 peeling 5 labelling
i t o 3 filling
g a i n a u 4 1 combine 4 chaff
h k l 2 scythe 5 cleaned
t e e 3 thresh 6 endosperm
a b s o r b
Unit 13
1 1 flower 5 seed
n u t r i e n t s 2 leaf 6 seedling
i n g e s t 3 stem 7 seed pod
4 roots
2 1 c  2 e  3 a  4 b  5 d
2 1 bulky 5 reduce
2 spoil 6 costs
3 close 7 handling
4 grown 8 better

20 Agriculture
 Answer Key

3 s o 3 1 b  2 a  3 c
s p u m p k i n 4 w p
q i r s a
s g r a d i n g a
u n a o s
o c
a a y h
r c k
s c b i
t a a
h h e ni n g
c o u r g e t t e a g
n n i
l e t t u c e n g i n
c a b b a g e c l e a n i n g

g
4 1 foods

2 groups
3 size Unit 17
4 Grading 1 1 occupations 4 household
5 quality 2 finished 5 bakers
3 perform 6 processing
Unit 14
2 High Low
1 1 c  2 a  3 d  4 b temperatures temperatures
2 1 agricultural 4 tall canning freezing
2 grasses 5 windrow bottling chilling
3 crops 6 stems pasteurization
UHT
3 1 power line 3 pick up sterilisation
2 hitch 4 feeder forks
Removing moisture
Use of chemicals
4 1 c  2 e  3 b  4 a  5 d drying pickling
freeze drying salting
Unit 15 smoking
1 1 d  2 f  3 c  4 e  5 a  6 b sugar

2 m
b r e a d f r u i t
3 1 production 5 machinery
2 line 6 ingredients
g n l
3 conveyor 7 keeping
u g e 4 packing 8 faults
a o p m
4 1 longest 5 better
v a o
2 heavier 6 worse
t a m a r i n d p 3 less 7 worst
a 4 most
s t r a w b e r r y
b a n a n a Unit 18
1 1 Arable 4 farmers
3 1 c  2 b  3 d  4 a 2 soil 5 rotation
4 1 spray nozzles 3 raw root vegetables 3 land 6 changing
2 cleaned vegetables 4 water 2 1 harvesting 4 concentration
2 cleaning 5 pasteurisation
Unit 16 3 extraction 6 packaging
1 1 d  2 c  3 f  4 a  5 b  6 e 3 1 Two
2 1 potato planter 2 To cut down on water usage
2 cultivator 3 Cucumbers, shallots, carrots and gherkins
3 thresher 4 1 b  2 d  3 a  4 e  5 c
4 potato harvester
5 rotary tiller

Agriculture 21
 acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank the following for the permission to reproduce photographs:
Alamy Images p14 (combine harvester / Arco Images / Reinhard, H.);
Corbis p14 (farmer with scythe / Heide Benser), (hay baler / Gehl Company);
Getty Images p14 (tractor / Dorling Kindersley).
Cover image by: Alamy Images (Tomato harvest/Jacques Jangoux)
Illustrations by: Oxford Designers and Illustrators.

3 A001193

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