PROBLEM SET # 1 FINAL TERM

Name: ______________________________________________________ Section:

___________________________________________________________

Solve the following problems completely. Box your final answers.

1. AB-scale. Consider two thermometers, A and B, whose temperatures are

measured in °A and °B. The ice and the boiling points of water are
indicated in the figure.
(a.) Using the data in the figure, determine the number of B degrees on the B-
scale that correspond to 1 𝐴°. (4 pts.)

(b.) Obtain a formula that will convert a temperature in A-scale into B-scale. (3 pts.)

(c.) If the temperature of a substance reads + 40.0°𝐴 on the A-scale, what would be that temperature read on the B-
scale? (3 pts.)
2. Air-nergy gap. The brass bar and the aluminum bar in the drawing are
attached to an immovable wall. At 28°𝐶 the air gap between the rods is
∆𝐿𝑔𝑎𝑝 = 1.3 × 10−3 𝑚. Also, at 28°𝐶 the length of the brass is 2.0 m
and the length of the aluminum is 1.0 m. The gap closes at some
temperature T.
(a.) Let ∆𝐿𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 and ∆𝐿𝐴𝑙 be the change in length of the brass and the aluminum at temperature T, respectively. Write
down the equation relating ∆𝐿𝑔𝑎𝑝 , ∆𝐿𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 and ∆𝐿𝐴𝑙 . (2 pts.)

(b.) Solve for the temperature T when the gap closes. Use 𝛼𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 19 × 10−6 / C° and 𝛼𝐴𝑙 = 23 × 10−6 / 𝐶°.
(3 pts.)

(c.) At what new temperature T will the gap be 3.9 × 10−3 𝑚? (5 pts.)
3. Steamy ice. A copper calorimeter can with mass 0.446 kg contains 0.0950 kg of ice. The system is initially at 0.0° 𝐶.
A 0.0350-kg of steam at 100.0° 𝐶 and 1.00 atm pressure is added to the can. 𝐿𝑓 = 334 × 103 𝐽/𝑘𝑔, 𝐿𝑣 =
2256 × 103 𝐽/𝑘𝑔, 𝑐𝑐𝑢 = 390 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾, 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 4190 𝐽/𝑘𝑔 · 𝐾

(a) Can the 0.0350 kg steam melt all the 0.0950 kg ice? Answer this by calculating the heat released in condensing all
the steam and by calculating the heat absorbed in melting all the ice. (3 pts.)

(b) What is the final temperature of the can and its components? (4 pts.)

(c) How many kilograms are there of ice, how many of liquid, and how many of steam after thermal equilibrium is
reached? (3 pts)
4. The tire has risen. An automobile tire has a volume of 0.0150 m3 on a cold day when the temperature of the air in
the tire is 5.0° 𝐶 and the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 atm. Under these conditions the gauge pressure is measured to
be 1. 70 atm. After the car is driven on the highway for 30.0 min, the temperature of the air in the tires has risen to
45.0° 𝐶 and the volume has risen to 0.0159 m3.

(a) Write down the absolute initial temperature of the air inside the tire, the absolute final temperature and the initial
absolute pressure in atm. (3 pts.)

𝑇𝑖 = ________________ ; 𝑇𝑓 =________________; 𝑃𝑖 = ________________

(b) Assume that the air inside the tires can be treated as ideal gas. What is the gauge pressure after 30 min (2 pts.)

5. 𝜎 = 5.6704 × 10−8 𝑊/𝑚2 · 𝐾 4 . How many days does it take for a perfect blackbody cube (0.0100 m on a side,
30.0°𝐶) to radiate the same amount of energy that a one-hundred-watt light bulb uses in one hour? (5 pts.)
6. First law of Thermodynamics. When a system is taken from state a to
state b along the path acb, 90.0 J of heat flows into the system and 60.0 J of
work is done by the system. The process ac and db are both isochoric
while cb and ad are isobaric.
(a.) What is the change in the internal energy ∆𝑈𝑎𝑐𝑏 of the system when it is
taken from a to b along acb? (2 pt.)

(b.) Write the equation relating the change in the internal energy ∆𝑈𝑎𝑐𝑏 along the path acb and the change in the
internal energy ∆𝑈𝑎𝑑𝑏 along the path adb (1 pt.)

(c.) How much heat 𝑄𝑎𝑑𝑏 flows into the system along the path adb if the work done by the system is 𝑊𝑎𝑑𝑏 = 15.0 J
(2 pts.)

(d.) What is the change in the internal energy ∆𝑈𝑏𝑎 along the return path ba? (2 pts.)

(e) During the return path ba, 35.0 J of work is done on the system. Calculate the amount of heat that is absorb or
liberated in this process. Specify if it is absorbed or discarded. (3 pts.)
7. Heat engine. A heat engine operating between 200°𝐶 and 80.0°𝐶 achieves 20.0 % of the maximum possible
efficiency. What energy input will enable the engine to perform 10.0 kJ of work? (3 pts.)

8. Freezer. A freezer needs an input power of 93.6 W to convert 1.80 kg of water at 25.0°𝐶 to 1.80 kg of ice at 25.0°𝐶
in one hour. What is the coefficient of performance of the freezer? (3 pts.)

9. Air-contropy. An air conditioner operates on 800 W of power and has a performance of coefficient of 2.80 with a
room temperature of 21.0◦ C and an outside temperature of 35.0°𝐶.
(a) Calculate the rate of heat removal for this unit. (3 pts.)

(b) Calculate the rate at which heat is discharged to the outside air. (2 pts.)
 (c) Calculate the total entropy change in the room if the air conditioner runs for 1 hour and the total entropy change
in the outside air for the same time period.(3 pts.)

(d) What is the net change in entropy for the system (room + outside air). (1 pt.)

10. Taken. A heat engine expelled to the cold reservoir an energy of 335J in each cycle from a hot reservoir and
performs 25.0 J of work in each cycle.
(a.) Find the efficiency of the engine. (3 pts.)

(b.) Find the energy from the hot reservoir. (2 pts.)

 11. Carnot engine. An engine has a power output of 120 kW. The engine operates between two reservoirs at
25.0°𝐶 and 450°𝐶. If the engine is a Carnot engine,
(a.) how much energy does it take in per hour? (3 pts.)

(b.) How much energy is lost per hour in its exhaust? (2 pts.)

12. Entropy. What is the entropy change for the complete conversion of 1.00 kg of steam at 100.0°𝐶 to liquid water at
27.0°𝐶?

We swear that we did not copy my classmate’s work nor let anybody copy my work.

_____________________________________________ and _____________________________________________

Signature over printed name Signature over printed name