Background

Literature Review

The covered courts designed by the DPWH shows affiliation to the definition

given by “Building construction - Concrete structures” (2018), “Long-span buildings

create unobstructed, column-free spaces greater than 30 metres (100 feet) for a

variety of functions. These include activities where visibility is important for large

audiences (auditoriums and covered stadiums), where flexibility is important

(exhibition halls and certain types of manufacturing facility), and where large

movable objects are housed (aircraft hangars)”. According to Ruby (2007),

designing long-span structures needs heavy stability meticulousness. Certainly, the

structure has to hold up its own weight; just to span the required distance a structure

has to support significant dead load”. He also uttered that the complexity of long-

span design will be much more when certain factors are added such as snow load,

wind load, seismic load, deflection, serviceability, and the dead weight of the floor or

roof system. The degree of Complexity also shows more influence when McGar

(2014) noted that complexity is a significant driver of both cost and schedule.

The major material for long-span structures is steel ("Building construction -

Concrete structures", 2018). This is supported by Cross’s statement (as cited in

Madsen, 2005), “Steel can accomplish extremely long spans in structures and very

open-bay footprints without intermediate columns. It’s a very flexible material in

terms of different ways to address design requirements”. According to McGar (2014),

steel is the most common material for long-span structures due to its light weight,

high strength to weight ratio, ease of fabrication and erection, and cost.
 Clearly, long span structures have this tremendous complexity whole when

time of fabrication. The degree of steel’s compatibility for long span structures is

much, as stated earlier steel provides easiness of fabrication, that in turn will reduce

on-site labor, cost and construction waste in accord from ("The Benefits of Steel-vs-

Wood for Low-Rise Building Construction", 2018).

Roofs of long clear span structures are mainly supported by steel truss.

According to BASIN – SKAT (1999), “a roof truss is a structure that includes one or

multiple triangular units that include straight slender members with their ends

connected via nodes. Trusses are frame works in which the members are subjected

to essentially axial forces due to externally applied load. Bending leads to

compression in the top chords (or horizontal members), tension in the bottom

chords, and either tension or compression in the vertical and diagonal members,

depending on their orientation”. As stated in ("Long span roof - Designing Buildings

Wiki", 2018), long span roofs can be fabricated in from a number of materials, such

as steel, aluminium alloy, timber, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. It

asserts that steel is often preferred due to its high strength and for its resistance from

spreading fire over its surface.

Long span roof - Designing Buildings Wiki. (2018). Retrieved from

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Long_span_roof
 Case Study

1. General information

Ex.
Type of building (Covered) Pedestrian and bicycle bridge

Structural system Cable supported single-span girder with suspended bridge deck

Owner City of Feldbach / Styria (A)

Location Feldbach / Styria (A)

Used Materials
Concrete C30/37
(for the main structural parts)
CLT-Elements glued with asymmetrically combined glulam
- Abutment and pylons
beams (GL36c) acting as a T-section; wood species: Spruce
- Deck
Glulam GL24h; wood species: Larch
- Columns
Steel S235
- Tension bars
Steel S235
- Suspension cable
Mastic asphalt
- Deck surface

Erection date 08 / 1998

Investor City of Feldbach and Government of the Province of Styria (A)

Lignum Consult / Graz (A)

Architectural, structural and
BM Ing. K. Angerer, DI J. Riebenbauer
construction design
Collaboration: M. Augustin

Consultant Timber Engineering Univ.-Prof. DI Dr. techn. G. Schickhofer / Graz (A)

Construction Companies:
City of Feldbach / Styria (A)
- Abutment
Fa. Lieb-Bau-Süd GmbH & Co KG, Gleisdorf (A)
- End columns
Fa. Stingl GmbH, Trofaiach (A)
- Timber structures
Fa. Swietelsky, Feldbach (A)
- Mastic asphalt

Price

- Abutment
€ 23.255,-
- Structure (incl. railing and
€ 118.457,-
superstructural parts)
€ / m²: 1.138,-
- Cost per square meter traffic

area

Date: _______________

Price: _______________

Design studio: __________

Construction companies: ___________

Location: Barangay Bagor, Kadingilan, Bukidnon

Materials used: _____________

 2. Investment design

The main purpose of the covered court made with steel truss is to

serve the community a standard of care where people of all ages and skill

levels can enjoy a variety of activities and amenities aimed at enhancing

learning and enjoyment.

The construction of the new covered court was funded by the provincial

government to give convenience to the residents and to accommodate

activities of the barangay.

Xxxxxxxxxxxxx(Other uses????)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

3. Bearing system

The main bearing structure of roofing ___________________________

Used norms____________________________________

4. Computational models used

The bearing system was computed by ______________

5. Actions on structures

6. Project documentation, plans, and drawings

7. Erection

8. Interesting construction details

9. Protection from weather effects (if any??)

10. Economical and ecological aspects

11.
 References

Building construction - Concrete structures. (2018). Retrieved from

https://www.britannica.com/technology/building-construction/Concrete-structures
Ruby, J. (2007). Designing of Long Spans.

Madsen, J. (2005, June 01). Which is the better building material? Concrete or

steel?. Retrieved from https://www.buildings.com

McGar, J. (2014). Retrieved from https://sourceable.net/growing-trend-long-span-

structures/

Media, T. (2018). 5 Reasons Why Structural Steel Is Such a Popular Building

Method | MSC Metal Structure Concepts. Retrieved from

https://www.mscsteel.com/blog/5-reasons-why-structural-steel-is-such-a-popular-

building-method.html

BASIN - SKAT, 1999, 187 p.