TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Involves talking to yourself (self-talk) in an ongoing internal process and providing
feedback to yourself. You are both the sender and receiver of the message.

FORMS OF INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

1. Writing your thoughts and observation
2. Making gestures while thinking
3. Sense-making
4. Interpreting nonverbal communication
5. Communicating with body parts

According to Kahn, we communicate with ourselves 50 000 times a day, thus:

1. It affects our performance.
2. It influences our communication with others.
3. It makes a deep impact on our personality.

STRATEGIES FOR INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION (Mely Padilla, et al.)

1. Be aware of your thoughts, both positive and negative.
2. Choose the better one. Mental discipline, persistence, and willpower can help you
do it.
3. Take action. Continuously engage in positive self-talk because this is self-supportive
and affirmative.
4. Prayers. Pray that you would get positively connected to a force bigger than you.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Involves talking to one or a limited number of people

A. DYAD
Involves only two participants, one speaker and one listener, the possibility of
clarification and feedback is maximized.

B. SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION

It is a communication between three or more people. The possibility of
clarification and feedback is lessened because there is more than one person to
adjust to.

C. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Involves communicating to a wide group of people with very varied traits,
background, interests, and persuasions

D. MASS COMMUNICATION
A communication carried out with the aid of mass media technology

E. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Refers to the interaction of members along the links in an organizational structure
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
It is a communication with a person or group of people or different nationalities who
may not share the same assumptions, values, concepts, traditions, and practices.

KEY POINT: IN COMMUNICATION, RESPECT BEGETS RESPECT.

Interpersonal communication is wrongly interpreted as communication with foreigners

alone. It covers inter-ethnic, inter-religious, and even inter-regional communication, as
well as individuals of different sexual orientation.

USEFUL TIPS IN COMMUNICATING WITH FOREIGNERS

1. Demonstrate your willingness to talk to foreigners by learning a few phrases in their
language.
2. Talk with people who know the culture about the common traps and problems to
communicating with foreigners.
3. Adjust your behaviors and do not always expect others to adapt to you.
4. The best way to avoid misunderstanding in communication is to listen carefully and
to ask questions to make sure that you accurately understand the other person’s
message.
5. Do not be afraid to apologize. You can usually see quite quickly if you have
offended someone. Ignoring the situation will just offend the person.
6. Watch local television to learn about behavioral issues and norms.

Politically correct language

A civilized and culture-sensitive form of expression using a language that polite
members of societies prefer using when talking about certain sensitive issues and
designations.
Examples:
a. Gays and lesbians are not queers, but are referred to as members of the LGBT
community.
b. People living in public lands with no titles to their habituated lots are referred to
as informal settlers, not squatters.
c. Blind sick people are referred to as PWDs or Persons with Disabilities.
d. Old people are called senior citizens or the elderly.

COMMON PROBLEMS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

1. A BIGOT (BIGOTRY) is a person who holds opinions and prejudices against a
racial, ethnic, or religious group and/or treat the members of such group with
hatred and intolerance.
2. A FANATIC (FANATICSM) is a person who sees no wrong on a group , a person, or
principle , despite proofs or evident falsity of his perceptions.
3. A DOGMATIST (DOGMATISM) is a person who thinks that his beliefs or held
opinions or doctrines are unbendable and infallible or absolutely true and
correct, and that he, as a believer, has moral and intellectual right to impose his
belief on others with no reservations.
4. RACIST (RACISM)

\
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. FLOWERS say for many of what we cannot say ourselves. These meanings are
also influenced by culture and gender.
2. COLORS have certain meanings based on the dictates of culture and gender.
3. CHRONEMICS shows how time is viewed differently in various cultures.
4. PROXEMICS or the use of space provides us with ideas about how close or how
far people are.
5. HAPTICS or the use of touch is one of the most powerful of the types of nonverbal
communication.
6. GESTURES are the most often used type of nonverbal communication. Speech, to
be understandable and interesting to a listener, must be accompanied by
different gestures.
7. FACIAL EXPRESSION assists the listener in understanding the message better.
8. POSTURE tells how one stands and sits.
9. PERSONAL APPEARANCE says a lot about the speaker and the message. Being
appropriately dressed shows the speaker’s readiness and ability to deliver the
message. Being dressed well adds to one’s self-confidence.