Question Category

1
In case of buckling, the dispersion of load from bearing plate to neutral axis takes place at
Choose one answer.
1. 30 degree
2. 60 degree
3. 45 degree
4. 10 degree

2
If 18 mm rivets are used in lacing bars, then minimum width of lacing bars should be
Choose one answer.
1. 45 mm
2. 50 mm
3. 55 mm
4. 60 mm

3
To keep the intensity of bearing pressure between the column base and concrete, compressive
throught the length of the column base, the ratio of the moment M to axial load P should be
Choose one answer.
1. <L/3
2. <L/6
3. >L/3
4. >L/6

4
The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed
Choose one answer.
1. 100
2. 120
3. 180
4. 145

5
The most critical consideration in the design of rolled steel columns carrying axial load is the
Choose one answer.
1. percent elongation at yield and the net cross-sectional area
2. critical bending strength and axial yield strenght of the material
3. buckling strength based on the net area of the section and percent elongation at ultimate
load
4. compressive strength based on slenderness ratio and gross cross-sectional area of the
member

6
The effective length of a battened column is increased by
Choose one answer.
1. 10%
2. 7%
3. 12%
4. 25%

7
Identify the false statement.
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.

Page 1
 1. In the case of an axially loaded column machined for full bearing, the fastenings
connecting the column to the base plate in gusseted base are designed for 50% of the
column load.
Feedback: Incorrect
2. The effective rigid plate allows use of a plastic distribution of the internal forces for
calculations at the ultimate limit state.
Feedback: Incorrect
3. The thickness of column flange should be greater than the thickness of gusset plate.
Feedback: Correct
4. The size of gusset angles should be such that the vertical leg can accommodate two lines
of bolt and other leg one.
Feedback: Incorrect

8
Angle of inclination of the lacing with the longitudinal axis of the column should preferably be
between
Choose one answer.
1. 10 to 30 degree
2. 30 to 80 degree
3. 40 to 70 degree
4. 20 to 70 degree

9
A column splice is used to increase
Choose one answer.
1. length of column
2. strength of column
3. cross-sectional area of column
4. none of these

10
A column base is subjected to moment. If the intensity of bearing pressure due to axial load is
equal to stress due to moment, then the bearing pressure between the base and concrete is
Choose one answer.
1. uniform compression throught
2. zero at one end and compression at other end
3. tension at one end and compression at other end
4. uniform tension throught

11
Pick out the incorrect statement.
Choose one answer.
1. The effective slenderness ratio of the laced column should he increased by 5%.
2. The effective length of a single-angle discontinuous strut connected by more than one bolt
or weld is the same.
3. The slenderness ratio of compression members is limited to take into account unexpected
vibrations.
4. Compression members are designed using Merchant Rankine formula.

12
Pick up the correct statement.
Choose one answer.
1. The function of lacing bars is to equalize the stress distribution in the component
members of the column.
2. The buckling strength of laced column is smaller than that of solid column.
3. Laced columns are economical than battened columns.
4. All the above.

13
Page 2
 Match List I with List II for working stress.
Match the answers.
1. bending about minor axis, plastic and compact sections.
0.66 fy
2. bending about minor axis, semi-compact sections
0.60 fy
3. subjected pure shear
0.40 fy
4. Plates bending about minor axis
0.75 fy

14
The members in compression are susceptible to a number of possible buckling modes including
(i) Plate buckling
(ii) Flexural buckling
(iii) Torsional buckling
(iv) Torsional flexural buckling
(v) Local strength at points of loading

Choose one answer.

1. (ii),(iii) and (iv)
2. (i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)
3. (ii),(iii),(iv) and (v)
4. All of them

15
Identify the correction statement(s) as regard to cold-formed steel members.

(i) The thin elements subjected to compression in flexural bending and axial compression tend to
buckle locally at a stress level lower than the yield point of steel.
(ii) The additional load carried by an element after buckling by means f a redistribution of stress is
called post buckling strength,
(iii) Post-buckling strength is insignificant for elements with large b/t ratios,
Choose one answer.
1. (i) and (ii)
2. (i) and (iii)
3. (ii) and (iii)
4. All of them

16
The members in compression are susceptible to a number of possible buckling modes including (i)
plate buckling (ii)flexural buckling (iii) torsional buckling and (iv) torsional flexural buckling (v)local
strength at points of loading
Choose one answer.
1. (ii),(iii) & (iv)
2. (i),(ii),(iii) & (iv)
3. (ii),(iii),(iv) & (v)
4. All of them

17
For a strut with given length and end conditions, the max compressive load carrying capacity for
the same cross section area and same thickness is provided by
Choose one answer.
1. solid section
2. Circular hollow section
3. Rectangular box(hollow) section
4. Square box section

18

Page 3
 Identify the correct statement(s) ; (i)The cross section are classified to determine the extent or
influence of local buckling on the section capacity. (ii)The effective length of a member is the
length of an equivalent hinged hinged member.(iii) The section is selected so that the difference in
two slenderness is the least ; the larger one is used to determine the deshn stress. (iv) The section
is so oriented that the axis of smaller radius of gyration qould be braced one.

Choose one answer.

1. (i),(ii)& (iii)
2. (ii),(iii) & (iv)
3. (i),(ii) & (iv)
4. All of them

19
Identify the false statement
Choose one answer.
1. Columns supporting predominantly axial loads are considered to be pin ended.
2. The coefficient of friction at the interface between steel base and concrete may be taken
as 0.45.
3. Grout is provided on the underside of the base plate to disperse the force satisfactorily on
to the foundation.
4. The max bearing pressure between the base plate and the support underneath should not
exceed 0.6 fckwhere fck is smaller of characteristic cube strength of concrete or bedding
material.

20
To avoid the buckling of top edge of the gusset plate in compression due to upward pressure
under the base , its outstand from the edge of the column flange is limited to
Choose one answer.
1. 13.6 εt
2. 15.7 εt
3. 8.7 εt
4. 9.7 εt

21
The non dimensional slenderness ratio λLT in lateral buckling can be computed from
Choose one answer.
1. (i) only
2. (ii) only
3. any of them
4. none of them

22
Identify the false statement
Choose one answer.
1. The stress reduction factor for an axially loaded compression member depends upon
residual stress,initial crookedness, accidental eccentrities of load and type of cross section.

2. A short column can support same load in compression as it can in tension.

3. The best location to splice a column is at beam column junction.
4. The effective length factor K of columns in braced frames is smaller than one,while for
unbraced frame is greater than one.

23
Identify the false statement
Choose one answer.
1. In laced columns,end tie plates are provided to check the distortion of the column sections
at ends because of unbalanced horizontal force from lacings.

Page 4
 2. The slenderness ratio of the component members, in case of laced built up columns
should not exceed 50 or 0.7 times the unfavourable slenderness ratio of the column as the
whole
3. For the same configuration and end conditions, a laced column is stronger as compared
to the battened columns.
4. The effective depth of the end battens should not be less than the 3/4th of the
perpendicular distances between centroids of main members.

24
Identify the correct statements(s).

(i) The cross sections are classified to determine the extent of influence of local buckling on the
section capacity.
(ii) The effective length of the member is the length of an equivalent hinged-hinged member.
(iii) Section is selected so that the difference in two slenderness ratios is the least; the larger one is
used to determine the design stress.
(iv) Section is so oriented that the axis of smaller radius of gyration would be the braced one.
Choose one answer.
1. (i), (ii) and (iii)
2. (ii), (iii) and (iv)
3. (i), (ii) and (iv)
4. all of them

25
To avoid the buckling of the top edge of the gusset plate in compression due to upward pressure
under the base, its outstand from the edge of the column flange is limited ro
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. 13.6 Ɛ t
Feedback: Correct
2. 15.7 Ɛ t
Feedback: Incorrect
3. 8.7 Ɛ t
Feedback: Incorrect
4. 9.7 Ɛ t
Feedback: Incorrect

26
Identify the false statement.
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. The stress reduction factor for an axially loaded compression member depends upon
residual stresses, initial crookedness, accidental eccentricities of load and type of cross
section.
Feedback: Incorrect
2. A short column can support same load in compression as it can in tension.
Feedback: Incorrect
3. The best location to splice a column is at the beam-column junction.
Feedback: Correct
4. The effective length factor K of columns in braced frames in smaller than one, while for
unbraced frames greater than one.
Feedback: Incorrect

27
Effective length of column effectively held in position and restrained in direction at both ends is
Choose one answer.
1. L
Page 5
 2. 0.67 L
3. 0.85 L
4. 1.5 L

28
Effective length of column effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one ends is
Choose one answer.
1. L
2. 0.67 L
3. 0.85 L
4. 1.5 L

29
Identify the false statement.
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. In laced columns, end tie plates are provided to check the distortion of the column section
at ends because of unbalanced horizontal force from lacing.
Feedback: Incorrect
2. The slenderness ration of the component members, in case of laced built up columns
should not exceed 50 or 0.7 times the favourable slenderness ratio of the column as a
whole.
Feedback: Incorrect
3. For the same configuration and end conditions, a laced column is stronger as compared
to the battened column.
Feedback: Incorrect
4. The effective depth of end battens should not be less than 3/4 of the perpendicular
distance between centroid of main members.
Feedback: Correct

30
Thickness of lacing flats for a single and double lacing system should not be, respectively, less
than ____ of the length between the inner end bolts.
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. (1/40, 1/50)
Feedback: Incorrect
2. (1/50. 1/60)
Feedback: Incorrect
3. (1/60, 1/70)
Feedback: Incorrect
4. (1/40, 1/60)
Feedback: Correct

31
To class the outstand element of compression flange of a rolled section and a welded section
compact, b/tf ratio should be less than,
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. (8.4Ɛ, 9.4Ɛ)
Feedback: Incorrect
2. (9.4Ɛ, 8.4Ɛ)
Feedback: Incorrect
3. (10.5Ɛ, 9.4Ɛ)
Feedback: Correct
4. (9.4Ɛ, 10.5Ɛ)
Page 6
 Feedback: Incorrect

32
Identify the false statement.
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. At the caps of columns, the lateral deflection due to lateral forces is ordinarily limited to
L/235
Feedback: Incorrect
2. The design compressive stress stress of an axially loaded compression member as
stipulated in 800-2007 is based on Perry Robertson formula.
Feedback: Incorrect
3. For a laced column, the effective length should be increased by 10 per cent.
Feedback: Correct
4. In s cross section, double unequal angles with longer legs placed back to back will reduce
the difference between rz and ry.
Feedback: Incorrect

33
Match List I (Types of member) with List II (Slenderness ratio) and select the correct answer.
Match the answers.
1. A member carrying compressive force due to dead and live loads.
180
2. Compression flange of a beam against torsional buckling.
300
3. A member normally acting as tie, but not considered effective when subjected to possible
compression due to wind or earthquake forces.
350
4. A tension member where a reversal of direct stress occurs due to wind or seismic forces.
250

34
The most economical section for a column is
Correct Feedback: Correct
Incorrect Feedback: Incorrect
Choose one answer.
1. Rectangular
Feedback: Incorrect
2. solid round
Feedback: Incorrect
3. flat strip
Feedback: Incorrect
4. tubular section
Feedback: Correct

35
The buckling load in steel column is
Choose one answer.
1. related to length
2. directly proportional to the slenderness ratio
3. inverlsy proportional to the slenderness ratio
4. non linearity of the slenderness ratio

36
Slenderness ratio of a compression member is
Choose one answer.
1. Moment of inertia/Radius of Gyration
2. Effective length / Area of cross-section
Page 7
 3. Radius of gyration / Effective Length
4. Radius of gyration / Area of cross-section

37
For a column of height L fixed in position and direction both at its top and bottom, its effective
length is
Choose one answer.
1. L
2. 1/ROOT 2 * L
3. L/2
4. 2L

38
Battens provided for a compression member shall be designed to carry a transverse shear equal
to
Choose one answer.
1. 2.5 % of axial force in member
2. 5 % of axial force in member
3. 10 % of axial force in member
4. 20 % of axial force in member

39
A short column subjected to design axial load and design uniaxial moment, if eccentricity (e) is
relatively small, column is likely to undergo
Choose one answer.
1. tension failure
2. compression failure
3. shear failure
4. None of these

40
A lacing coulmn is designed to carry 500 kN axial load. Then total transverse shear resisted by
lacing will be
Choose one answer.
1. 25 kN
2. 6.25 kN
3. 12.5 kN
4. 15 kN

41
In laced columns, end tie plates are provided to:
Choose one answer.
1. check the buckling of the column as a Whole
2. keep the column components in position
3. Check the distortion of the column sections at ends because of unbalanced horizontal
force from lacings
4. Check the buckling of component column.

42
Thickness of lacing flats for single lacing system should not be less than ________ Of the length
between the inner end bolts.
Choose one answer.
1. L/40
2. L/50
3. L/60
4. L/70

43

Page 8
 For connecting lacing flats to column sections with 18 mm diameter bolt, minimum width of ftat
should be
Choose one answer.
1. 36 mm
2. 54 mm
3. 60 mm
4. 55 mm

44
Which of the following is not a design criterion of a lattice column?
Choose one answer.
1. Buckling of the column as a whole
2. Buckling of the component column
3. Buckling of the individual rolled sections constituting column
4. Buckling of lattice member

45
Minimum numbers of battens required in a built up column are
Choose one answer.
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6

46
Which one of the following is the most critical set of considerations in the design of rolled steel
columns carrying axial loads?
Choose one answer.
1. Percent elongation at yield and the net cross-sectional area
2. Critical bending strength and axial yield strength of the material
3. Buckling strength based on the net area of the section and per cent elongation at ultimate
load
4. Compressive strength based on slenderness ratio and gross cross-sectional area of the
member.

47
The slenderness ratio of compression members is limited to account for
Choose one answer.
1. The effect of accidental and construction loads
2. They may be used as a walkway in braced roof truss system
3. Vibrations
4. all the above

48
The effective length of a column with one end effectively held in position and restrained against
rotation but not held in positron at the other end is
Choose one answer.
1. 0.65L
2. 0.8L
3. 1.2L
4. 2L

49
For the columns of unsupported length L with one end restrained in translation and rotation and
the other end restrained in rotation but free to translate, the effective length will be
Choose one answer.
1. 0.65L
2. 0.8L
3. 1.2L
Page 9
 4. 1.5L

50
The slenderness ratio of lacing flats is limited to
Choose one answer.
1. 350
2. 145
3. 180
4. 250

51
Tubular sections form the most economical compression members because tubes:
Choose one answer.
1. have high local buckling strength
2. have more torsional resistance
3. are subjected to less wind force than any other section
4. all the above

52
Most suitable compression member section for a roof truss is
Choose one answer.
1. Single angle
2. Double angles placed back to back
3. Double angles placed as star
4. Tubes

53
Which of the following section will be preferred for a Column?
Choose one answer.
1. ISLB
2. ISMB
3. ISWB
4. ISHB

54
Which of the following is not a compression member
Choose one answer.
1. Strut
2. Tie
3. Rafter
4. Boom

55
The basic difference between the determination of the cross section resistance of a class 3 and
class 4 sections under direct stresses is (i)for a class 3 section, only an elastic stress distribution
over the fully effective cross section is permitted. (ii) for a class 4 slender section an elastic stress
distribution over the reduced cross section is considered (iii) for a class 4 slender sections design
strength is reduced
Choose one answer.
1. (i) & (ii)
2. (i) & (iii)
3. All of them
4. None of them

56
Identify the false statement
Choose one answer.

Page 10
 1. In the case of axially loaded column machined for full bearing, the fastenings conecting
the column to the base plate in gusseted base are designed for 50% of the column load.

2. The effective rigid plate allows use of a plastic distribution of the internal forces for
calculations at the ultimate limit state.
3. The thickness of a column flange should be greater than the thickness of gusset plate.
4. The size of gusset angles should be such that the vertical leg can accomodate two lines
of bolts and other leg one.

57
Thickness of lacing flats for a single and double lacing system should not be,respectively,less than

Choose one answer.

1. (l/40, l/50)
2. (1/50, l/60)
3. (l/60 ,l/70)
4. (l/40, l/60)

58
Identify the false statement
Choose one answer.
1. At the caps of columns, the lateral deflection due to lateral forces is ordinarily limited to
L/325
2. The design compressive stress of an axially loaded compression member as stipulated in
IS:800-2007 is based on Perry Robertson formula.
3. For a laced column, the effective length should be increased by 10%.
4. In a cross section, double unequal angles with longer legs placed back to back will reduce
the difference between Rz and Ry.

59
The basic difference between the determination of the cross section resistance of a Class 3 and a
Class 4 sections under direct stresses is

(i) For a Class 3, only an elastic stress distribution over the fully effective cross section is permitted
(ii) For a Class 4 slender section, an elastic stress distribution over the reduced cross section is
considered.
(iii) For Class 4 slender section design strength is reduced

Choose one answer.

1. (i) and (ii)
2. (i) and (iii)
3. All of them
4. None of these

60
For a strut with given length and end conditions, the maximum compressive load carrying for the
same cross section area and same thickness is provided by
Choose one answer.
1. Solid Section
2. Circular hollow section
3. Rectangle box section
4. Square box section

61
Identify the false statement.
Choose one answer.
1. Columns supporting predominantly axial loads are considered to be pin-ended at the
base.

Page 11
2. The friction coefficient at the interface between steel base and concrete/grout may be
taken as 0.45.
3. Grout is provided underside of the base plate to disperse the force satisfactorily on the
foundation
4. The maximum bearing pressure between the base plate and the support underneath
should not exceed 0.6 fck where fck is the smaller of characteristic cube strength of concrete
or bedding material.

Page 12