Example: Lateral Vibration of Beams

For free vibration, f(x,t) = 0, we require

Two initial conditions, for example: EI ∂ y ( x4 , t ) + ρA ∂ y ( x2 , t ) = 0
4 2

» y(x, t = 0) = yo(x) = 0 ∂x ∂t
» ∂y/∂
∂t|(x, t = 0) = 0

Four boundary conditions, for example:
» Free end
– Bending moment = EI(∂ ∂x2) = 0
∂2y/∂
– Shear force = EI∂ 3 ∂x = 0
∂ y/∂ 3

» Simply supported (pinned) end We will use these two

b.c.’s to solve for the
– Deflection y = 0 Fixed-pinned beam
– Bending moment = EI(∂ ∂x2) = 0
∂2y/∂
» Clamped end
– Deflection y = 0
– Slope ∂y/∂ ∂x = 0
ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004 19 ᐽӛԋǴ
ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬


Solve Lateral Vibration of Beams

Use the method of separation of variables y(x,t) = Y(x)⋅⋅ T(t)

d 4Y ( x ) d 2T (t )
EIT (t ) + ρAY ( x ) =0
dx 4 dt 2
EI / ρA ∂ 4Y ( x ) 1 d 2T (t )
= − = a = ω2
Y ( x ) ∂x 4 T (t ) dt 2
(3)
(2)

ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004 20 ᐽӛԋǴ

ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬


10
 Solve the Lateral Vibration of Beams

Y(x) can be solved as:

Y ( x ) = C1e βx + C2e − βx + C3e iβx + C4e − iβx

Or,

Y ( x ) = C1 cos β x + C2 sin β x + C3 cosh β x + C4 sinh β x

The natural frequencies of the beam are (from (1)):

EI EI
ω = β2 = ( β l )2
ρA ρAl 4

The βl product depends on the boundary conditions

ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004 21 ᐽӛԋǴ

ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬

Solve Lateral Vibration of a Fixed-Pinned

Beam

Four B.C.’s for a fixed-pinned beam are substituted into Y(x):

Y (0) = 0 ⇒ C = −C
C1 + C3 = 0
β( C + C ) = 0 ⇒ C = −C
3 1
dY
(0) = 0 2 4 4 2

∴Y ( x ) = C1 (cos βx − cosh βx ) + C2 (sin β x − sinh β x ) (4 )

dx
Y (l ) = 0
d 2Y
(l ) = 0 C1(cos β l − cosh βl ) + C2 (sin β l − sinh βl ) = 0 (5)
14243
EI
dx 2
0
− C1(cos βl + cosh β l ) − C2 (sin βl + sinh β l ) = 0 (6 )
 cos βl − cosh β l sin βl − sinh β l 
So,  = 0 (7 )
− (cos βl + cosh βl ) − (sin β l + sinh βl )

ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004 22 ᐽӛԋǴ

ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬

11
 Cont’d

From the last matrix, we get the determinant:
tan βl = tanh β l

The many roots of this equation, β nl, will define the natural frequencies:

EI
ωn = ( β n l )2
ρAl 4

Mode shape: Yn(x), Y(x), yn(x,y), and y(x,t):

cos β n l − cosh β n l
C2 n = −C1n ( ), from (5)
sin β nl − sinh β nl
cos β n l − cosh β n l
Yn ( x ) = C1n [(cos β n x − cosh β n x ) − ( )(sin β n x − sinh β n x )], from (4 )
sin β n l − sinh β n l
yn ( x , t ) = Yn ( x )( An cos ωn t + Bn sin ωn t )

∑ y ( x ,t ),
∞
y( x ,t ) = n The final mod e shape
ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004
n =1
23  ᐽӛԋǴ
ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬

Results of β nl for Various Beam Constraints

β1l = 1.875104
β2l = 4.694091
β3l = 7.854757
β4l = 10.99541
(1) Cantilever beam

β1l = 4.730041
β2l = 7.853205
β3l = 10.995608
(2) Doubly-clamped beam β4l = 14.137165

β1l = 3.926602
β2l = 7.068583
β3l = 10.210176
β4l = 13.351768
(3) fixed-pinned beam

ENE 5400 ༾ᐒႝ‫س‬಍೛ी, Spring 2004 24  ᐽӛԋǴ

ᐽӛԋǴమ๮εᏢႝᐒ‫س‬

12