GPON - Fundamentals: Technical Team From FTTH

S ec urity Level:
GPON –Fundamentals
www.h u awe i.com
－－ Technical Team from FTTH

Marketing Department
HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C o., L td. Huawei C onfidential

Contents
Basic Concepts of PON
Overview of Optical Access Network
Analysis of GPON Standards
GPON Key Technologies
GPON Management and Service Provisioning
Basic Services over GPON Network
HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 2

Basic Concepts of PON
This chapter describes the basic concepts and working principle of

PON network. After reading it, you will have a preliminary understanding
on the PON network.
This chapter introduces the basic architecture, upstream and
downstream working principle of the PON network.

What is PON?
Passive Optical Network
Passive Optical
Splitter ONU
Optical Line Terminal
ONU
PSTN
Internet OLT Passive Optical

Splitter
ONU
CATV Optical Network Unit
 PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point

architecture;
 PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
 PON consists of Optical Line Terminal (OLT), Optical Network Unit (ONU) and
Passive Optical Splitter.

Why GPON?
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 100M BD
Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / ADSL2+ PON

Technology Copper Based Copper Based Fiber Based
Coverage ~5km
<3km <2km <1km
diameter
Internet VoD Live TV

Service Video conferencing HDTV VoD
requirement Game
Remote control HDTV
s
2002 2003 2006 2010
• GPON （ Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks ） Time
• GPON supports Triple － play service, providing competitive all-service solution.

• GPON supports high-bandwidth transmission to break down the bandwidth
bottleneck of the access over twisted pair cables, so as to satisfy the
requirements of high-bandwidth services, such as IPTV and live TV broadcasts.
• GPON supports the long-reach (up to 20 km) service coverage to overcome the
obstacle of the access technology over twisted pair cables and reduce the
network nodes.
• With complete standards and high technical requirements, GPON supports
integrated services in a good way.
• GPON is the choice of large carriers in the international market.

Concepts
APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks

EPON: Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GE-PON: Giga-bit Ethernet Passive Optical Networks
GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks

GPON Principle----Data Multiplexing
GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction

communication over a single fiber.
1490nm
1310nm
To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fibre, GPON adopts
two multiplexing mechanism:
– In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
– In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner.

GPON Principle----Downstream Data
 Broadcast mode

GPON Principle----Upstream Data
 TDMA mode

Comparison Between GPON and EPON
GPON EPON
Standard ITU.T IEEE
Rate 2.488G/1.244G 1.25G/1.25G
Split ration 1:64~1:128 1:16~1:32
Data encapsulation mode GEM/ATM Ethernet
Broadband efficiency 92% 72%
Line encoding NRZ 8B/10B
Power budget Class A/B/C Px10/Px20
Ranging Equalized logical reach RTT

by adjusting EqD
DBA Standard format Defined by vendors
TDM support CESoP / Native CESoP
ONT interconnectivity OMCI None
OAM powerful Weak, extended by vendors
Application mode Multi-service/ FTTx Pure data service
Maturity Large vendors involved Small vendors involved
Choice of carriers Carriers Enterprise Intranet

Overview of Optical Access Network
This chapter describes the architecture of the optical access network.

After reading it, you will have a understanding on the FTTx network.
Besides, this chapter describes various devices applied in the FTTx
network and you can get a knowledge of those devices applied in the
optical access network.

Architecture of Optical Access Network
CO Customer
Premise
3.5-5km
xDSL 2~20Mbps Remote Business
BA DSLAM
ODN Curb
m
250-700 ge
o ver a
Urban C
2.5Gbps Down /1.25Gbps Up
FTTC OLT
MDU
Multi-Dwelling Unit
FTTB OLT
ONU
Optical Networks Unit
FTTH OLT
ONT
Optical Line Termination Optical Networks Termination

What is Optical Access Network?
From the architecture diagram, the optical access network comprises the following
scenarios:
1. FTTB scenario
As an access scenario for business users, Fiber to The Business (FTTB) scenario falls
into single business unit (SBU) and Business Multi-tenant unit (MTU) in terms of capacity.
Of them, SBU provides a comparatively small number of ports, including following types:
POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, RF(33dBmV), and DS1/T1/E1 ports; MTU provides a
comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: POTS,
10/100/1000BASE-T, RF and DS1/T1/E1 ports.
2. FTTC & FTTCab scenario
As an access to the curb or the cabinet over fibre, Fiber to The Curb& Fiber to The
Cabinet (FTTC & FTTCab) scenario is for the Multi-dwelling unit (MDU), providing a
comparatively larger number of ports, including following types: 10/100/1000BASE-T,
RF(33dBmV), VDSL2, and so on.
3. FTTH scenario
As an access to the home over fibre, Fiber to The Home (FTTH ) scenario is mainly for
the single family unit (SFU), providing a comparatively small number of ports, including
following types: POTS, 10/100/1000BASE-T, and RF(18dBmV).

Analysis of GPON Standards
This chapter analyses major GPON standards. After reading it,

you will have a understanding on the module reference, performance,
frame structure, as well as basic terms of GPON network, such
as GEM, port and T-CONT.

GPON Standards
ITU-T G.984.1 ITU-T G.984.2
• Parameter description of GPON network • Specifications of ODN parameters
• Requirements of protection switch-over • Specifications of 2.488Gbps downstream optical port
• Specifications of 1.244Gbps upstream optical port
networking
• Overhead allocation at physical layer
Simple development process

Powerful compatibility
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
ITU-T G.984.3
• Specifications of TC layer in the GPON system
ITU-T G.984.4
• GTC multiplexing architecture and protocol
• OMCI message format
stack
• OMCI device management frame
• GTC frame
• OMCI working principle
• ONU registration and activation
• DBA specifications
• Alarms and performance

GPON Network Model Reference
UNI R/S ODN S/R SNI
ONU/ONT OLT Service node
WDM WDM V reference point

T reference point IFpon IFpon
Optical
splitter NE
NE
ONU Optical Network Unit

ONT Optical Network Terminal
ODN Optical Distribution Network
OLT Optical Line Terminal
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex Module
NE Network Element
SNI Service Node Interface
UNI User Network Interface

Basic Performance Parameters of GPON
 GPON identifies 7 transmission speed combination as follows:
0.15552 Gbit/s up, 1.24416 Gbit/s down
Among them, 1.24416 Gbit/s up, 2.48832 Gbit/s down is the mainstream
speed combination supported at current time.
 Maximum logical reach: 60 km
 Maximum physical reach: 20 km
 Maximum differential fibre distance: 20 km
 Split ratio: 1 ： 64, it can be up to1 ： 128

GPON Network Protection Mode
 No backup on devices.
ONU#1  When the primary fibre fails, the

services on the fibre transfers to
1 ： N optical splitter IFpon the secondary fibre.
OLT
  Service outage occurs, and the
outage duration depends on the
IFpon Protected area
time of line recovery.
Secondary fibre ONU#N  When the disconnection occurs to
the line from splitter to ONU,
IFpon service outage will occur and no
Type A Fibre backup backup happens.
 OLT provides two GPON interfaces.

 This type protects the primary fibre.
ONU#1 When the primary fibre fails, the
services on the fibre transfers to the
OLT IFpon
2 ： N optical splitter secondary fibre.
 The protected objects are restricted
IFpon 
Protected area
to the fibre from the OLT to the
ONU and boards of the OLT. For
IFpon ONU#N faults occur to other parts, no
protection is provided. With
Type B OLT interface backup IFpon
potential security problems, it
cannot satisfies customer’s
requirements.
 Fault location fails.

 Both the OLT and the ONT
ONU#1 provides two GPON interfaces.
GPON interfaces on the OLT
IFpon work in 1:1 mode.
IFpon
OLT
2 ： N optical splitter
  This type is a kind of whole-
network protection. Two routes
are provided between OLT and
ONU, ensuring recovery of
IFpon various faults.
Whole-network protection  When the primary PON port on
IFpon the ONU or user line fails, ONU
automatically transfers services
to the secondary PON port. In
this way, services goes
2 ： N optical ONU#N upstream through the
splitter IFpon secondary line and secondary
IFpon port on the OLT. Basically,
service outage will not occur.
Type C All-backup  It is complex to realize it and not
cost-effective.
 One port stays at idle state all
the time, causing low bandwidth
utilization.

 O LT p rovid e s two G P O N
inte rface s . Th e G P O N
inte rface s work in 1 ＋ 1
O N U #1
m od e .
IF p on  Th is typ e is a kin d o f
IF p on wh ole -ne twork
1 ： 2 op tical s p litte r 2 ： N op tical s p litte r p rote ction. Two rou te s
O LT are p rovid e d b e twe e n
O LT and O N U , e ns u ring
re cove ry of variou s
IF p on P rote cte
Wh d ole
are-ne
a of O N Upsrote ction
twork fau lts , Inclu d ing fau lts
occu rring o n op tical
IF p on with a s ingle p ort s p litte rs or th e line .
 It s u p p orts u s ing m ixe d
O N U s in th e ne two rk:
O N U s e ith e r with a s ingle
1 ： 2 op tical s p litte r2 ： N op tical s p litte r O N U #N
P O N p o rt o r with two
IF p on P O N p o rts can b e u s e d .
U s e rs can s e le ct th e m
b as e d on th e actu al
Typ e D M ixe d b acku p
ne e d s .
 It is com p le x to re alize it
an d not cos t-e ffe ctive .

GPON Multiplexing Architecture
OLT ONT
Port
GEM Port GEM Port
O T-CONT Port
Port T-CONT
N
U T-CONT
Port
Port
T-CONT
O
IFpon Port
N T-CONT
 GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.
Port
U  T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer
that carries services. It is mainly used to transmit
upstream data units. T-CONT is introduced to realize
O the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the upstream
N T-CONT Port bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
 IF pon: GPON interface.
U  Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried
to different GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs.
Port-ID The mapping between the GEM port and the T-CONT
ONU-ID is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a T-CONT;
identifies Alloc-IDs identifies identifies GEM
T-CONTs ports or multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-
ONUs CONT.
 A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple
T-CONTs.

OLT Functional Blocks
Cross
PON Core Shell Service Shell
Connect Shell
PON interface PON TC Service

function function adaptation
Cross
Connection
function
PON interface PON TC Service

function function adaptation
 PON core shell consists of two parts: PON interface function and PON TC function. PON TC
function includes framing, media access control, OAM, DBA, and delineation of Protocol Data
Unit (PDU) for the cross connect function, and ONU management.
The Cross-connect shell provides a communication path between the PON core
shell and the Service shell, as well as cross-connect functionality.
Service Shell provides translation between service interfaces and TC frame
interface of the PON section.

ONU/ONT Functional Blocks
PON Core Shell Service Shell
Service
adaptation
PON interface PON TC
function function
MUX/
DEMUX
PON interface PON TC

function function
Service
adaptation
 The functional building blocks of the G-PON ONU are mostly similar to the
functional building blocks of the OLT. Since the ONU operates with only a single
PON Interface (or maximum 2 interfaces for protection purposes), the cross-
connect function can be omitted. However, instead of this function, service MUX
and DMUX function is specified to handle traffic.

• Ple
ase re
fer to
GPON Frame Structure the re
marks
Downs tream Framing
125us
Phys ic al C ontrol Block
Downs tream (PC Bd)
Ups tream
Payload
B andwidth Map O N T1
A llocID S tart E nd A llocID S tart E nd
1 100 200 2 300 500
O LT
T-C ONT1 T-C ONT 2

(ONT 1) (ONT 2)
S lot S lot S lot S lot
1 00 200 300 500
O N T64
PLOu PLOA Mu PLS u DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Ups tream Framing

• Ple
ase re
fer to
GPON Upstream Frame Structure the re
marks
Ups tream Framing
PLI Port ID PTI HE C
GEM Frame GEM Full GEM Frame

header fragment header frame header fragment
DBA Report Pad if needed
PLOu PLOA Mu PLS u DB Ru x Payload x DB Ru y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
ONT A ONT B
DB A C RC
1,2,4bytes 1 bytes
Preamble Delimiter B IP ONU-ID Ind Ms g ID Mes s age C RC
ONU ID
A bytes B bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 1 bytes 10 bytes 1 bytes

• Ple
GPON Downstream Frame Structure ase re
the re fer to
marks
Downs tream Framing
125us
PC Bd Payload PC Bd Payload
n n n +1 n
Ps ync Ident Res erved B IP Plend Plend US BW Map

4 bytes 4 bytes 13 bytes 1 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes N*8 bytes
C overage of this BIP C overage of next B IP
FE C Ind Res erved S uper-frame Blen BW Map A len A TM Partition C RC

1 bit 1 bit C ounter 30 bits Length 12 bits Length 12 bits 8 bits
A cces s 1 A cces s 2 A c c es s n
…..
8 bytes 8 bytes 8 bytes
A lloc ID Flags S S tart S S top C RC

12 bits 12 bits 2 bytes 2 bytes 1 byte
S end PLS S end PLOA Mn Us e FE C S end DBRu Res erved

1 bit 1 bit 1 bit 2 bits 7 bits

Mapping of TDM Service in GPON
TDM Buffer GEM Frame

PLI
Ingress buffer Port ID
PTI
HEC
TDM
TDM data Payload
TDM fragment
 TDM frames are buffered and queued as they arrive, then TDM data is multiplexed
in to fixed-length GEM frames for transmission.
 This scheme does not vary TDM services but transmit TDM services transparently.
 Featuring fixed length, GEM frames benefits the transmission of TDM services .

Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON
Ethernet Packet GEM Frame
PLI
Inter packet gap
Port ID 5 bytes
Preamble PTI
SFD CRC
DA
SA GEM
Length\Type Payload
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
 GPON system resolves Ethernet frames and then directly maps the data of frames
into the GEM Payload.
 GEM frames automatically encapsulate header information.
 Mapping format is clear and it is easy for devices to support this mapping. It also
boasts good compatibility.

GPON Key Technologies
This chapter describes GPON key technologies. After reading it,

you will have a understanding on key technologies of GPON, such as
ranging, equalization delay (EqD), dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA),
QoS and optical power.

GPON Key Technologies----
Burst Optical/Electric Technology
Continuous transmitting units Burst transmitting units
0# ONU 0# ONU
1# ONU
1# ONU
0# ONT
0# ONT
 Fast-enable and disable ability
 Split ratio (>10dB)
Signals arrive at OLT and

Data recovered Signals sent from ONT/ONU
threshold is specified
Continuous transmitting units
0# ONU
Non- fast AGC receiving
Burst receiving units 1# ONU
0# ONT
Fast AGC receiving Threshold line

GPON Key Technologies----Ranging
 OLT obtains the Round Trip Delay (RTD) through ranging process, then specifies
suitable Equalization Delay (EqD) so as to avoid occurrence of collision on optical
splitters.
 To acquire the serial number and ranging, OLT needs open a window, that is, Quiet
Zone, and pauses upstream transmitting channels on other ONUs.
OLT
ONU1
Start of D/S Frame
'Zero Distance' EqD Sstart
Pre-Assigned
Assigned EqD
ONU2
EqD
OLT ONU3
Actual Reception
Desired Start of
of S/N Resonse
Desired Reception
of SN Response
U/S Frame
ONU
Pre-Assigned
Response
EqD Sstart
Time
ONU in
Ranging
Transmission of S/N Response
for Pre-ranged ONU
Reception of D/S Frame
Start of U/S Frame
state
U/S BW Map
containing
Ranging Request

DBA
What is DBA?
--- DBA, Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment
--- DBA is a scheme facilitating dynamic bandwidth assignment at an interval of ns and us.
Why DBA?
--- It enhances the uplink bandwidth utilization of PON ports.
--- More users can be added on a PON port.
--- Users can enjoy higher-bandwidth services, especially those requiring comparatively
greater change in terms of the bandwidth.

SLA: Service － Level Agreement
DBA Working Principle BW: Bandwidth
Maximum: maximum bandwidth
Guaranteed: guaranteed bandwidth
Minimum: minimum bandwidth
 B as e d on s e rvice p rioritie s , th e s ys te m s e ts S LA for e ach O N U , re s trictin g s e rvice b and wid th .

 Th e m axim u m b and wid th and th e m in im u m b and wid th p o s e lim its to th e b and wid th of e ach O N U , e ns u ring
vario u s b and wid th for s e rvice s o f d iffe re nt p rio ritie s . In ge ne ral, voice s e rvice e njoys th e h igh e s t, th e n vid e o
s e rvice an d d ata s e rvice th e lowe s t in te rm s of s e rvice p rio rity.
 O LT grants b and wid th b as e d on s e rvice s , S LA and th e actu al cond ition of th e O N U . S e rvice s of h igh e r p riority
e njoy h igh e r b an d wid th .

T-CONT Bandwidth Terms
 Transmission Containers (T-CONTs): it dynamically receive grants delivered by

OLT. T-CONTs are used for the management of upstream bandwidth allocation
in the PON section of the Transmission Convergence layer. T-CONTs are
primarily used to improve the upstream bandwidth use on the PON.
 T-CONT type falls into FB, AB, NAB, and BE.
 Five T-CONT types: Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4, and Type5.

Relationship Between T-CONT Type and Bandwidth
Type
 Typ e 1 T-C O N T is of th e fixe d b and wid th typ e and m ainly u s e d for s e rvice s s e ns itive to d e lay and s e rvice s of
h igh e r p rioritie s , s u ch as vo ice s e rvice s .
 Typ e 2 and typ e 3 T-C O N T is of th e gu arante e d b and wid th typ e and m ainly u s e d fo r vid e o s e rvice s and d ata
s e rvice s of h igh e r p rio ritie s .
 Typ e 4 is of th e b e s t-e ffort typ e an d m ainly u s e d for d ata s e rvice s (s u ch as Inte rn e t an d e m ail), and s e rvice s of
lowe r p rioritie s . Th e s e s e rvice s d o not re qu ire h igh b and wid th .
 Typ e 5 is of th e m ixe d T-C O N T typ e , involving all b and wid th typ e s and b e arin g all s e rvice s .

DBA Operation Modes on ONU
（ a ） There are four T-CONT types on ONUs （ b ） There is only Type5 T-CONT on ONUs
 B as e d on T-C O N T typ e s , th e re are two m od e s in D B A op e rations .

 In m od e (a), s e rvice s are m ap p e d into d iffe re nt T-C O N T qu e u e s , and th e n O N U s ch e d u le s and ou tp u ts th e
d ata waiting in qu e u e s b as e d on th e O LT grants .
 In m od e (b ), all s e rvice s are m ap p e d into typ e 5 q u e u e s , and typ e 5 contains fou r typ e s of s u b -qu e u e s . Th e n,
O N U O N U s ch e d u le s and o u tp u ts th e d ata waiting in qu e u e s b as e d on th e O LT grants .

DBA Operation Process
OLT ONU
DB A report
DBA algorithm
logic C ontrol
p latform
B W Map
D ata
p latform
T-C ONT
Time s lot T-C ONT
S cheduler
T-C ONT
 D BA b lock in th e O LT co ns tan tly co lle cts inform atio n from D BA re p orts , and s e nd s th e algo rith m re s u lt in th e
form of B W M ap to O N U s .
 B as e d on th e B W M ap , e ach O N U s e nd s u p s tre am b u rs t d ata on tim e s lots s p e cifie d to th e m s e lve s and u tilize s
th e u p s tre am b and wid th .

Two DBA Operation Modes
 SR(Status Reporting )-DBA
D/S Direction ONT

OLT
① PCBd US BW
Map
Payload
 Based on the algorithm result of
last time, OLT delivers BW
U/S Direction Maps in the header of
② Data Report downstream frames.
 Based on the bandwidth allocation

information, ONU sends the status
report of data currently waiting in
③ T-CONTs in the specified time
slots.
 OLT receives the status report

from the ONU, updates BW Map
through DBA algorithm and the
delivers the new BW Map in the
next frame.
④
 ONU receives the BW Map from
the OLT and sends data in the
specified time slots.

NSR-DBA Operation
 NSR (Non Status Reporting)-DBA
NSR is an algorithm scheme that realizes DBA. It helps to predict the bandwidth
allocated to each ONU based on the traffic from ONUs.
Procedure:
Step1: Monitor the number of cells received by OLT within the specified
interval.
Step2: Use the result of real time monitoring in step 1 to calculate the
utilization rate.
Step3: Recognize the congestion status by comparing the utilization rate
with the specified limits.
D
Dj
Di
i j t

QoS Mechanism of ONU in GPON
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
Scheduling differentia
VOD GPON
DATA And buffer based on
TDM control 802.1p
Service traffic based on

OLT GEM Port-id
Splitter
VOIP
Traffic-flow Service
VOD Scheduling differentia
GPON based on
DATA And buffer
TDM control 802.1p
 Traffic clas s ification o f s e rvice s b as e d on LAN /802.1 p .

 S e rvice s ch e d u ling b as e d o n th e com b ination of s trict p rio rity (S P ) and We igh te d R o u nd R ob in
(WR R ) algo rith m s .
 S e rvice trans m is s io n b as e d on s e rvice m ap p in g with d iffe re n t T-C O N Ts , e nh ancing line u tilization
an d re liab ility.

QoS Mechanism of OLT in GPON
802.1p
Ethernet
VOIP
COS
bridging
BTV
GE/10GE Queuing &
DATA Non- GPON
BSR scheduling
TDM
blocking
switching DBA GPON
OLT
Upstream service
traffic based on
different VLANs
TDM Gateway
PSTN
 Traffic clas s ification b as e d on VLAN /802.1 p .

 S e rvice s ch e d u ling b as e d on com b inatio n of s trict p riority (S P ) and We igh te d
R ou nd R o b in (WR R ) algo rith m s .
 D BA algorith m , e nh ancing u p lin k b an d wid th u tilization.
 Acce s s control lis t (AC L)-b as e d acce s s control o n laye rs ab ove laye r-2.

AES Encryption in GPON
1 1 1 End User
1 ONT
3
1
1 Decryption
2
3
1
1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 End User
OLT ONT 2
2
Encryption Decryption
1
3
2
1
3 3 3 End User
AES: Advanced Encrypt System 1 ONT
3
A globally-used encryption algorithm Decryption
 OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.

 GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
 In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
 GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability
of the line.

FEC
9720 T Ss
S h o rt
C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd C o d ew o rd c o d e w o rd
D a ta D a ta
P a rity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a r ity
P a rity
PCBd D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s D a ta b y te s
b y te s b y te s
D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f D a ta b y te s o f
c o d e w o rd # 1 c o d e w o rd # 2 c o d e w o rd # 3 c o d e w o rd # 4 c o d e w o rd # 5 c o d e w o rd # 6
PC Bd P a y lo a d (D a ta b y te s )
9108 T Ss
 FEC is Forward Error Correction.

 It is a algorithm based on Reed-Solomon, a Block based code. FEC code comprises fixed-
length data block and redundancy bits.
 Applying FEC algorithm on the transmission layer, GPON will drop the error bit rate of the
line transmission to 10-15, and avoid retransmission of data.
 GPON supports FEC in the downstream direction.
 Processing of PCBd and Payload improves the transmission quality.

Optical Power Attenuation
Power attenuation calculation of Optical splitter
Input attenuation of optical splitter(<1dB):
∑(Power_input) - ∑(Power_output of all branch)
Input 1:2 optical Output ∵ 10 log(0.5) = - 3.01

∴
splitter Attenuation of 1:2 splitter: 3.01 dB
Attenuation of 1:16 splitter: 12.04 dB
Attenuation of 1:64 splitter :18.06 dB
Output
Input
2:N optical
splitter

Fibre Attenuation and Power Budget
Fibre attenuation relates to the fibre
length
About 0.35 dB per km
The attenuation of fibre splicing point is
for 1310,1490nm
generally less than 0.2dB
Other factors may cause attenuation,
such
as fibre bending Huawei’s OLT and ONU
28 dB (Class B+)
Table G.984.2 – Classes for optical path loss
Class A Class B Class B ＋ Class C
Minimum loss 5 dB 10 dB 13 dB 15 dB
Maximum loss 20 dB 25 dB 28 dB 30 dB
NOTE – The requirements of a particular class may be more stringent for one
system type than for another, e.g. the class C attenuation range is
inherently more stringent for TCM systems due to the use of a
1:2 splitter/combiner at each side of the ODN, each having a loss of about 3
dB.

Parameters of GPON Interfaces (Class B+)
Items Unit Single fibre

OLT: OLT
•Mean launched power MIN dBm +1.5
•Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
•Minimum sensitivity dBm -28
•Minimum overload dBm -8
•Downstream optical penalty dB 0.5

ONU: ONU
•Mean launched power MIN dBm 0.5
•Mean launched power MAX dBm +5
•Minimum sensitivity dBm -27
•Minimum overload dBm -8
•Upstream optical penalty dB 0.5

GPON Management and Service Provisioning
This chapter describes GPON management and service provisioning.

After reading it, you will have a understanding on OMCI
(the management and maintenance message type) and ONT service
implementation.

Basic Message Types in GPON Management
OAM message at the physical layer falls into three types: embedded
OAM, PLOAM and OMCI .
The embedded OAM and PLOAM channels manage the functions of

the PMD and the GTC layers. The OMCI provides a uniform system of
managing higher (service defining) layers.
The embedded OAM channel is provided by field-formatted
information (such as BW Map ， DBRu) in the header of the GTC frame.
The functions that use this channel include: bandwidth granting, Dynamic
Bandwidth Assignment signalling and so on.
The OMCI channel is used to manage the service defining layers
that lay above the GTC.

GPON System Management Mode
iManager N2000 BMS ACS

Client
SNMP
TR069
OMCI
ONT OLT BRAS
 ONT Plug and Play

 Zero configuration
 ONT Centered Management
 ONT remote diagnosis
 Remote ONT maintenance and management through OMCI
 Auto configuration and management on ONT through TR069
 ONT Auto Service Provisioning

GPON Service Provisioning and Zero
Configuration on Terminals
Carriers’ nightmare
Flexible Configuration plan of GPON
Initial configurations (such as service system information
configuration, data configuration) are required on GPON supports zero configuration on
terminals and then they can be put into use. To finish terminals and plug-and-play of terminals,
these configurations, it is not cost-effective to carriers. which is cost-effective.
Application scenario
1 Subscribe for services
CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing
2 Configure service network
NMS 2000
3 Send terminals to users

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT
Access Network
Use OMCI to finishing data
configuration on ONT 3
2
STB ONT ONT
Start up ONT and make registration with serial number ONT
User ONT

VOIP Service Management Solution in GPON
Description Basic operation and maintenance process
Terminal activation
Daily management
Service provisioning
Maintenance personnel use activation code generator to generate
terminal activation code (including IADMS IP, PPPoE user name
and password). Users input activation code on terminals,
terminals register on IADMS upon power-up and the IADMS
makes auto-configuration on terminals.
Process and Networking
1 for services
Subscribe
CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing
4
Generating activation code
UMS
3 Configure IADMS 2 Configure SoftX
Activation code generator IADMS
5
Send activation code and terminal to users 7
Configure terminals automaticallythroughTR069
Access Network SoftX3000
6 Input activation code

ONT ONT
User Phone Phone Phone Phone

Basic Services over GPON Network
This chapter describes basic services provided by GPON

System, such as Triple-play, TDM and RF overlay services.

Triple Play Solution in GPON
BB service platform
PC TL1/CORBA VoD
/API Notification Server
Middle
SFU Carrier’s OSS
ware
IPTV
NMS
Phone
Ethernet Intern
L et
VDS MDU IP Core
CPE
MSE
Splitter OLT
PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch
CBU
Base station
FE
E1
IP
Voice
CPE ODN NSP ASP/ISP

TDM Service Solution in GPON
PBX
CESoP mode  With fixed

E1/T1 Native mode upstream/downstream
frame structure, periodic
multiframes are
ONT
ODN
transmitted in GPON
line. So, GPON can
PSTN transmit TDM service with
first-born advantage.
BUSINESS
Splitter OLT E1/T1 LE OLT supports processing TDM

service in Native and CESoP
ONT
ONT
CO modes.
 With guaranteed QoS, GPON ensures the parameter
FE indexes of TDM service, such as end-to-end delay,
E1/T1 Jitter and error bit rate.
PBX  GPON supports effective isolation and higher-priority

processing of TDAM service.

RF Overlay Service Solution in GPON
Video
EDFA
（ Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ） 1550nm
Central Voice/Data
Customer
Office Downstream Premises

Voice/Data& Video
1490nm
1490/1310nm ， 1550n
Optical
OLT m ONU
Couplers (Optical Network Terminal)
(Optical Line Terminal)
（ WDM ）
Upstream 1490nm Optical Splitter

Video IP
Upstream Downstream （ RF ）
1310nm 1490nm 1550nm
Voice and Data Voice and Data
Video
@1250Mbps @2500Mbps
42Mhz 550Mhz 860Mhz

Analog TV Digital TV HD/VOD

Th ank You
www.h u awe i.com

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－－ Technical Team from FTTH

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C o., L td. Huawei C onfidential

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 2

This chapter describes the basic concepts and working principle of

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 3

Internet OLT Passive Optical

CATV Optical Network Unit

 PON is a kind of passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 4

Access ADSL/ADSL2+ VDSL / ADSL2+ PON

Internet VoD Live TV

• GPON supports Triple － play service, providing competitive all-service solution.

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 5

APON: ATM Passive Optical Networks

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 6

GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-direction

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 7

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 8

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 9

Standard ITU.T IEEE

Rate 2.488G/1.244G 1.25G/1.25G

Split ration 1:64~1:128 1:16~1:32

Data encapsulation mode GEM/ATM Ethernet

Broadband efficiency 92% 72%

Line encoding NRZ 8B/10B

Power budget Class A/B/C Px10/Px20

Ranging Equalized logical reach RTT

DBA Standard format Defined by vendors

TDM support CESoP / Native CESoP

ONT interconnectivity OMCI None

OAM powerful Weak, extended by vendors

Application mode Multi-service/ FTTx Pure data service

Maturity Large vendors involved Small vendors involved

Choice of carriers Carriers Enterprise Intranet

This chapter describes the architecture of the optical access network.

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 11

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 12

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 13

This chapter analyses major GPON standards. After reading it,

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 14

Simple development process

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 15

ONU/ONT OLT Service node

WDM WDM V reference point

ONU Optical Network Unit

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 16

 Maximum logical reach: 60 km

 Maximum physical reach: 20 km

 Maximum differential fibre distance: 20 km

 Split ratio: 1 ： 64, it can be up to1 ： 128

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 17

ONU#1  When the primary fibre fails, the

 OLT provides two GPON interfaces.

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 18

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 19

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 20

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 21

PON interface PON TC Service

PON interface PON TC Service

HUA WE I TE C HNOL OGIE S C O., L TD. Huawei C onfidential Page 22

PON interface PON TC