Reaffirmed IEEE 1982 ANSI/IEEE C37.

90-1978
Reaffirmed ANSI 1983 (Revision of ANSI C'37.90-1971)

adopted by the relays an'd relay systems

DEPARTMENT
OF
DEFENSE associated with
electric power apparatus
see acceptance notice on
inside front cover

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 A N S I / I E E E C37.90-1978
18 J u l y , 1983

Acceptance Notice

This n o n - G o v e r n m e n t d o c u m e n t w a s adopted o n 18 July, 1983, and is approved for use by the D o D . T h e indicated indus­
try group has furnished t h e c l e a r a n c e required by existing regulations. Copies o f the d o c u m e n t a r e stocked b y the D o D
Single Stock Point, N a v a l P u b l i c a t i o n s and F o r m s Center, Philadelphia, P A , 19120, for issue to D o D activities only. Con­
tractors and Industry g r o u p s must o b t a i n copies directly from I E E E , 345 East 47th Street, N e w Y o r k , N Y 10017.

Title of D o c u m e n t : IEEE Standard Relays and Relay Systems

Associated with Electric Power Apparatus

Document No: ANSI/IEEE C37.90-1978

D a t e o f Specific Issue A d o p t e d : 23 June, 1978

R e l e a s i n g Industry G r o u p : The Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Inc

Custodians: Military C o o r d i n a t i n g A c t i v i t y :
Army — ME Navy — Y D
Navy — Y D
A i r Force — 8 5 Project N u m b e r : 6110-0258

Review Activity:
Army — ME
A i r Force — 9 9
Navy — SH
GLA — GS

N O T I C E : W h e n reaffirmation, a m e n d m e n t , revision, o r cancellation of this standard is initially proposed, the industry

group responsible for this standard shall inform t h e Military C o o r d i n a t i n g A c t i v i t y of the proposed c h a n g e and request
their participation.

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978
(Revision o f
ANSI C37.90-1971)

An American National Standard

IEEE Standard Relays and

Relay Systems Associated with
Electric Power Apparatus

Sponsor

Power System Relaying Committee of the

IEEE Power Engineering Society

Secretariat

Electrical and Electronics Technical Advisory Board

Approved September 9, 1 9 7 6
Reaffirmed March 1 1 , 1 9 8 2

IEEE Standards Board

Approved June 2 3 , 1 9 7 8
Reaffirmed April 4 , 1 9 8 3

American National Standards Institute

© Copyright 1978 by

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc

345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form,
in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.

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 IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Com­
mittees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Commit­
tees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve
voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily mem­
bers of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent
a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute
as well as those activities outside of IEEE which have expressed an in­
terest in participating in the development of the standard.
Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an
IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to pro­
duce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and ser­
vices related to the scope of the IEEE Standard. Furthermore, the view­
point expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject
to change brought about through developments in the state of the art
and comments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Stan­
dard is subjected to review at least once every five years for revision
or reaffirmation. When a document is more than five years old, and has
not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents,
although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of
the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the
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Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any
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gestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed
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Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the mean­
ing of portions of standards as they relate to specific applications. When
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IEEE Standards represent a consensus of all concerned interests, it is
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sponse to interpretation requests except in those cases where the matter
has previously received formal consideration.
Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be ad­
dressed to:
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3 4 5 East 47th Street
New York, N Y 1 0 0 1 7
USA

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 Foreword

(This F o r e w o r d is n o t a part o f A N S I / I E E E C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 8 , A m e r i c a n National Standard R e l a y s and R e l a y S y s t e m s

Associated with Electric Power Apparatus.)

This revision of A N S I C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 1 (IEEE Std 3 1 3 - 1 9 7 1 ) contains three major changes in content

and organization as described below.
( 1 ) The section on definitions of relay terms has been eliminated on the basis that these defini­
tions also appear in A N S I C 3 7 . 1 0 0 - 1 9 7 2 , Definitions for Power Switchgear. In the future, A N S I
C 3 7 . 1 0 0 will be the principal reference source for definitions of relay terms in the power switchgear
field.
( 2 ) A new section describing the Surge Withstand Capability ( S W C ) test has been added. The
description of this test was first published in 1 9 7 4 as A N S I C 3 7 . 9 0 a - 1 9 7 4 (IEEE Std 4 7 2 - 1 9 7 4 ) ,
Guide for Surge Withstand Capability ( S W C ) Tests (supplement to A N S I C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 1 , IEEE Std
3 1 3 - 1 9 7 1 ) . A n y further revision of C 3 7 . 9 0 a - 1 9 7 4 will take precedence over Section 9 , Surge With­
stand Capability Tests.
(3) Clauses and tables have been added to the section on ratings to show performance data which
should be provided by a manufacturer in published information on auxiliary relays.
In addition to these changes, other significant changes have been made in Section 6, Ratings and
in Section 8 , Dielectric Tests.
In preparing this standard, consideration has been given to the work of other committees, and
especially to international standards which have been published or which are under preparation by
Technical Committee 4 1 of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
The major work in preparing the material for this revision was carried out by the Relay Standards
Subcommittee of the Power System Relaying Committee of the Power Engineering Society of the
Institute o f Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the Amer­
ican National Standards Institute, 1 4 3 0 Broadway, N e w York, N . Y . 1 0 0 1 8 , with a copy to the
Secretary, IEEE Standards Committee, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, 3 4 5
East 4 7 t h Street, N e w Y o r k , N . Y . 1 0 0 1 7 .
Membership of the Relay Standards Subcommittee during the period of revision of this document
consisted of:

C. A . Mathews, Chairman

J. W. C h a d w i c k R . J. K ü h r F. N . Meissner
D . Dal asta W. A . Lewis W. K . M o r r i s o n
R. E. Dietrich J. R . Linders M. Rosen
C. M . G a d s d e n J. W . L i p n i t z R . J. Sullivan
G. E . H e i d e n r e i c h G. L o k k e n F. V o n R o e s c h l a u b
J. A . I m h o f G . J. Marieni C. L . Wagner

The Subcommittee on Protective Relays of American National Standards Committee C 3 7 on

Power Switchgear was directly responsible for the revision and approval of this document as an
American National Standard. A t the time it completed its review of the standard, it had the follow­
ing personnel:

G. J. Marieni, Chairman

J. W. C h a d w i c k J. R . Linders Μ. B. Purvis
R . J. F e l t o n J. W. L i p n i t z M. Rosen
C. H . Griffin G. L o k k e n R. J. Sullivan
J. L . K o e p f i n g e r C. A . M a t h e w s F. V o n Roeschlaub

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 W h e n the I E E E Standards Board approved this standard on September 3 , 1 9 7 6 , it had the follow­
ing membership:

William R. Kruesi, Chairman Irvin N . Howell, Jr, Vice Chairman

Ivan G. Easton, Secretary

William E. A n d r u s Irving K o l o d n y William J. N e i s w e n d e r

Jean Jacques A r c h a m b a u l t Benjamin J. L e o n Gustave Shapiro
Dale R . C o c h r a n A n t h o n y C. Lordi Ralph M . S h o w e r s
Warren H . C o o k J o h n P. M a r k e y Robert A. Soderman
L o u i s Costrell T h o m a s J. Martin L e o n a r d W. T h o m a s , Sr
Jay F o r s t e r D o n a l d T . Michael Charles L. Wagner
Joseph L. Koepfinger Voss A. Moore William T . W i n t r i n g h a m f
William S. M o r g a n

t Deceased

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 Contents

SECTION PAGE

1. Definition of a Relay 7

2 . Scope 7

3 . Purpose 7

4 . Classification of Relays, Relay Systems, and Related Terminology 7

4 . 1 Classification of Relays b y Functions 7
4 . 2 Classification of Relays b y Input 8
4 . 3 Classification of Relays by Operating Principles or Structures 8
4 . 4 Classification of Relays by Performance Characteristics 8
4 . 5 Terminology Relating to Relay Operating and Performance Characteristics 9
4 . 6 Terminology Relating to Structural Components 9
4 . 7 Terminology Relating to Relay Environment 9
4 . 8 Terminology Relating t o Protective Methods and Systems and Their Performance 10

5. Service Conditions 10
5.1 Usual Service Conditions 10
5.2 Unusual Service Conditions 10

6. Ratings 11
6 . 1 Standard Current and Voltage Ratings for Relays 11
6.2 Allowable Variation from Rated Voltage 11
6 . 3 Maximum Design Voltage and Current for Relays 11
6 . 4 Range of Operating Voltage for Auxiliary Relays and other Functions 11
6 . 5 Test for Operation at Minimum Voltage — Auxiliary Relays 11
6 . 6 Make and Carry Ratings for Tripping Contacts 12
6.7 Published Data for Auxiliary Relays 12

7 . Heating (Temperature Limitations) 12

7 . 1 Limits of Temperature Rise for Coils 12

8. Dielectric Tests 14
8.1 General 14
8 . 2 Standard Test Voltages 14
8 . 3 Duration and Application of Test Voltage 14
8.4 Dielectric Tests at Point of Manufacture 14
8 . 5 Dielectric Tests by Users 14
8 . 6 Temperature at which Dielectric Tests are to be Made 14
8.7 Points of Application of Voltage 14
8 . 8 Frequency and Waveshape of Test Voltage 14
8 . 9 Measurement of Test Voltage 14

9. Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests , 14

9 . 1 Introduction 14
9.2 General 14
9.3 Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Waveshape and Characteristics 15
9.4 Equipment to be Tested 15
9.5 Application of Test Wave 17

FIGURES
Fig 1 General Makeup of a Relay System with Communications or Computer Interface,
or both, Showing Points to be Subjected t o the S W C Test 15
Fig 2 General Makeup of a Relay System Without Communications or Computer Interface
Showing Points to be Subjected to the SWC Test 16

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 FIGURES PAGE
Fig 3 Application of the C o m m o n M o d e Test 17
Fig 4 Application of the Transverse Mode Test 17
TABLES
Table 1 Maximum Design Voltage for dc Auxiliary Relays 11
Table 2 Limits of Temperature Rise for Coils 12
Table 3 Contact Rating for All Relays 12
Table 4 Operating Data for All Relays 13
Table 5 Operating Data for Relays with Intermittent Ratings 13
Table 6 Test Requirements for the Various External Connection Groups of a Relay System . . .18
APPENDIXES
A P P E N D I X A S W C Test Supporting Evidence and Bibliography 21
A l Supporting Evidence 21
A 2 Bibliography 22
APPENDIX FIGURES
Fig A l Typical SWC Test Circuit 21
Fig A 2 Control Circuit Transient Data 22

APPENDIX Β Graphical Illustrations of Relay Terminology 25

APPENDIX FIGURES
Fig B l (a) Operating Characteristic of Distance Relays; (b) Operating Characteristics
of Distance Relays that are Inherently Directional 25
Fig B 2 Relationship of Relay Operating Time for Electromechanical Relays 26
Fig B 3 Typical Operating Characteristic Curve Shapes of Various Inverse-Time Relays 26

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 An American National Standard
IEEE Standard Relays and
Relay Systems Associated with
Electric Power Apparatus

1. Definition of a Relay tions of relay terms. 1

Relay terminology covers a wide area from

A n electric device designed to respond to in­
put conditions in a prescribed manner and
after specified conditions are met to cause con­
tact operation or similar abrupt change in as­
sociated electric control circuits.
the detailed relay structural principles through
complex power system relay applications. The
terminology in this field can be classified in
several different manners. The following is be­
lieved to be the most comprehensive.

NOTES: 4 . 1 Classification of Relays b y Functions. The

( 1 ) Inputs are usually electrical b u t m a y b e m e c h a n ­
following basic areas of power system relay ap­
ical, thermal, o r o t h e r quantities, o r a c o m b i n a t i o n o f
quantities. L i m i t switches and similar simple devices plications provide a convenient method of re­
are n o t relays. lay classification.
(2) A relay m a y c o n s i s t o f several relay units, e a c h
4 . 1 . 1 Protective Relay. A protective relay
responsive t o a s p e c i f i e d i n p u t , with the c o m b i n a t i o n
o f unite p r o v i d i n g the desired overall p e r f o r m a n c e may be classified according to its input quan­
characteristic o f the relay. tities (see 4 . 2 ) , operating principles (see 4 . 3 ) ,
or performance characteristics (see 4 . 4 ) .
4 . 1 . 2 Regulating Relay. Regulating relays can
2.Scope be classified according to 4 . 2 , 4 . 3 , or 4 . 4 .
4 . 1 . 3 Monitoring Relay. Typical monitoring
This standard applies only to relays and re­ relays include:
lay systems used to control power switchgear.
It does not cover relays of types designed alarm relay
fault detector relay
primarily for industrial control, for switching
network phasing relay
of communication or other low-level signals,
synchronism-check relay
or any other equipment not intended for the
verification relay.
control of power equipment.
4 . 1 . 4 Programming Relay. Typical program
relays include:
3 . Purpose
accelerating relay
initiating relay
The purpose of this standard is to specify
network master relay
standard service conditions, standard ratings,
phase-selector relay
and requirements for testing of relays and re­
reclosing relay
lay systems associated with power apparatus.
synchronizing relay.

4 . 1 . 5 Auxiliary Relay. Typical auxiliary re­

4. Classification of Relays, Relay lays include:
Systems, and Related Terminology
blocking relay
closing relay
Definitions of relay terms are not included
in this standard. Refer to A N S I C 3 7 . 1 0 0 - 1 9 7 2 , 1
Illustrations o f s o m e o f the basic definitions are
Definitions for Power Switchgear, for defini­ s h o w n in A p p e n d i x B.

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

control relay 4 . 4 Classification of Relays by Performance

lockout relay
receiver relay
seal-in relay
timing relay
trip-free relay.
4 . 2 Classification of Relays b y Input. Protec­
tive and other relays may be identified by the
input to which the relay responds. Relays in­
cluded in this classification are listed below.
N O T E : " O v e r " a n d " u n d e r " are qualifying terms t h a t
m a y b e u s e d t o prefix m a n y o f the i n p u t quantities,
t h e r e b y classifying the relay o n a p e r f o r m a n c e basis.
" G r o u n d , " " r e s i d u a l , " and " n e u t r a l " f o r m a n o t h e r
t y p e o f qualifying term that m a y be used t o prefix
m a n y o f the i n p u t quantities t o indicate a perfor­
m a n c e l i m i t e d b y the m e t h o d o f c o n n e c t i o n t o the
p o w e r s y s t e m . T h e m o r e c o m m o n relays identified b y
such qualifying terms are i n c l u d e d in 4 . 4 .
current relay
Characteristics. Protective and other relays
may be identified by their performance char­
acteristics, often represented graphically. Re­
lays included in this classification are listed
below. [See Figs B l ( a ) , B l ( b ) , and B 2 . ]
NOTES:
( l ) T h e general p e r f o r m a n c e term " o v e r " indicates
that the relay o p e r a t e s f o r values o f the i n p u t quantity
in e x c e s s o f a p r e d e t e r m i n e d v a l u e ; similarly " u n d e r "
indicates that the relay o p e r a t e s f o r values o f the in­
p u t q u a n t i t y less than a p r e d e t e r m i n e d value. In s o m e
cases a relay o p e r a t e s f o r values o f i n p u t quantity b o t h
greater than a n d less than the p r e d e t e r m i n e d value, and
are referred t o as " o v e r - a n d - u n d e r ( i n p u t ) r e l a y s . "
( 2 ) T h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f relays m a y be significantly
affected b y the m e t h o d o f c o n n e c t i o n t o the p o w e r
s y s t e m . This is i n d i c a t e d b y such qualifying terms as
" g r o u n d , " "residual," "differential," and others.

flow relay
frequency relay
blinder relay
power relay
conductance relay
pressure relay
definite minimum-time relay
temperature relay
definite-time relay
vibration relay
differential relay
voltage relay.
directional-overcurrent relay
4 . 3 Classification of Relays by Operating Prin­ directional-power relay
ciples or Structures. Protective and other relays
directional relay
may be identified by reference to operating
distance relay
principles or structural features. Relays classi­
frequency relay
fied in this way include:
ground relay
balance relay high-speed relay
current-balance relay impedance relay
electrically reset relay inverse-time relay
electromagnetic relay lens relay
electromechanical relay linear-impedance relay
gas-accumulator relay m h o relay
gas-pressure relay modified-impedance relay
hand-reset relay negative-phase-sequence relay
harmonic-restraint relay neutral relay
latching relay open-phase relay
mechanically reset relay overcurrent relay
multirestraint relay overexcitation relay
notching relay overload relay
percentage-differential relay overvoltage relay
phase-sequence relay phase-balance relay
product relay phase comparison relay
replica temperature relay phase relay
restraint relay phase-reversal relay
self-reset relay phase-undervoltage relay
solid-state relay positive-phase-sequence relay
static relay power relay
sudden-pressure relay rate-of-change relay
thermal relay. reactance relay

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 ANSI/IEEE
WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S C37.90-1978

residual relay torque control

resistance relay transient blocking
reverse-current relay transient response
sector-impedance relay travel
susceptance relay voltage restraint.
time-overcurrent relay
undercurrent relay
undervoltage relay 4.6 Terminology Relating to Structural Com­
zero-phase-sequence relay. ponents. Relays employ structural components
that may be unique or used in a unique manner
4.5 Terminology Relating to Relay Operating or that are infrequently found in other devices.
and Performance Characteristics. In addition to The following list of terms, relating to such
classifying relays according to their basic per­ structural components, may apply to both
formance characteristics, many terms are re­ static and electromechanical designs of relays.
quired to describe fully the detailed operation
and performance of a relay (see Fig B 3 ) . A
auxiliary relay driver
vocabulary of c o m m o n words with specialized
back contact
definitions that describe these relay operating
balance beam
and performance characteristics includes:
block-spike element
block block-block element
calibration card extender
calibration error comparer
contact opening time contact
critical impulse contact converter
critical impulse time *
critical overtravel time differentiator
critical travel front contact
dropout induction cup
dropout ratio induction disk
dropout time integrator
harmonic restraint level detector
impulse (time) margin operation indicator
input relay armature
relay element
instantaneous
relay unit
memory action
sequence network
offset
squaring amplifier
operating characteristic
squelch circuit
operating time
target
overtravel
telephone-type
phase delay
time dial
phase-sequence reversal protection
time lever
pickup
polarization transactor
polyphase tripping contact.
pulse
4.7 Terminology Relating to Relay Environ­
reach
ment. This terminology has c o m m o n usage
reset
with other electric apparatus. Some of the
reset time
more significant terms are:
response
setting drip-proof
setting error driptight
setting limitation dustproof
spike dusttight
startup explosionproof

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

fume-resistant overspeed protection

gasproof permissive
gastight phase-comparison protection
moisture-resistant phase-failure protection
submersible phase-sequence reversal protection
vaportight phase-undervoltage protection
watertight. pilot protection
primary protection
rate-of-change protection
4 . 8 Terminology Relating to Protective Meth­ reliability
ods and Systems and Their Performance. In remote backup
addition to the terminology described above
remote trip
pertaining to individual relays, there is also
security
significant terminology related to the applica­
selectivity
tion of protective relays and relay systems; this
time-undervoltage protection
includes:
transfer trip
applied-fault tripping trip
backup protection underfrequency protection
blocking underreaching protection
breaker-failure protection undervoltage protection
carrier-current-pilot protection voltage phase-balance protection
correct relaying system performance wire-pilot protection
correct relay operation zone
correct tripping zone-comparison protection
current phase-balance protection zone of protection.
dependability
differential protection 5 . Service Conditions
directional-comparison protection
directional-overcurrent protection 5.1 Usual Service Conditions. Relays and relay­
distance protection ing devices conforming t o this standard shall be
electrical center suitable for operation under the following
failure to trip conditions.
false tripping 5 . 1 . 1 The ambient temperature of the air
fault bus protection immediately surrounding the relay case or
ground protection other enclosure (for example, rack-mounted
guard signal units) shall be within the limits of —20° to
incorrect relaying system performance + 5 5 ° C , subject t o the requirements of 7 . 1 .
incorrect relay operation 5 . 1 . 2 The altitude shall not exceed 1 5 0 0 m
line tap ( 5 0 0 0 ft).
line terminal
5.2 Unusual Service Conditions. The use of re­
load restoration
lays and relaying devices at higher or lower
load shedding
ambient temperatures or at higher altitudes
local backup
than specified in 5.1 shall be considered as
loss of excitation
special conditions.
low-voltage protection
There are further unusual conditions that
microwave-pilot protection
may require special construction or opera­
open-phase protection
tion, and these shall be brought to the atten­
out of step
tion of those responsible for the application,
overcurrent protection
manufacture, and operation of relays and re­
overload protection
laying devices. A m o n g such unusual condi­
overpower protection
tions are exposure t o :
overvoltage protection
overreach ( 1 ) Damaging fumes or vapors
overreaching protection ( 2 ) Excessive moisture or dripping water

10

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WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S
( 3 ) Excessive dust, abrasive dust, or magnetic
dust
( 4 ) Steam
( 5 ) Explosive mixtures of dust or gases
( 6 ) Salt air
( 7 ) Abnormal shock, vibration, and seismic
disturbances
( 8 ) Unusual transportation or storage condi­
tions
( 9 ) Extreme temperature or sudden change in
temperature
( 1 0 ) Oil vapors
( 1 1 ) Extreme variations of supply voltage.
6 . Ratings
6 . 1 Standard Current and Voltage Ratings for
Relays. The standard current and voltage rat­
ings for relays shall be as follows:
Voltage
(V)
Alternating
Current
(rms)
120
240
480
6 . 2 Allowable Variation from Rated Voltage
for Protective Relays. Protective relays which
are designed to be energized continuously
with ac voltage shall operate without damage
at rated frequency with voltage not more than
1 0 percent above the rated voltage, but not
necessarily in accordance with the temperature-
rise limits established for operation at rated
voltage.
6 . 3 Maximum Design Voltage and Current
for Relays
6 . 3 . 1 Maximum design voltage is the highest
rms alternating or direct voltage at which
apparatus is designed to be energized con­
tinuously.
6 . 3 . 2 Maximum design current is the highest
rms alternating or direct current at which ap­
paratus is designed to be energized contin­
uously.
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ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978
6 . 3 . 3 The maximum design voltage or cur­
rent for all relays except as noted in 6 . 3 . 4 shall
be equal to the rated voltage or current of the
relay.
6 . 3 . 4 The maximum design voltage for dc
auxiliary relays, and for any power supply or
auxiliary relay circuits with dc voltage ratings,
Table 1
Maximum Design Voltage for dc
Auxiliary Relays
Rated Volts M a x . Design V o l t s
24 28
48 56
125 140
250 280
shall be as shown in Table 1. The maximum
Current
design voltage for ac auxiliary relays shall be
(A)
1 1 0 percent of the rated voltage.
Alternating 6 . 4 Range of Operating Voltage for Auxiliary
Current Relays and other Functions. Direct current
(rms) auxiliary relays which may be continuously
energized for indefinite periods, dc power
supplies, and auxiliary relay circuits with dc
voltage rating, shall be able to withstand the
maximum design voltage without exceeding the
temperature rises shown in Table 2 . These re­
lays shall operate successfully over a range
from 8 0 percent of rated voltage to the maxi­
m u m design voltage.
N O T E : Generally, relays w h i c h operate at 8 0 percent
o r less o f rated voltage w h e n h o t (see 6 . 5 ) will o p e r a t e
at 7 2 p e r c e n t o r less o f rated voltage w h e n c o l d .
Alternating current auxiliary relays which
may be continuously energized for indefinite
periods shall be able to withstand 1 1 0 percent
of rated voltage without exceeding the tem­
perature rises shown in Table 2. These relays
shall operate successfully over a range from
8 5 — 1 0 0 percent of rated voltage.
6 . 5 Test for Operation at Minimum Voltage —
Auxiliary Relays. For successful operation at
the minimum voltage for continuous duty,
the auxiliary relay coil should be subjected to
the normal line voltage until constant tempera­
ture is reached, and then tested for successful
closing at the minimum voltage.
11
 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

Table 2 2 0 ° C ) with the relay in its case and with its

Limits of Temperature Rise for Coils cover (if any) in position.
One duty cycle shall consist of the following
Limits o f Observable T e m p e r a t u r e sequence: 2 0 0 ms on, 3 0 0 ms off, 2 0 0 ms on,
Rise A b o v e 55° C A m b i e n t 1 5 s off, 2 0 0 ms on, 3 0 s off, 2 0 0 ms on, ap­
Temperature
Method o f
proximately 2 min off. This duty cycle shall be
Temperature Class 1 0 5 Class 1 3 0 Class 1 8 0 repeated 5 0 0 times to obtain 2 0 0 0 operations.
Determination Insulation Insulation Insulation (Current is interrupted by independent means
at the end of each "on" interval.)
Thermometer
method 40 65 115
6.7 Published Data for Auxiliary Relays. Tables
Applied thermo­
couple method 45 70 120 3 , 4 , and 5 show the information concerning
Resistance contact ratings, operating time, pickup and
method 50 75 125
dropout values, etc, which should be provided
by the manufacturer in literature describing
these relays. It is also recommended that the
Relays may be tested cold with proper allow­
format shown in these tables be used as a guide
ance for increase in impedance due t o tempera­
when publishing this information. Numbers in
ture rise as established by temperature tests
parentheses refer to notes following Table 5 .
on duplicate relays.

6 . 6 Make and Carry Ratings for Tripping Con­

tacts
6 . 6 . 1 Definition of tripping contacts: relay
contacts designed for the purpose of energizing
power circuit breaker trip coils.
6 . 6 . 2 Tripping contacts shall meet the follow­
ing specifications for contact performance:
The contacts shall make and carry 3 0 A for
at least 2 0 0 0 operations in a duty cycle as de­
scribed below. The load shall be resistive for
both dc and ac and the current shall be inter­
rupted by independent means. The voltage
value applied will be one of the standard volt­
age ratings. Design tests to prove this rating
shall be made at room ambient (not less than
7. Heating (Temperature Limitations)
7.1 Limits of Temperature Rise for Coils. The
temperature rise of relay coils as installed in a
relay case or other enclosure and tested at the
maximum design voltage or current per usual
service conditions (see 5 . 1 ) shall not exceed the
value given in Table 2 .
N O T E : F o r the p u r p o s e o f m e e t i n g this requirement,
certain existing e l e c t r o m e c h a n i c a l relay designs m a y
have a 15° C rise greater than the values s h o w n in Table
2 if the application is s u b j e c t t o the r e q u i r e m e n t that
the average a m b i e n t temperature that the relay is sub­
j e c t e d t o t h r o u g h o u t its Ufe d o e s n o t e x c e e d 40° C
w i t h a m a x i m u m o f 5 5° C.

Table 3
Contact Rating for A l l Relays

Contact Interrupting Rating ( A ) ( 1 ) Short

Circuit Time
(V) Resistive Inductive ( 2 ) Rating Continuous
— (1 min) Rating
Single Double (3) Single Double ( 3 ) (A) (A)
DC Contact Contacts Contact Contacts (4) (4)

24
48
125
250

60 Hz
120
240
480

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 ANSI/IEEE
WITH E L E C T R I C P O W E R A P P A R A T U S C37.90-1978

Table 4
Operating Data for A l l Relays

Coil
Circuit Coil T y p i c a l Operating T i m e Operating ( V ) ( 6 ) ( 7 )
Volts Circuit (me) ( B ) ( 6 )
DC ( Ω ) Must Must
DC (25°C) Pickup Dropout Pickup Dropout

24
48
125
250

60Ηζ(Ω)(8)

Armature Armature
60Hz Open Closed

120
240
480

Table 5
Operating Data for Relays with Intermittent Ratings

DC Coil Coil Series Pickup

Circuit Rated (Ω) Resistor Withstand Time (9)
(V) (V) 25°C (if used) (s) (ms)

Notes concerning information in Tables 3, 4, and 5.

( 1 ) Interrupting rating s h o u l d b e based o n at least 1 0 0 o p e r a t i o n s at rated value, using s u d d e n l y applied ( o r re­
m o v e d ) rated v o l t a g e , w i t h n o e x t e n s i v e burning o f c o n t a c t s .
( 2 ) I n d u c t i v e rating s h o u l d b e based o n tests using standard i n d u c t a n c e L/R = 0 . 0 4 for d c and c o s φ = 0.4 for ac.
( 3 ) Interrupting rating c o l u m n h e a d e d " D o u b l e C o n t a c t s " means t w o c o n t a c t s in series.
( 4 ) S h o r t - t i m e and c o n t i n u o u s ratings are based o n t e m p e r a t u r e rise in c o n t a c t m e m b e r s and s u p p o r t i n g parts.
Limiting temperatures are t o b e d e t e r m i n e d b y manufacturer.
( 5 ) All operating times are measured w i t h rated v o l t a g e s u d d e n l y applied o r r e m o v e d .
( 6 ) Operating t i m e values and p i c k u p / d r o p o u t values in T a b l e 4 are measured w i t h relay " h o t " — energized at
rated v o l t a g e until thermal e q u i l i b r i u m has b e e n reached at r o o m a m b i e n t ( 2 0 — 2 5 ° C ) .
( 7 ) Operating v o l t a g e data c o l u m n s in T a b l e 4 have the f o l l o w i n g m e a n i n g : ( a ) " M u s t P i c k u p " means that actual
p i c k u p is less than value given, and applied voltage s h o u l d b e greater than this value for reliable o p e r a t i o n ; and ( b )
" M u s t D r o p o u t " means that actual d r o p o u t is greater than value given, and applied v o l t a g e s h o u l d b e less than this
value f o r reliable d r o p o u t .
( 8 ) I m p e d a n c e data for a c relays s h o u l d i n c l u d e o h m s and phase angle.
( 9 ) Operating t i m e values in T a b l e 5 are measured with relay " c o l d " — c o i l at r o o m a m b i e n t ( 2 0 — 2 5 ° C ) b e f o r e
m e a s u r e m e n t is m a d e .
( 1 0 ) F o r current o p e r a t e d auxiliary relays, substitute amperes f o r volts in a b o v e tables.
( 1 1 ) R e l a y c o n t a c t s s h o u l d have b o t h ac and d c c o n t a c t ratings at all applicable standard voltages.
( 1 2 ) S o m e relays will have i n f o r m a t i o n in all three tables.

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 RELAYS A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

8.7 Points of Application of Voltage. The test

8. Dielectric Tests
voltage for insulation to ground and between
circuits shall be applied successively between
8.1 General. Dielectric tests between circuits,
each electric circuit and all other electric cir­
and dielectric tests between circuits and relay
cuits, and between each electric circuit and the
frame, shall be considered as routine tests. Di­
metal frame of the relay. The test voltage
electric tests across open contacts shall be con­
across open contacts shall be applied to the
sidered as design tests. Dielectric tests are not
relay terminals which connect to the contacts.
required across contacts with surge-suppression
For relays with adjustable contact gap, the con­
components, nor across solid-state output cir­
tact spacing shall be not less than that recom­
cuits; when these are used, the Surge Withstand
mended by the manufacturer.
Capability ( S W C ) test (Section 9 ) should be
substituted for the dielectric test. 8 . 8 Frequency and Waveshape o f Test Voltage.
The test voltage shall have a frequency value
8 . 2 Standard Test Voltages. Relays rated 6 0 0 V
and waveshape conforming to good commercial
and below shall withstand for 1 min a low-
practice. Experience has shown that, with the
frequency test of the following values:
comparatively low test voltage used for relays,
( 1 ) Insulation to ground and between cir­
moderate variations in waveform or frequency
cuits: twice rated voltage plus 1 0 0 0 V rms,
have no appreciable influence on the effect
with a minimum of 1 5 0 0 V rms.
of the test voltage.
( 2 ) Across normally open contacts: twice
rated voltage plus 1 0 0 0 V rms with a minimum 8 . 9 Measurement of Test Voltage. The volt­
of 1 5 0 0 V rms meter method shall be used. In measuring the
voltage with a voltmeter, the instrument should
8 . 3 Duration of Application of Test Voltage.
derive its voltage from the high-voltage circuit
The test voltage for all relays shall be applied
either directly or through a potential trans­
continuously for a period of 6 0 s.
former, or by means of a voltmeter coil placed
As an alternate, to be made at the point of
in the testing transformer.
manufacture only, it is permissible to test any
relay for 1 s at a value 2 0 percent higher
than the standard 6 0 s test voltage.
9. Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests 2

8 . 4 Dielectric Tests at Point of Manufacture.

Dielectric tests shall be made at the point of
manufacture in accordance with this standard.
8 . 5 Dielectric Tests b y Users
8 . 5 . 1 Dielectric tests, in accordance with the
standard, may be made by the user on new re­
lays only to determine whether specifications
are fulfilled. N e w relays for the purpose of this
test are defined as those which have n o t been
in service, which are not more than one year
old from the date of shipment, and which have
been suitably stored to prevent deterioration.
8 . 5 . 2 Additional dielectric tests may be
made, using 7 5 percent of the test voltage
determined in accordance with 8 . 2 , at the
point of installation to determine the prac­
ticality of placing or continuing equipment in
service.
8.6 Temperature at Which Dielectric Tests Are
to be Made. Dielectric tests shall be made at
the temperature assumed under normal opera­
tion or at the temperature attained under the
condition of commercial testing.
9 . 1 Introduction. The Surge Withstand Capabil­
ity (SWC) test is a design test for relay systems,
and in particular static relay systems. The pur­
pose of this test is to apply to the terminals
of the relay system a standardized test wave­
shape that is representative of surges observed
and measured in actual installations. Points of
application to systems under test are described
in detail. In order to pass this test, relay sys­
tems must be able to withstand the applied
surge without damage to components and with­
out operating incorrectly.
9 . 2 General. Surges and how they relate to pro­
tective relay systems can be divided into two
categories: first, the control of the surges pre­
sented to the relay systems, and second, the
ability of the relay systems to withstand the
surges. The surges presented to the relay sys-
2
T h i s s e c t i o n represents a c o n d e n s e d version o f sup­
p l e m e n t A N S I C 3 7 . 9 0 a - 1 9 7 4 . A n y further revision o f
A N S I C 3 7 . 9 0 a - 1 9 7 4 will take p r e c e d e n c e over this
section.

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 ANSI/IEEE
WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S C37.90-1978

tems can be generated either within the cir­
cuits to the system or induced into the circuits.
Certain construction practices can be followed
which will minimize the surges impressed upon
the relay. Both the user of static relay equip­
ment and the manufacturers have a given area
of responsibility relating to surge protection
of relay systems.
9.3 Surge Withstand Capability ( S W C ) Wave­
shape and Characteristics. The S W C test wave
is an oscillatory wave, with a frequency range
of 1.0 M H z to 1.5 M H z , voltage range of 2 . 5
kV to 3.0 kV crest value of the first half cycle
peak, and envelope decaying to 5 0 percent of
the crest value of the first peak in not less than
6 μη from the start of the wave. The source im­
pedance of the surge generator used to produce
the test wave shall be 1 5 0 Ω + 5 percent. The
test wave is to be applied to a test specimen at
a repetitive rate of not less than 5 0 tests per
second for a period of not less than 2 . 0 s.
N O T E : ( 1 ) All v o l t a g e and time values refer t o the
o p e n circuit c o n d i t i o n o f the surge generator. ( 2 )
T i m e p e r i o d a n d r e p e t i t i o n rate have been c h o s e n t o
c o v e r e q u i p m e n t w h i c h is u s e d o n 5 0 H z as well as 6 0
Hz systems.
A schematic diagram of a typical surge gen­
erator is shown in Fig A l .
9.4 Equipment to be Tested. Equipment to be
subjected to the SWC test is described below in
general terms and is shown in Figs 1 and 2 . Be­
cause of variations in relay engineering nomen-

Figl
General Makeup of a Relay System with Communications or Computer
Interface, or both, Showing Points to be Subjected
to the SWC Test

RELAY SYSTEM

TRI Ρ 1
RECLOSE BLOCK ^RCUITS
RELAY BREAKER FAILUREJ
INPUT LOGIC
CURRENT<
CIRCUITS ζ

ζ
2N
DC

< > SIGNAL CIRCUITS

INPUT ω COMMUNICATIONS
VOLTAGE s AND/OR COMPUTER
CIRCUITS INTERFACE

ι _ H POWER SUPPLY

POINTS SUBJECTED
TO SWC T E S T
+ - +
STATION OTHER
BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
(IF USED)
(INPUT POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITS)

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

RELAY SYSTEM

TRIP
IOUTPUT
R E C L O S E BLOCK (CIRCUITS
RELAY B R E A K E R FAILURE ) '
INPUT
CURRENT< LOGIC
CIRCUITS 3
O
Ζ
rr
(Λ
<
ÜJ
INPUT
VOLTAGE
CIRCUITS > SIGNAL CIRCUITS

POWER SUPPLY

POINTS S U B J E C T E D
+ - + - T O SWC T E S T
STATION OTHER
BATTERY POWER SUPPLY
(IF USED)
(INPUT POWER SUPPLY CIRCUITS)
Fig 2
General Makeup of a Relay System without Communications
or Computer Interface Showing Points to be Subjected
to the SWC Test

clature, equipment definitions in this section
illustrate b y example the intent of this test.
9.4.1 General. Transient voltages usually are
capacitively or magnetically coupled from a
high voltage source of electrical noise into sec­
ondary circuits or control wiring. Since these
voltages may appear unsuppressed across con­
nection points of components associated with
the protective relay system, it must be deter­
mined that they will not cause a failure or a
misoperation of the system.
9.4.2 Nomenclature and Definitions.
9 . 4 . 2 . 1 Communications Interface Equip­
ment. A portion of a relay system (shown in
Fig 1 ) which transmits information from the
relay logic to a communications link, or con­
versely to logic, for example, audio tone equip­
ment, a carrier transmitter-receiver when an
integral part of the relay system.
9 . 4 . 2 . 2 Computer Interface Equipment. A tem can operate satisfactorily without failure
device which interconnects a protective relay
system to an independent computer, for ex­
ample, a scanner, a buffer amplifier.
9 . 4 . 2 . 3 Relay System. As assembly usually
consisting of measuring units, relay logic, com­
munications interfaces, computer interfaces,
and necessary power supplies (as shown in Fig
1 or 2 ) .
9 . 4 . 2 . 4 Signal Circuit. A n y circuit other
than input voltage circuits, input current cir­
cuits, power supply circuits, or those circuits
which directly or indirectly control power
circuit breaker operation.
9 . 4 . 2 . 5 Common Mode Voltage. The volt­
age c o m m o n to all conductors of a group as
measured between that group at a given loca­
tion and an arbitrary reference (usually earth).
9.4.2.6 Transverse (Differential) Mode
Voltage. The voltage at a given location be­
tween two conductors of a group.
9.4.3 Devices to be Tested. The S W C test is
a design test of a relay system. It is the intent
of the SWC test to prove that a given relay sys­
or misoperation when subjected to high voltage
transients. The components which make up a
relay system vary, depending on the require­
ments of the user or the system as designed by

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 ANSI/IEEE
WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S C37.90-1978

the manufacturer. The user, the manufacturer, ISOLATING R E A C T O R T E R M I N A L S OF R E L A Y

or both must therefore decide what consti­ IF S P E C I F I E D S Y S T E M UNDER T E S T

L
(I0A, 370μΗ, 2500 V)
tutes the relay system to be tested. T w o typical
arrangements of relay systems are shown in
Figs 1 and 2 . The points of application, as de­
scribed in 9 . 5 . 2 , of all components of a relay
system shall be subjected to the SWC test.

N O T E : Design tests m a y b e m a d e o n s e l e c t e d speci­

m e n s during p r o d u c t i o n at t h e r e q u e s t o f the purchaser COUPLING CAP
IF S P E C I F I E D
w h e n s p e c i f i e d a n d agreed u p o n .
TEST R E F E R E N C E GROUND
9.5 Application of Test Wave GENERATOR

9.5.1 Conditions of the Test. The tests shall N O T E : Use s h o r t lead lengths o r c o a x i a l c a b l e .
be made under usual service conditions. These
tests shall be made at the temperature attained Fig 3
under the condition of commercial testing. Application of the C o m m o n Mode Test
9 . 5 . 1 . 1 Since the S W C test is a design test
external connection groups are shown in Table
of the relay system, it is important to duplicate
6. Details of the recommended method of ap­
as nearly as feasible the actual in-service condi­
plying the c o m m o n mode and transverse mode
tions. Where portions of the relay system are
tests are shown in Figs 3 and 4 , respectively,
manufactured by someone other than the relay
and are discussed in 9 . 5 . 3 .
manufacturer and assembled by the user, those
9.5.3 Connection Groups. Each of the five
portions may be simulated for the relay system
groups is tested with system conditions as
test. In this case, the user shall be responsible
specified in 9 . 5 . 1 . 4 .
for tests on the complete relay system.
9 . 5 . 3 . 1 Signal Circuit Tests. Signal circuits
9 . 5 . 1 . 2 The purpose of the test is t o deter­
shall be tested as follows:
mine: ( 1 ) that no component failures occur,
9 . 5 . 3 . 1 . 1 Common Mode Test. The com­
and ( 2 ) that no incorrect outputs occur, such
mon mode test is required on all connection
as trip, auxiliary output, or target lamps.
groups. For this test, one terminal of the test
9 . 5 . 1 . 3 All external connections to the
generator shall be connected to each input con­
relay system shall be considered in one of the
nection, or logical group of connections,
following five groups:
through coupling capacitors if specified in
(1) Signal circuits Table 6 , as shown in Fig 3. The other terminal
(2) Input current circuits of the test generator shall be connected to the
(3) Input voltage circuits surge reference of the system.
(4) Input power supply circuits 9 . 5 . 3 . 1 . 2 Transverse (Differential Mode)
(5) Output circuits Test. Transverse tests are preferred; their exclu­
sion shall be stated in writing by the manufac­
9 . 5 . 1 . 4 For the duration of the test, the
turer. When required, the terminals of the test
relay system, or simulated system, is to be con­
generator shall be connected to the terminals
nected and energized in its normal configura­
of a signal pair as shown in Fig 4 .
tion. The input voltage circuits are to be ener­
gized at 1 0 0 percent rated voltage. Input cur­ Fig 4
rent circuits are t o be energized at 7 5 percent Application of the Transverse Mode Test
of nominal C T rating and essentially in-phase
with the respective input circuit voltage. Input TERMINALS OF RELAY
SYSTEM UNDER TEST
voltage to power supply circuits must be within
specified limits.
9.5.2 Points of Application of SWC Test. In
block diagram format, Figs 1 and 2 shows speci­
fic points of application as related to the relay TEST
system configuration. Tests at these points of GENERATOR
application are considered the minimum re­
quirements for equipment used in relay sys­
tems. The test requirements for the various

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

Table 6
Test Requirements for the
Various External Connection Groups of a Relay System

C o m m o n M o d e Test
( R e q u i r e d o n all Circuits)

Reactors Required Coupling Caps

Connection Group Yes No Yes No

I n p u t / O u t p u t Signal Circuits X X
I n p u t Current X X
Input Voltage X X
Input Power Supply(s) X X
O u t p u t Circuits
(a) Thyristor* X X
( b ) Contacts X X

* Includes a n y o u t p u t w h i c h is s w i t c h e d b y a thyristor o r s o m e o t h e r elec­

tronic type device.

9 . 5 . 3 . 2 Current Circuit Tests. With system
conditions as specified in 9 . 5 . 1 . 4 , all like input
current circuits shall be surge tested as a unit.
This is a test of the c o m m o n mode surge pro­
tection of the system. For this test, the in­
put current circuits of a like group (that is,
phase 1, phase 2 , phase 3 ) should be connected
via suitable coupling to one terminal of the test
generator as shown in Fig 3. The other terminal
of the test generator shall be connected to the
surge reference of the system. If the current
circuit has provision for the circuit residual
current to pass through an electrically separate
circuit of the relay, then these connections
shall also be treated as an input current circuit
and tested in a similar manner. Likewise, each
group of input current circuits, such as polariz­
ing circuits, shall be tested.
9 . 5 . 3 . 3 Voltage Circuit Tests. With system
conditions as specified in 9 . 5 . 1 . 4 all like input
voltage circuits shall be surge tested as a unit.
This is a test of the c o m m o n mode surge pro­
tection of the system. For this test, the input
voltage circuits of a like group (that is, phase 1,
phase 2 , phase 3) shall be connected via suit­
able coupling to one terminal of the test gen­
erator. The other terminal of the test generator
shall be connected to the surge reference of the
system. In a similar manner, each group of
input voltage circuits, such as polarizing cir­
cuits, shall be tested.
9 . 5 . 3 . 4 Input Power Supply Tests. With
system conditions as specified in 9 . 5 . 1 . 4 , each
input power supply circuit shall be surge tested
as a unit.
9.5.3.4.1 Common Mode Tests.
test, one terminal of the test generator shall be
connected with suitable coupling (for example,
a 1 0 0 0 V , 0.1 μ¥) capacitors to each power
supply terminal. The other terminal of the test
generator shall be connected to the surge ref­
erence of the system. An isolating inductor (for
example, an R F choke rated 1 0 A , 2 5 0 0 V , 3 7 0
μ Η ) shall be inserted in each source lead. Each
power supply shall be tested if there is more
than one.
9 . 5 . 3 . 4 . 2 Transverse Mode Tests. For this
test, the terminals of the test generator shall be
connected to power supply terminals using
suitable ( 1 0 0 0 V , 0.1 /zF) coupling capacitors.
An isolating inductor ( 1 0 A , 2 5 0 0 V , 3 7 0 μ Η )
shall be inserted in each source lead. Each pow­
er supply shall be tested if there is more than
one.
9 . 5 . 3 . 5 Tests on Output Circuits. With sys­
tem conditions as specified in 9 . 5 . 1 . 4 output
circuits shall be tested as follows.
9 . 5 . 3 . 5 . 1 Common Mode Test. For this
test, one terminal of the test generator shall be
connected to each output connection, or
logical group of connections. The other
terminal of the test generator shall be con­
nected to the surge reference of the system.
9 . 5 . 3 . 5 . 2 Transverse Mode Test. For this
test, one terminal of the test generator shall be
connected to one output connection of a pair
or logical group and the other terminal of the
test generator shall be connected to another
output connection of a pair or logical group.
The test shall be repeated for other pairs until
For this each pair has been tested.

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WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S
N O T E : S o m e o u t p u t circuits (that is, relay c o n t a c t s )
m a y n o t require surge p r o t e c t i o n ; h o w e v e r , t h e y shall
b e tested e v e n t h o u g h their o n l y link t o the s y s t e m
is through c o u p l i n g t o adjacent wiring and c o m p o n e n t s .
9 . 5 . 4 Acceptance. A test is successful when
no erroneous output is present, no component
failure occurs, and there is no change in calibra­
tion exceeding normal tolerances. A n er­
roneous output is one that presents false in­
formation, such as target lights, trip pulses,
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ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978
and in some applications carrier bursts, car­
rier interruptions.
N O T E : S q u e l c h o p e r a t i o n is n o t c o n s i d e r e d false o r
erroneous information.
9 . 5 . 5 Test Data. A copy of the n o load wave­
form, details of the surge generator circuit, and
a description of the tests conducted shall be
supplied upon request.
9 . 5 . 6 Equipment Changes. SWC tests shall be
required following significant equipment de­
sign changes.
 Appendix A

( T h i s A p p e n d i x is n o t a part o f A N S I / I E E E C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 8 , A m e r i c a n National Standards R e l a y s and R e l a y Systems

A s s o c i a t e d with Electric P o w e r A p p a r a t u s . )

SWC Test Supporting Evidence

and Bibliography

A l . Supporting Evidence
the equipment to a continuous voltage for a
longer time, and, therefore, is potentially more
The purpose of this section is to provide
damaging to equipment.
background information on the choice of
Arguments favoring the oscillatory test are
values for the surge withstand capability
based on the observation that most field test
(SWC) test waveform.
data show clear evidence of oscillatory tran­
There were four fundamental questions
sients.
which affected the working group's final
Furthermore, stray coupling of high frequen­
choice of values for the SWC test. These were:
cy oscillatory transients can produce inter­
(1) Are typical surges unidirectional or os­
ference with equipment operation more readily
cillatory?
because of the more rapid rates of change of
(2) If surges are oscillatory, what frequen­
currents and voltage produced. Therefore, it
cies are typical?
is claimed, it should be more effective in caus­
(3) What practical value of crest voltage
ing possible false tripping of static relays.
should be specified?
Finally, several members expressed the
(4) What source impedance should the gen­
opinion that the major concern is surges origi­
erator have?
nating external to the control circuits. Ex­
The following summarizes the salient points
perience has shown that these sources tend to
of the working group's discussions on each of
induce only oscillatory transients, whereas
these questions.
surge sources within the control circuits pro­
Al.l Unidirectional or Oscillatory? Opinion duce both oscillatory and unidrectional surges
was somewhat divided on this point. A minor­ depending on circuit conditions. Hence, the
ity was in favor of a unidirectional impulse emphasis on oscillatory surges.
type waveform similar to the 1.2 X 5 0 μβ im­
pulse used for high voltage insulation tests. A 1 . 2 What Frequency? It appears that the pro­
The British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers posed 1.5 M H z figure was first suggested by
Association ( B E A M A ) surge test uses an im­ W. K. Sonnemann in June 1 9 6 4 . Apparently,
pulse waveform. Reasons supporting this posi­ he had measured 1 2 5 0 V crest at this frequen­
tion are that it represents a more energetic cy during field tests on a 1 6 1 k V system. The
source than the oscillatory test and it subjects measurements reportedly were made on the

Fig A l
Typical SWC Test Current

5kVGAP 300 Λ

120 V CI - ± - · 0 | 5
>"τ TEST
Ll JO.TSijH •300Λ SPECIMEN
60 Hz
loo * a l o w
•VW
120 V - 7 2 0 0 V

Τ s 6 — 1 0 MS t o Vi value
Ci = m i c a t y p e
L i =; 3 turns Vi in c o p p e r t u b i n g o r equivalent o n 2Vi in
diameter f o r m

N O T E : S o u r c e i m p e d a n c e equals o p e n circuit v o l t a g e divided b y short circuit current, o r 1 5 0 Ω .

21

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978
secondary circuits of capacitor potential de­
vices during disconnecting switch operations.
In June 1 9 6 6 , Η . T. Seeley endorsed the 1.5
MHz figure in correspondence with R . E .
Dietrich.
Data on control circuit surges reported in
various technical papers give frequencies from
5.0 k H z to several megahertz. Most of these
surges were induced from various kinds of E H V
switching operations external to the control
circuits. There have been some indications that
switching phenomena in the control circuits
themselves produce even higher frequencies,
many megahertz, in addition to unidirectional
surges. However, no data to support this indica­
tion have been published.
Reliable data on surge waveforms are scarce.
If one extracts data from the dozen or so pub­
lished papers on field measurements, less than
100 data points are obtained. Nevertheless,
these data are useful in obtaining a general pic­
ture of the range of surge characteristics. Fig
A 2 is a plot of such data. Crest voltage is
plotted versus frequency, one point for each
test in which both parameters were reported.
The coordinates of the proposed S W C test are
also plotted for comparison.
A1.3 What Crest Voltage? Early proposals for
the SWC test originated from W. K. Sonne-
mann's suggestion of 1 2 5 0 V at 1.5 M H z . As
Fig A 2
Control Circuit Transient Data
Ιθ5
o °
oo oo
0
ft
SP
o °
> 100
10
0.OOI 0.01 0.1 I 10
FREQUENCY, MHz
O PUBLISHED DATA
Β PROPOSED SWC T E S T (BOX SHOWS
APPROXIMATE RANGES)
N O T E : This is a p l o t o f v o l t a g e m a g n i t u d e versus fre­
q u e n c y as d i s p l a y e d o n field test c a t h o d e - r a y o s c i l l o ­
grams. O n l y t h o s e data are indicated f o r w h i c h b o t h
parameters are o b t a i n e d f r o m the o s c i l l o g r a m o f the
surge w a v e f o r m .
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RELAYS A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED
more data became available, it became evident
that a higher value was desirable and it was
thought important t o coordinate this value
with secondary circuit insulation rating. A
value of 2 5 0 0 V received general approval. This
figure was based on these considerations. Tech­
nology is now available to design circuitry ex­
ternal to the relay to limit surges impressed on
the relays to a maximum of 2 . 5 k V . This value
has a crest which is slightly in excess of the
relay 1.0 min dielectric test.
Actual test data shown in Fig A 2 exceed 2 . 5
kV by substantial amounts. Because these
levels would present hazards to secondary
cables and apparatus insulation as well as to
the relays it becomes obvious that other
means would need to be taken to minimize
their magnitude to conform with equipment
insulation ratings. It does not make sense
then to specify a relay surge test voltage
above insulation ratings.
A1.4 Test Source Impedance? The first re­
corded discussion of the test source imped­
ance occurred in January 1 9 6 7 , when the
working group was considering three sub­
mitted values, 5 0 , 1 5 0 , and 3 0 0 Ω . It was also
brought to the group's attention that the
B E A M A unidirectional test specified 4 9 5 Ω .
After some deliberation, the value of 1 5 0 Ω
was selected as representing a realistic com­
promise.
Data on this factor are rather meager and
are based on measurements made at lower
frequencies, 0.1 to 0.2 M H z . They show values
ranging from 5 0 to 1 0 0 Ω . Only one reference
has been found which gives data at 1.5 M H z
<9 which may pertain to this question. This is a
a report by J. H . Bull of the Electrical Research
o Association, which shows data on the mea­
sured surge impedance of various low voltage
indoor power wiring systems over the fre­
1\
quency range 0 . 0 0 1 to 1 0 . 0 M H z . Average
values at 1.5 M H z ranged from 5 0 to 1 0 0 Ω . If
these systems can be compared to usual station
control circuit wiring systems, then it would
100 seem that the 1 5 0 Ω value is a little on the high
side, but not overly so.
A2. Bibliography
[1] B L U M E , L. F., and B E W L E Y , L. V .
Switching Surges with Transformer
Load-Ratio Control Contactors. AIEE
22
 ANSI/IEEE
WITH ELECTRIC POWER A P P A R A T U S C37.90-1978

Transactions, vol 5 6 , pp 1 4 6 4 — 1 4 7 5 , Journal of Japan, vol 7 , no 2 , 1 9 6 2 , pp

December 1 9 3 7 . 65-72.
[2] T A Y L O R , J. R . , and R A N D A L L , C. E. [13] D I E T R I C H , R . E., and G I L L I E S , D . A .
Voltage Surges Caused by Contactor Shielding Measuring Circuits from Fast
Coils. Proceedings of the Institution of Rise Voltages and Currents. AIEE
Electrical Engineers ( L o n d o n ) , 1 9 4 2 . Conference Paper for Special Technical
[3] G R O V E R , F. W. Inductance Calcula­ Conference on Extra High Voltage
tions — Working Formula and Tables. Communications, Control and Relay­
New Y o r k : Dover Publications Incor­ ing, March 1 9 6 2 , Dallas, Texas.
porated, 1 9 4 6 . [14] W A L L A C E , J. B. A Study of Surge
[4] H A L M A N , T. R . , and H A R R I S , L. K. Voltages Occurring on the Control Bus
Voltage Surges in Relay Control Cir­ at Walton Station. Presented at the
cuits. AIEE Transactions, vol 6 7 , pp AIEE Special Technical Conference,
1693-1701, 1948. Dallas, Texas, March 1 9 6 2 .
[5] A n A I E E Committee Report. Insula­ [15] C A L L O W , J. Α . , and M A C K L E Y , K. W.
tion Level of Relay Control Circuits. Impulsive Overvoltages on Secondary
AIEE Transactions, vol 6 8 , pp 1 2 5 5 — Circuits of 3 3 0 k V Capacitor Voltage
1257,1949. Transformer. Snowy Mountain Hydro­
[6] G O O D I N G , F. H . , and S L A D E , Η. B. electric Authority, C I G R E , 1 9 6 2 , Re­
Shielding of Communication Cables. port 1 3 6 .
AIEE Transactions (Communication [16] G I L L I E S , D . Α . , and R A M B E R G , H. C.
and Electronics), vol 7 4 , pp 3 7 8 — 3 8 6 , D I E T R I C H , R. E . , and S C H A U F E L -
July 1 9 5 5 . B E R G E R , F. G. Field Switching Surge
[7] V O N B E R G E R , K. Necessity and Pro­ Instrumentation and Results of T w o -
tective Value of Metallic Secondary Step Switching Tests Conducted by the
Cable Sheaths in High Voltage Installa­ Bonneville Power Administration. IEEE
tions and in High Mountain Applica­ Transactions on Power Apparatus and
tions as Example of Protective Action Systems (Special Supplement 1963),
of Faraday Screens. Zurich SEV Bulle­ pp 2 5 8 - 2 7 9 .
tin, vol 5 1 , no 1 1 , June 4 , 1 9 6 0 , pp [17] S O N N E M A N N , W. K. A Laboratory
549-563. Study of High-Voltage High-Frequency
[8] A R M S T R O N G , H. R . , and M I L L E R , Transients. Presented at the Texas
B. D . A Surge-Impedance Analog of A&M Protective Relay Conference,
a Large Generating Plant Switchyard. April 1 9 6 5 .
AIEE Transactions (Power Apparatus [18] G I L L I E S , D . A . , and R A M B E R G , H.C.
and Systems), vol 7 9 , pp 1 0 5 0 — 1 0 5 4 , The Effects of Transient Voltages on
February 1 9 6 1 . Measurements Within a Switchyard.
[9] S E E L E Y , Η . T . Protection of Control Pacific Northwest Instrumentation
Circuit Rectifiers Against Surges from Conference, I S A , April 1 9 6 5 .
DC Coil Interruption. AIEE Transac­ [19] M O R R I S O N , R . Shielding and Ground­
tions (Power Apparatus and Systems), ing for Instrumentation Systems. Elec­
vol 8 0 , pp 8 7 1 - 8 7 9 , December 1 9 6 1 . tromechanical Design, February 1 9 6 6 ,
[10] I D A , E . S. Reducing Electrical Inter­ pp 5 6 - 5 9 .
ference. Control Engineering, February [20] O N S A G E R , R . W . Power Supply Re­
1 9 6 2 , pp 1 0 7 - 1 1 1 . quirements for Computers. Proceedings
[11] S O N N E M A N N , W. K. Transient Volt­ of the American Power Conference,
ages in Relay Control Circuits. AIEE vol X X V I I I , 1 9 6 6 , pp 1 0 3 4 - 1 9 4 8 .
Transactions (Power Apparatus and [21] T U R N E R , J. A . Voltage Surges in Re­
Systems), vol 8 0 , pp 1155—1161, lay Control Circuits. Interim Report
February 1 9 6 2 . IEEE Surge Phenomena Subcommittee
[121 Y A M A M U R A , Y . , and others. On the of Power System Relaying Committee,
Voltage Induced in the Interconnected IEEE Conference Paper no 31PP66-
Earth Network and the Control Circuit 3 1 4 . Presented at the 1 9 6 6 Summer
by Impulse Current. Electrotechnical Power Meeting.

23

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978
[22] S M I T H , L. E. Voltages Induced in Con­
trol Cable from Arcing 5 0 0 k V
Switches. IEEE Conference Paper, n o
3 1 P P 6 6 - 4 6 7 . Presented at the 1 9 6 6
Summer Power Meeting.
[23] Recommended Transient Voltage Tests
Applicable to Transistorized Relays.
British Electrical and Allied Manufac­
turers Association ( B E A M A ) , Publica­
tion no 2 1 9 , November 1 9 6 6 .
[24] S L A D E K , N . J. Electromagnetic Inter­
ference Control. Science and Engineer­
ing Series, Electro-Technology, no 9 5 ,
November 1 9 6 6 .
[25] S O N N E M A N N , W . K., and M A R I E N I ,
G. J. A Review of Transient Voltages
in Control Circuits. Presented at the
Relay Committee Meeting, Pennsylvania
Electric Association, February 1 9 6 7 .
[26] G I L L I E S , D . Α . , R O G E R S , E. J., and
R A M B E R G , H. C. Transient Voltages
— High Voltage Capacitor Switching.
Presented at the Texas A & M Protective
Relay Conference, April 1 9 6 7 .
[27] G I L L I E S , D . Α . , and R A M B E R G , H. C.
Methods for Reducing Induced Volt­
ages in Secondary Circuits. IEEE Trans­
actions on Power Apparatus and Sys­
tems, vol PAS-86, pp 9 0 7 — 9 1 6 , July
1967.
[28] K O T H E I M E R , W. C. Control Circuit
Transients in Electric Power Systems.
Presented at the Texas A & M Protec­
tive Relay Conference, April 1 9 6 8 .
[29] S O N N E M A N N , W. K . , and F E L T O N ,
R. J. Transient Voltage Measurement
Techniques. IEEE Transactions on
Power Apparatus and Systems, vol
P A S - 8 7 , pp 1 1 7 3 - 1 1 7 9 , April 1 9 6 8 .
[30] D I E N N E , G., and W E R Y , R . Induced
Interference in Wiring Feeding Pro­
tective Relays. Progress Report of
Study Committee no 4, Appendix 2,
C I G R E , 1 9 6 8 , Report 3 1 - 0 1 .
[31] B I R C H , F. H . , B U R R O W S , C. H., and
T U R N E R , H. J. Investigation into
Transient Overvoltages in Secondary
Wiring at Switching Stations. C I G R E ,
1 9 6 8 , Report 3 1 - 0 4 .
[32] P A D D I S O N , E. Protection of Relays
Against Surges and Overvoltages. Pre­
sented at the Symposium on Distance
Protection, University of Manchester,
England, September 1 9 6 8 .
24
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R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED
[33] G A R T O N , H. L., and S T O L T , Η. K.
Field Tests and Corrective Measures
for Suppression of Transients on Solid
State Devices in E H V Stations. Pro­
ceedings of the American Power Con­
ference, vol 3 1 , 1 9 6 9 , pp 1 0 2 9 - 1 0 3 8 .
[34] K O T H E I M E R , W. C. The Influence of
Station Design on Control Circuit
Transients. Proceedings of the Amer­
ican Power Conference, vol 3 1 , 1 9 6 9 ,
pp 1 0 2 1 - 1 0 2 8 .
[35] B U D Z I L O V I C H , P. N. Electrical Noise,
its Nature, Causes, Solutions. Control
Engineering, May 1 9 6 9 .
[36] M O O R E , L. E . , and C H U N G , Η. Y .
Transient Effects on Solid State Relays
for E H V Lines. Presented at the Mid­
west Power Symposium, Minneapolis,
Minnesota, October 1 9 6 9 .
[37] S E E L E Y , Η . T . , a n d E M M E R L I N G , E.J.
The W h y and H o w of Surge Control in
Station Relaying. Proceedings of Amer­
ican Power Conference, vol 3 2 , 1 9 7 0 ,
pp 1 0 4 6 - 1 0 5 3 .
[38] D I E T R I C H , R . E., R A M B E R G , H. C ,
and B A R B E R , J. C. B.P.A. Experience
with EMI Measurement and Shielding
in E H V Substations. Proceedings of the
American Power Conference, vol 3 2 ,
1 9 7 0 , pp 1 0 5 4 - 1 0 6 1 .
[39] S U T T O N , H. J. Transient Pickup in
5 0 0 k V Control Circuits. Proceedings
of the American Power Conference,
vol 3 2 , 1 9 7 0 , pp 1 0 6 2 - 1 0 6 9 .
[40] C H A D W I C K , J. W . , Jr. Proposed IEEE
Surge Withstand Capability Test for
Solid State Relays. Proceedings of the
American Power Conference, vol 3 2 ,
1 9 7 0 , pp 1 0 7 0 - 1 0 7 5 .
[41] S U T T O N , H. J. Transients Induced in
Control Cables Located in E H V Sub­
station. IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems, vol PAS-89,
pp 1 0 6 9 - 1 0 8 1 , July/August 1 9 7 0 .
[42] HICKS, R . L. Control of Transient
Interference on Station Wiring. On­
tario Hydro. PEA Relay Committee
Minutes, October 1 9 7 0 .
[43] HICKS, R . L., and JONES, D . E.
Transient Voltages on Power Station
Wiring. IEEE Transactions on Power
Apparatus and Systems, vol PAS-90,
pp 2 6 1 - 2 6 9 , January/February 1 9 7 1 .
 Appendix 6

(This Appendix is not a part of A N S I / I E E E C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 8 , American National Standard Relays and Relay Systems
Associated with Electric Power Apparatus.)

Graphical Illustrations of Relay Terminology

MODIFIED IMPEDANCE RELAY

ft

(b)

FigBl
(a) Operating Characteristic of Distance Relays; (b) Operating
Characteristics o f Distance Relays that are Inherently Directional

25

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 ANSI/IEEE
C37.90-1978 R E L A Y S A N D R E L A Y SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED

r NORMAL MOVEMENT OF
RELAY WHEN CURRENT
G R E A T E R T H A N PICKUP
IS A P P L I E D

U CRITICAL IMPULSE TIME »JCRJTICAL OVERTRAVEL TIME [·—

[ • — — C H A R A C T E R ι S T IC O P E R A T I N G TIME • *L RESET TIME -

Fig B 2
Relationship of Relay Operating Time for
Electromechanical Relays

C MODERATELY INVERSE

6 VERY INVERSE

G EXTREMELY INVERSE

Fig B 3
Typical Operating Characteristic Curve Shapes of
Various Inverse-Time Relays

26

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 C 3 7 . 4 2 - 1 9 8 1 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s for Distribution Cutouts
and Fuse Links ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 4 - 1 9 8 1 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s for Distribution Oil Cut­
outs and Fuse Links ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 5 - 1 9 8 1 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s for Distribution Enclosed
Single-Pole Air Switches ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 6 - 1 9 8 1 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s for P o w e r Fuses and Fuse
D i s c o n n e c t i n g Switches ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 7 - 1 9 8 1 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s for Distribution Fuse Dis­
c o n n e c t i n g Switches, Fuse S u p p o r t s , and Current-
Limiting Fuses ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 8 - 1 9 6 9 ( R 1 9 7 4 ) G u i d e for A p p l i c a t i o n , Opera­
tion, and Maintenance o f Distribution C u t o u t s and
Fuse Links, S e c o n d a r y Fuses, Distribution E n c l o s e d
Single-Pole Air S w i t c h e s , P o w e r Fuses, Fuse D i s c o n ­
necting S w i t c h e s , and A c c e s s o r i e s ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 4 8 a Trial-Use Standard A p p l i c a t i o n o f Fuses in
Enclosures ( R e v i s i o n o f S e c t i o n 8, A N S I C 3 7 . 4 7 -
1969) (ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 5 0 - 1 9 7 3 Test P r o c e d u r e s f o r L o w - V o l t a g e A C
P o w e r Circuit Breakers Used in Enclosures, (includes
supplements C 3 7 . 5 0 a - 1 9 7 5 and C 5 7 . 5 0 b - 1 9 7 5 ) ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 5 1 - 1 9 7 9 C o n f o r m a n c e Testing o f Metal-Enclosed
L o w - V o l t a g e A C P o w e r Circuit Breaker Switchgear As­
semblies ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 5 2 - 1 9 7 4 Test P r o c e d u r e s for L o w - V o l t a g e A C
P o w e r Circuit P r o t e c t o r s Used in Enclosures ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 6 0 - 1 9 8 1 R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Overhead, Pad M o u n t e d ,
Dry Vault, and Submersible A u t o m a t i c Circuit R e ­
closers and Fault Interrupters f o r A C Systems ( A N S I /
IEEE)
C 3 7 . 6 1 - 1 9 7 3 G u i d e for the A p p l i c a t i o n , O p e r a t i o n ,
and Maintenance o f A u t o m a t i c Circuit R e c l o s e r s
(ANSI/IEEE)
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C 3 7 . 6 3 - 1 9 6 9 ( R 1 9 7 4 ) R e q u i r e m e n t s for A u t o m a t i c
Line Sectionalizers for Alternating-Current Systems,
(includes s u p p l e m e n t C 3 7 . 6 3 a - 1 9 7 3 ) ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 6 6 - 1 9 6 9 ( R 1 9 7 4 ) R e q u i r e m e n t s for Oil-Filled
C a p a c i t o r Switches for Alternating-Current Systems
(ANSI)
C 3 7 . 8 5 - 1 9 7 2 ( R 1 9 7 8 ) Safety R e q u i r e m e n t s for X -
R a d i a t i o n Limits f o r A C High-Voltage P o w e r V a c u u m
Interrupters Used in P o w e r Switchgear (includes sup­
plement C 3 7 . 8 5 a - 1 9 7 2 ) ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 9 0 - 1 9 7 8 ( R 1 9 8 2 ) R e l a y s and R e l a y Systems As­
s o c i a t e d with Electric P o w e r Apparatus ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 9 0 a - 1 9 7 4 ( R 1 9 7 9 ) G u i d e for Surge Withstand Ca­
pability ( S W C ) Tests ( S u p p l e m e n t t o A N S I / I E E E
C37.90-1978) (ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 9 1 - 1 9 6 7 ( R 1 9 7 9 ) G u i d e for Protective R e l a y A p ­
p l i c a t i o n s t o P o w e r Transformers ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 9 3 - 1 9 7 6 G u i d e f o r Protective R e l a y A p p l i c a t i o n s
o f A u d i o T o n e s o v e r T e l e p h o n e Channels ( A N S I /
IEEE)
C 3 7 . 9 5 - 1 9 7 3 ( R 1 9 7 9 ) G u i d e f o r Protective Relaying
o f Utility-Consumer I n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 9 6 - 1 9 7 6 G u i d e f o r A C M o t o r P r o t e c t i o n (super­
sedes C 3 7 . 9 2 - 1 9 7 2 and C 3 7 . 9 4 - 1 9 7 2 ) ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 9 7 - 1 9 7 9 G u i d e for Protective R e l a y A p p l i c a t i o n s
t o P o w e r S y s t e m Buses ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 9 8 - 1 9 7 8 Standard f o r Seismic Testing o f Relays
(This standard c o m p l e m e n t s A N S I / I E E E 3 4 4 - 1 9 7 5 )
(ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 9 9 - 1 9 8 0 G u i d e f o r the P r o t e c t i o n o f Shunt Capa­
c i t o r Banks ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 1 0 0 - 1 9 8 1 Definitions for P o w e r Switchgear ( A N S I /
IEEE)
 Related Standards in the C37 Series
C 3 7 . 0 4 - 1 9 7 9 Rating Structure for A C H i g h - V o l t a g e
Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current Basis
( C o n s o l i d a t e d e d i t i o n , Including s u p p l e m e n t s C 3 7 . 0 4 a ,
C 3 7 . 0 4 D , and C 3 7 . 0 4 c ) , ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 0 6 - 1 9 7 9 Preferred Ratings and R e l a t e d R e q u i r e d
Capabilities f o r A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers
R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current Basis ( C o n s o l i d a t e d
edition, ANSI)
C 3 7 . 0 9 - 1 9 7 9 Test P r o c e d u r e for A C H i g h - V o l t a g e
Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current
Basis ( C o n s o l i d a t e d e d i t i o n , A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 0 1 0 - 1 9 7 9 Application Guide for A C High-Voltage
Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current
Basis ( C o n s o l i d a t e d e d i t i o n , A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 0 1 1 - 1 9 7 9 A p p l i c a t i o n G u i d e f o r Transient R e ­
c o v e r y V o l t a g e f o r A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers
R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current Basis ( C o n s o l i d a t e d
edition, ANSI/IEEE) (Revision o f C 3 7 . 0 7 2 1 - 1 9 7 1 )
C 3 7 . 0 1 2 - 1 9 7 9 A p p l i c a t i o n G u i d e f o r C a p a c i t a n c e Cur­
rent S w i t c h i n g o f A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers
R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l Current Basis, ( C o n s o l i d a t e d
edition) (ANSI/IEEE) (Revision o f C 3 7 . 0 7 3 1 - 1 9 7 3 )
C 3 7 . 0 8 1 - 1 9 8 1 G u i d e for S y n t h e t i c Fault Testing o f A C
H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l
Current Basis ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 1 - 1 9 7 9 Standard D e f i n i t i o n , S p e c i f i c a t i o n and
Analysis o f Manual, A u t o m a t i c , and Supervisory Sta­
t i o n C o n t r o l and D a t a A c q u i s i t i o n ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 2 - 1 9 7 9 Standard Electrical P o w e r S y s t e m D e v i c e
Function Numbers (ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 4 - 1 9 5 3 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) Definitions and Rating Struc­
ture for A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a
T o t a l Current Basis [ i n c l u d e s s u p p l e m e n t s C 3 7 . 4 a -
1 9 5 8 ( R 1 9 6 6 ) and C 3 7 . 4 b - 1 9 7 0 ( R 1 9 7 1 ) (reaffirmed
with c h a n g e in t i t l e ) ] ( A N S I ) and C 3 7 . 4 c - 1 9 8 0 ( A N S I /
IEEE)
C 3 7 . 5 - 1 9 7 9 G u i d e f o r Calculation o f Fault Currents
f o r A p p l i c a t i o n o f A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers
R a t e d o n a T o t a l Current Basis ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 6 - 1 9 7 1 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) S c h e d u l e s o f Preferred Ratings
f o r A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a T o t a l
Current Basis ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 7 - 1 9 6 0 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) (reaffirmed with change in title)
Interrupting Rating F a c t o r s for R e c l o s i n g Service
for A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a T o t a l
Current Basis ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 9 - 1 9 5 3 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) (reaffirmed w i t h c h a n g e in title)
Test C o d e f o r A C H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d
o n a T o t a l Current Basis [ i n c l u d e s s u p p l e m e n t C 3 7 . 9 a -
1970 ( R 1971)] (ANSI)
C 3 7 . 1 1 - 1 9 7 5 R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Electrical C o n t r o l f o r
A C High V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m ­
metrical Current Basis a n d a T o t a l Current Basis
(ANSI)
C37.12-1969 ( R 1 9 7 4 ) Guide Specifications for A C
H i g h - V o l t a g e Circuit Breakers R a t e d o n a S y m m e t r i c a l
Current Basis and a T o t a l Current Basis ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 1 3 - 1 9 8 1 L o w - V o l t a g e A C P o w e r Circuit Breakers
Used in Enclosures ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 1 4 - 1 9 7 9 L o w - V o l t a g e D C P o w e r Circuit Breakers
Used in Enclosures ( A N S I / I E E E )
Authorized licensed use limited to: King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok. Downloaded on July 29,2016 at 03:53:00 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
C 3 7 . 1 6 - 1 9 7 9 Preferred Ratings, R e l a t e d R e q u i r e m e n t s
f o r and A p p l i c a t i o n R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s for L o w -
V o l t a g e P o w e r Circuit Breakers and A C P o w e r Cir­
cuit P r o t e c t o r s (revision o f C 3 7 . 1 6 - 1 9 7 3 ) ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 1 7 - 1 9 7 9 T r i p Devices f o r A C and General Purpose
D C L o w - V o l t a g e P o w e r Circuit Breakers ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 1 8 - 1 9 7 9 Standard Field Discharge Circuit Breakers
Used in Enclosures f o r R o t a t i n g Electric Machinery
(ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 2 0 - 1 9 7 4 Switchgear A s s e m b l i e s , Including Metal-
E n c l o s e d Bus ( i n c l u d e s s u p p l e m e n t C 3 7 . 2 0 a - 1 9 7 0 ,
C37.20b-1972, C37.20c-1974, C37.20d-1978) (Con­
solidated edition, A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 2 3 - 1 9 7 0 ( R 1 9 7 7 ) G u i d e f o r Calculating Losses in
Isolated-Phase Bus ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 2 4 - 1 9 7 1 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) G u i d e f o r Evaluating the Effect
o f Solar R a d i a t i o n o n O u t d o o r Metal-Clad Switchgear
(ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 2 6 - 1 9 7 2 ( R 1 9 7 7 ) Guide for Methods o f Power
F a c t o r Measurement f o r L o w - V o l t a g e Inductive Test
Circuits ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 2 7 - 1 9 7 2 A p p l i c a t i o n G u i d e for L o w - V o l t a g e A C
Non-Integrally F u s e d P o w e r Circuit Breakers (Using
Separately M o u n t e d Current-Limiting Fuses) ( A N S I /
IEEE)
C 3 7 . 2 9 - 1 9 7 4 Standard f o r Low-Voltage A C Power
Circuit P r o t e c t o r s Used in Enclosures ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 3 0 - 1 9 7 1 Definitions and R e q u i r e m e n t s for High-
V o l t a g e A i r S w i t c h e s , Insulators, and Bus Supports
(ANSI/IEEE)
C37.30a-1975 Supplement to C37.30-1971, (ANSI/
I E E E ) ( s o l d separately)
C 3 7 . 3 1 - 1 9 6 2 ( R 1 9 6 9 ) Electrical and Mechanical Char­
acteristics o f I n d o o r Apparatus Insulators ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 3 2 - 1 9 7 2 S c h e d u l e s o f Preferred Ratings, Manu­
facturing S p e c i f i c a t i o n s , and A p p l i c a t i o n G u i d e for
H i g h - V o l t a g e Air S w i t c h e s , Bus S u p p o r t s , and Switch
Accessories ( A N S I )
C37.33-1970 ( R 1 9 7 6 ) R a t e d C o n t r o l V o l t a g e s and
their Ranges for High-Voltage Air Switches ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 3 4 - 1 9 7 1 ( R 1 9 7 7 ) Test C o d e for High-Voltage Air
Switches ( A N S I / I E E E )
C37.34a-1975 supplement to C37.34-1971, sold
separately
C 3 7 . 3 5 - 1 9 7 6 G u i d e f o r the A p p l i c a t i o n , Installation,
O p e r a t i o n , and Maintenance o f H i g h - V o l t a g e Air Dis­
c o n n e c t i n g and L o a d Interrupter Switches ( A N S I )
C 3 7 . 3 7 - 1 9 7 9 L o a d i n g G u i d e f o r A C High-Voltage Air
Switches (In Excess o f 1 0 0 0 V o l t s ) (revision o f C 3 7 . 3 7 -
1971) (ANSI/IEEE)
C 3 7 . 4 0 - 1 9 8 1 Service C o n d i t i o n s and Definitions for
High-Voltage Fuses, Distribution E n c l o s e d Single-Pole
Air S w i t c h e s , Fuse D i s c o n n e c t i n g Switches, and A c ­
cessories ( A N S I / I E E E )
C 3 7 . 4 1 - 1 9 8 1 Design Tests for High-Voltage Fuses,
Distribution E n c l o s e d Single-Pole Air S w i t c h e s , Fuse
D i s c o n n e c t i n g S w i t c h e s , and A c c e s s o r i e s ( A N S I / I E E E )