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    13 views4 pages

    Cell Biology PDF

    Uploaded by

    VarshLok

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    a ‘Cellular Functions Coll Structure 2013 Use graticule and stage micrometer to measure cells and be familar with urs (nilimetre, micromaire, nanometq used in CoV Studies lnereonversion of units (mm, jm, nm) ‘1mm = 10% micrometers (um) ‘ium = 10° nanometers (nm) Li er oT Sar ean ae er rere ener ea Seer aie eat Eiceieeeremreteretytt gt a eee eT rN Wels Tota ie aang mane : Ema |. oenmnn eee ate uct envy aca Presb + Sth yo outhemensson pecs erchaumas permed ans sttvenen © ee i + Contains the wuateotes & chromatin ay a = a = + Ret membranous epherels win ee - tran owe + Riowoctnsti 5 smat tocaoat + Scr amanmesomnmone |* tet ona , rose ‘ne ae bond toe ‘Chromatin. ae + Haein aia oc Attn conga reds of OWA 18: unsunesematpaes tetvoonrcnue | Santond ston prin Seobenaubemerpoesse 1. Edeimatn ony see - $Sieeruchotaes tenes for DNA pation | * Etcronsin Goh saed Eeaeion price forsee” | facial ete 3 ‘ite ner tema wei tand_| fwesjonended aa) iSgeand sal roowmal scares neve he rang on nll ree the edge of nucleus) EET 5 Smash Ste Tough ER ER) rowh eR smooh ER Reet ams —| + To mamper proton wich oe torn agin one Svea by ne reosres on x + Has ties attached othe outer ee eee oe ‘oatow pectin fo fold it thi native + Seer te mermemtrane |* [Sten emia tts ee ‘ace pon at are synthesised latened cisterae tubular cisternae oe are srt on Auteedceree und feveotonee oe A == Q 3, (are eebteted out of the cell or Se Se ) aatrprnd esate te SSS QWs, tine membrane or ca, Seco canes yesomee 16Poan carnal one suc of RER + Restate nto ote cat 8) function as a roceptor to bind the signal recognition particle bound tothe signal peptide | NB: Singur: cistema, Pluracisemae} ‘Sequence ofthe polypeptide Face SER ») holds the bound fbosomes in postion on the | Smooth + To.myathestso lipids (2.9. steroid RER surface + Ancor of membrenoueaaarancs |" youn ioe ©) allows the transport of polypeptides synthesised | called witetitae © Tochamdtp dregs & poleons (Thus SER. ‘nits rdosomes on its surface info the lumen of | + Lacks ribosomes on outer surface enna the RER, thr the hydrophobic coe of the ; RO ERI + Tometabolise carbohydrates CE > t + To modify proteins & lipids synthesised by adsing membrane protein ond ‘phospholipids to ts own membrane — men(en moses CHO char et ane face cin ge erent yeaprtcn es 2e— Gob vesces ‘3 (roduc. Tes Sxtoor masticebon socom sterenew tomas re bangtomed, | fare} UhstmfeRvesties So maturng’ | + Toor & target mdied materials o SS 3) osternae (OF rane’ face from which vesies To digest material enguifed bythe cot sarymer (phagocytosis) ook aries tg Te oh enaymes werk eatin te | + To mle enrymes om cla ‘acidic emvieonment ofthe iysosme. Thus fz | (umwanted oF worn-out Iysosome bursis, the enzymes are not very ceonmaaes (span) actve asthe cylosol has neutral pH. + Towott-destruct'a cal ater ite death However, many lysosomes burst then the (autoysis) cll wil be destroyed ‘Prepared by: Mrs. Selvomani Nair alles institution (17 56) z ‘Cellular Functions Call Stuctors ms ‘Organclle [Description Funation {rN orox aaparame + Actos Tila Tor ceria stages of serobic Surrounded by adguhigasemtrane ‘respiration fo gonorato ORaigy in the 1 the outer "= smooth am oF AEP 2. the Inner membrane Highly 1) Inner mitochondrial membrane highly convoluted wi ntoldngs cao folded & hence imereases surace eta ion ‘+ Betwoen the membranes i the atthe rH intermembrane space Teactlon & tho Krebs cycle eke 4 Cistae project nega mate rane 5 |” containing ea cemmorino sas L igumentanesesce | posemes, opis le & = | aire ence completo er ‘ membrane jets no me ‘Lens-shaped structure surrounded by a | + Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which doupie membrane ‘convert solar energy to chemical energy. Wt te cess an tinal ‘rough aotsuyetbeis va ‘caubisnseysensniacmctss of | 1Stectghtaopentent reactions Siibne sss eto ee o Ge. yee & nove Siac of tyskoe= anon) Drotphosphoryaion) wich ccs in Seerel retard imentrane Alzhann ctsepastsurcunding te | 2)Ste ottgnemsependenreacSon ane's cabot eee ona Seen cnemeoms acai Star DNa,tas ribosome, nearer grin) (Na: ke baci, toh chops & Soabiepnytiiceeton se wcated on | ritchond conan cra OWA 70S the tyne menarene ‘Secon Thos oe endomot eBjutassConpioantaois | tory wnicn proposed et res ofthe ‘*Emoroe stn come ‘ioctonrie and choot wee en hg ‘coro rota me Consist of an a 2 Acanwte sats (408) * he'ytona araoandto ER or stor . membrane cfauearametpe as he | (NS: Foe rtosomes prodice proteins tat tg subunit (608) ERs contououswintnomtear | Union witin the” Grows whe bound envelope) during rancaion The smal! | ribosomes” synthesise proteins meant fr inserfon into’ membranes, packaging. witin crganeles or secretion out of cal) To act a5 eon (TOC) daring spade Formation nce sion tot i= @ + Tratwo ete yee pated | oy G Deamnleoer erase INS: 1) Owing ce dion, he cenles i Soe + Foundinaregoncatedthe epteate 8 move t opposte ens ofthe “taal fecntzosome wich is hermcrotubules.| cel They pay oleh muear dion ‘organising centre (MOC) in animal cos by helping w expanse the oss section contest bt ne Se pind foes (which sre made up of L. {angles teach pe" ‘microtubules | eal a oer Ss 2) Infigher plants, centioles are absent.) ‘The endomembrane eysiem consists of he tadiear envelope, Tough endoplamic welculum (RER], smooth endoplasmic rebeulm (SER), Gob ‘apparatus (GA), Wsocomes and various veses and the plasma mombrane, ‘ON is transcribed inthe nucleus to mRNA>mRNA leaves the nucleus via the nuclear pores->mRNA Is translated Into polypeptides on the Hbosomes ore hp! Gn SOR ROR oo noo eg ae ane Rs Shey pee Ch Sete onsen et red Cu ee rs SCT papaai >= ‘ecu fetish he pet i bof fom he Sue acs bs Sk fanaa fleaing he tc crt othe vst y exces RDO Seon EREEAREORARI ne GA and paras {othe cal surlace membrane. Explain and distinguish between resolution and magnification Resolution: Te minimum distance whereby two pants can be separated and ei be disinguished as two points. ' | Magnification: The degre to which the viewed image slarger than the specimen, ‘M: Magnification: Length of drawing =__X (NB: 1smallest division of eyeplece gaticule under Low Power (X10 objective) = 10pm Length of specimen ‘1smallest division of eyepiece graticule under High Power (KAO objective) = 2.5m) (Units usualy used micrometers) “Rane: (FV only) Draw plan diagrams of tesues and acute Gnear magnifications of drawings ‘* When making drawings remember, STAMP m 5 Size ring mst occupy 28 of gen space Tite mustincde pane of Secon name of spcimen, name of eave celimanifcaion e 9. TS. of epdemal cl of onion (LP) A: Annotation «9. fps start 6 pul ay fom cl wa (nt steps) ‘i Btagnineaton P: Proportion: 9, Cllwal cannot be oo ick when drawing a plant cel. must be proportions to the rest of he eo ‘Frpard by. Schama Nar ats rion 5) 2 ‘Nawvans Jum CoLLEse nelBetny hit ase Cel Biology, Biomolecules and Enzymes REVISION NOTES: CELL BIOLOGY, BIOMOLECULES & ENZYMES. -y Words / Phrases, (@) Describe and interpret drawings and photographs of typical animal and plant cells as seen under the electron microscope, recognising the following membrane systems and organelles. rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, Chloroplasts, cell surface membrane, nuclear envelope, centrioles, nucleus and nucleolus. (0) Outline the functions of the membrane systems and organelles listed in (a). ‘Organelles Structure Function Cell surface membrane | Phospholipid bilaver where () Compartmentalization of cell contour’ hydrophilic heads faces aq contents from external Opmuighak pia tedium and hydrophobic tale environment puter: {acing each other in the middle of (2) Partially permeable barrier eee RCI. bilayer. allows transport of certain Pp atyropintert Main constituents are phospholipids, | molecules. aiyculipngs, Proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids Chotesterd. and cholesterol Nucleus; Spherical with a diameter of 10 um - {Controls activity of cell by # e0um: regulating protein synthesis Bound by nuclear envelope contains the, Contains deoxyribonucleic acid }matetial where DNA are (DNA) wound around histone passed from one generation ae called chromatin. fo another Ayres OF RNY a sonal et i CRNA Nucleolus Contains genes coding for Site of fRNA synthesis RNA) tRNN ‘eosomalcbonuiek 2c (ANA) _ | sto of assembly gf INA and beste a ea} bosomal proteingto form @nlagl Pes ao. ribosomal subUMIS) 4 cturlal fran ane Nuclear envelope Double membrane. ate Nuclear pore Allow transport |< suriospioxya— ‘Nuclear pores present of mRNA‘rom nucleus to | sony gnc” Medecoam etn A ie ES |e Ribosomes Non-membrane organelle, roughly | Involved in translation of |, -Kjogamr 4 “prckowgols - TOS | spherical wih a diameter of 20 nm | mRNA to synthesize proteins. |° "O° CUraryotes ~ $05 Made up of two subunis -larae and #ite vf protein symtnens | Croce concierged, ‘small subunits 799, trONT ri bed, Made up of RNA and ribosomal = yetercct rofn proteins,

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