Sec 5.8 – Sec 6.

1 – Mathematical Modeling
(Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences) Name:
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES. Find the next few terms in the sequence and then find the requested term.
1) 2 , 4, 6 , 8 , _____ , ______ , ______ …...... Find a42=

Determine the RECURSIVE DEFINITION: Determine the EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

2) 5 , 8, 11 , 14 , ______ , ______ , ______ …...... Find a33=

Determine the RECURSIVE DEFINITION: Determine the EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

3) 10 , 7, 4, 1, _____ , ______ , ______ …...... Find a29=

Determine the RECURSIVE DEFINITION: Determine the EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

M. Winking Unit 6-1 page 102

 4) Josh was making a sequence pattern out of triangle pattern blocks.

If Josh continues this pattern, how many triangles will he need to make the 20 th step of this pattern?

Functions can be used as explicit definitions for a sequence:

Consider the sequence: 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25,………. The function could be used define the
sequence where x = the term number. The domain would be {1, 2, 3, 4, ……} and the range would be {4, 7, 10, 13, ……}
5) Create a sequence based on the function:

6) Describe the domain and range of a function that might describe the sequence of {14, 11, 8, 5, ……}

7) Determine the common difference of the sequence and write a function that could be used to describe the
sequence: {14, 11, 8, 5, ……}

8) Write a recurrence relation and an explicit definition for the following table:

RECURRENCE RELATION: EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

M. Winking Unit 6-1 page 103

 9) Write a recurrence relation and an explicit definition for
the following graph:

RECURRENCE RELATION: EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES. Find the next few terms in the sequence and then find the requested term.

10) 3 , 6, 12 , 24 , _____ , ______ , ______ …...... Find a24=

RECURRENCE RELATION: EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

11) 2 , – 6, 18 , – 54 , ______ , ______ , ______ …...... Find a16=

RECURRENCE RELATION: EXPLICIT DEFINITION

M. Winking Unit 6-1 page 104

12) Create a sequence based on the function:

13) Write a recurrence relation and an explicit definition for the following table:

RECURRENCE RELATION:

EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

14) Write a recurrence relation and an explicit definition

for the following graph:

RECURRENCE RELATION: EXPLICIT DEFINITION:

SEQUENCES
15) Given that a sequence is arithmetic , a1 = 5, 16) Given that a sequence is arithmetic , a52 = 161, and
and the common difference is 4, find a37. the common difference is 3, find a1.

17) Given that a sequence is geometric , the first 18) Given that a sequence is geometric , a10 = 98415,
term is 1536, and the common ratio is ½ , and the common ratio is 3 , find a1.
find the 7th term in the sequence.

M. Winking Unit 6-1 page 105

19) The value of an ounce of silver is about $16 and over the last several years silver has increased in
value by about 7%. How much should an ounce of silver be worth 20 years from now?

20) A person was having a graduation party and noticed that only 5 people were
there after the first hour but grew in size by 61% every hour. If the size of the
party grew this way for 6 hours, how many people would be at the party on
the 6th hour?

21) Jessica is creating a drawing on her paper called a Binary Tree.

If Jessica continue drawing more and more branches, how many new branches would she need to
draw on the 12th step?

M. Winking Unit 6-1 page 106

Sec 5.8 – Sec 6.2 – Mathematical Modeling
(Arithmetic & Geometric Series) Name:

Carl Friedrich Gauss is probably one of the most noted complete mathematicians
in history. As the story goes, he was potentially reconginized for his mathematical
brilliance at the age of 8 when he was assigned busy work by his teacher for
causing disruptions in class. He was told by the teacher to add all of the numbers
between 1 and 100.
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + …………..+ 97 + 98 +99 +100 =
The teacher expected this task to take Guass several minutes to an hour to keep him busy but
Gauss did it in seconds. So, the teacher thinking he had cheated told him to add the numbers between 1 and 200.
This time Gauss didn’t even move, he just reponded with the answer. He had devised a trick to add consecutive
numbers by pairing them in a special way at the age of 8. How did he do it?

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + …………+ 96 + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100 =
101
101
101
101
101
He determined that if you find the sum of the most outer pair of numbers it sums to 101 and that the next inner pair
after that sums to 101 and so on. In short, there should be 50 pairs of numbers that sums to 101. So, this suggests:

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + … … … … . +96 + 97 + 98 + 99 + 100 = 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏 = 5050

50 pairs of 101

Using the techniqe that Gauss may have developed, determine the sum of all the integers from 1 to 200.

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + … … … … . +196 + 197 + 198 + 199 + 200 =

It turns out that this strategy works for the partial sum of any Arithmetic Series. Consider writing it as a formula.

𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = (𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏 )
𝟐

The Sum of ‘n’ 𝑛

The 2 represents the The “a1” The “an”
terms of an
number of pairs of the represents the first represents the last
arithmetic series
terms that form the term of the series. term of the series.
special sum.

Determine the sum of the following partial arithmetic series using the formula.
1. 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + … … … . +116 + 118 + 120 = 2. Find the S62 of the following series:
4 + 9 + 14 + 19 + … … ….

M. Winking Unit 6-2 page 107

Determine the sum of the following partial arithmetic series using the formula.
3. 30 + 26 + 22 + … … … + (−102) + (−106) = 4. Find the S42, given that a1 = 6
and a42 = 129

5. Find the S39 given that a1 = 6 and d = 6 6. Find the S34 given that a34 = 73 and d = 2.

8 42
7. Determine the value of  2  3n
n 1
8. Determine the value of  28  2n
n 1

9. Addison decides to try to save money in a jar at home. She decides to save $20 the first
week of the year and each week she will increase the amount she saves by $5. So, on the
second week she will save $25 and then on third week she will save an additional $30. This
process would repeat for the whole year of 52 weeks. How much money should she have in
the jar at the end of the year?

M. Winking Unit 6-2 page 108

There are also formulas that can be created to find the sum of a Geometric Series. First consider the following series.

3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + 48 + 96 + 192 + 384 + 768 + 1536 + 3072 =

This could also be re-written as:

3 + 3(2) + 3(22 ) + 3(23 ) + 3(24 ) + 3(25 ) + 3(26 ) + 3(27 ) + 3(28 ) + 3(29 ) + 3(210 ) =
1st term 2nd term 3rd term 4th term 5th term 6th term 7th term 8th term 9th term 10th term 11th term

So, any geometric series could be written as:

𝑺𝒏 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 (𝑟) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 2 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 3 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 4 ) + … … … … . . +𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−2 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 )

Consider multiplying both sides by a “−𝑟”

−𝒓 ∙ 𝑺𝒏 = −𝑎1 𝒓 − 𝑎1 (𝑟 2 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 3 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 4 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 5 ) − … … … … . . −𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 )

Next, add the two series similar to how you use elimination in solving a system of equations.

𝑺𝒏 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 (𝑟) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 2 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 3 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 4 ) + … … … … . . +𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−2 ) + 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 )

+ −𝒓 ∙ 𝑺𝒏 = −𝑎1 𝒓 − 𝑎1 (𝑟 2 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 3 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 4 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 5 ) − … … … … . . −𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛−1 ) − 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 )

This formula works for the partial sum of any Geometric Series.
The “a1” The “n” represents the Arithmetic
represents the first number of sequential terms to
term of the series. be included in the sum. a  a   n  1 d
(addition)
n 1

𝒂𝟏 (𝟏− 𝒓𝒏 ) d  a2  a1
𝑺𝒏 = (𝟏− 𝒓)
n
Sn   a1  an 
2
Geometric
The Sum of ‘n’ The “r” represents the
a an  a1  r n 1
(multiplication)
common ratio from one r
a1 1  r n 
2
terms of an
term to the next. a1
arithmetic series
Sn 
1  r 
Determine the sum of the following partial geometric series using the formula.
1. Find the S14 of the following series: 2. 3 − 6 + 12 − 24 + … … − 98304 + 196608 =
2 + 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 + … … ….

M. Winking Unit 6-2 page 109

 Arithmetic
Determine the sum of the following partial geometric series using the formula.
an  a1   n  1 d
(addition)
3. Determine the sum of the first 11 terms (S11) for a 4. Given the sum of the first 12 terms d  a2  a1
n
geometric series given the first term is 6 (a1=6) of a geometric sequences sum to Sn   a1  an 
2
and the common ratio is 5 (r=5). 20475 and the common ratio is 2
(r=2), determine the first term (a1). Geometric
a an  a1  r n 1
(multiplication)
r
a1 1  r n 
2
a1
Sn 
1  r 

 2  4 
5
7. Determine the value of n
8. Determine the value of
n 1

9. 72 + 36 + 18 + 9 + 4.5 + … … . . = 1 1 1 1 1
10. + + + + + ……..=
3 6 12 24 48

 n  n
1 3
11. Determine the value of  12    12. Determine the value of  4 
n 1 2 n 1 2

M. Winking Unit 6-2 page 110

Using the Algebra or the Infinite Geometric Series formulas determine the fraction for the following repeating decimals.
13. 0.5555555555̅ = ̅̅̅̅ =
14. 0.3434343434

̅̅̅̅ =
13. 14.14141414 ̅̅̅̅̅ =
14. 0.450450450450

15. 0.99999999̅ =

16. Kelly decides to start saving money. On the first week of the year, she saves one cent
($0.01). Then, for each week that follows she continues to double the amount she saved the
previous week. So, on the second week she saved an additional 2 cents ($0.02) and the 3rd
week 4 cents ($0.04). If this process were able to be continued for the entire year of 52
weeks, how much money would Kelly have saved by the end of the year?

16. Sarah Pinkski was creating a pattern using triangle tiles. She wanted to show each successive step to show how
her pattern grows. She has already used 40 triangular tiles to create the pattern below. If she continued how
many tiles would it take in total to create 10 steps of the design?

M. Winking Unit 6-2 page 111

 Sec 6.3 – Mathematical Modeling
(Simple $ Compound Interest) Name:

1. James is borrowing $2000 from his employer and will pay it back at the end of 3 years. The employer
lending the money asks that James pay simple interest of 3% annually. Using the simple interest formula,
, determine how much interest James will have to payback in addition to the $2000 principal
amount.

2. Ryan is investing $9000 in a CD at a bank. If the bank uses simple interest and the bank pays 3.1%
annually, how much will the CD be worth in total at the end of 5 years when the CD matures?

3. Jim put his $15,000 into a high yields savings account that pays 2.8% annually.
a. The account is compounded annually. If the bank uses a compound interest formula, how
much will the account be worth in 5 years if left untouched? Use the compound interest
formula, .

b. Jim saw that other banks offered the same rates but compounded the interest more often.
Consider if he still put $15,000 into a savings account for 5 years that provided 2.8% annually
but compounded it in each of the following ways (fill out the table):

Compounded Work: Value in 5 Years

Semi-Annually

Monthly

Quarterly

Weekly

Daily

Continuously

Why does your investment increase more as your compounds per year increase?

M. Winking Unit 6-3 page 112

 When making the jump to continuously compounding the transcendental number ‘e’ appears. Can
you determine a definition for ‘e’ given:

P = Principle Annually: n = 1
Simple Interest:
Semi-Annually: n = 2
P0 = Initial Principle
Quarterly: n = 4
Compound Interest: r = rate as a decimal Monthly: n = 12
t = number of years Weekly: n = 52
Continuous Interest:
n =compounds per year Daily: n = 365

4. Determine which investment is best. Evan plans to invest $10000 for 8 years.
a. Better Banks offers an 8 year CD at an annual rate of 5% using simple interest.

b. America’s Bank offers an 8 year CD at annual rate of 4.7% using monthly compound interest.

c. Union Bank offers an 8 year CD at an annual rate of 4.5% using continuous compounding.

5. Marissa wants to invest $4000 in a retirement fund that guarantees a return of 9% annually using simple
interest. How many years and months will it take for her investment to double?

6. Jeff wants to invest $4000 in a retirement fund that guarantees a return of 8% annually using continuously
compounded interest. How many years and months will it take for his investment to double?

7. Ten years ago, Josh put money into an account paying 5.5% compounded continuously. If the account has
$12,000 now, how much money did he deposit?

M. Winking Unit 6-3 page 113

Ever worry about being ripped off at a car dealership? Are you sure the finance office is calculating your
payment correctly or did they add something without your knowledge? With the formula for determining
monthly payments using simple interest on an amortized loan is as follows:
First you need to know the givens:
P = Principle (Amount of the Loan) n = number of payments per year
r = Finance rate as a decimal t = number of years
nt
r  r
P  1  
n  n
Monthly Payment  nt
 r
1   1
 n

Let’s try one. So you want to buy a car? Consider looking at the new 2015 Honda Civic Si. For now we
will just look at the financing and not consider the huge insurance price tag.

MSRP $24,950
Dealer Destination $595
Under Body Spoiler Side $599
Under Body Spoiler Front $356
Under Body Spoiler Rear $356
Fog Lights $450
Moon roof Visor $138
Floor Mats $65
Wheels: 18" 5-Spoke Aluminum $1820 .
$29,329
Maybe if you’re lucky, you can talk them down to $27,000. Then, with all of that hard earned money from
TARGET you might have saved up $3000 for a down payment? So, we will have to finance $24,000. Let’s
see if you could afford the payments on this car over 5 years and with a 6.5% APR.
Convert 6.5% to a decimal 0.065
r
Since is used so much in the formula lets go ahead and determine that number.
n
r 0.065
  0.0054167
n 12
Now, it is just a matter of substituting everything correctly and arithmetic.
nt
r  r
P   1   12 5
 $24000    0.005417   1  0.0054167   $130.008   1.005417 
60
n  n $179.78089
M .P.   12  5
 
1  0.005417  1.005417   1
nt 60
 r 1 0.382817
1    1
 n
= $469.63
I don’t think SO!! And that doesn't even include your monthly insurance.
A little side note: Do you realize you actually end up paying $469.63  60 months = $28,177.80. Remember
we only borrowed $24,000. The bank makes over $4000 dollars just for loaning you the money and this is with
a low APR.

M. Winking Unit 6-3 page 114

8. On your own, determine the monthly payment for a used car and lets say you need to borrow
just $7,500 from the bank with an annual percentage rate (APR) of 9.5% (Used car loan rates
are always higher!). Usually, the longest you can have a loan on a used car is 4 years. So, lets
say we will pay the loan off over a term of 4 years and make payments on a monthly basis.

nt P r
r  r
P   1   n t
n  n
Monthly Payment  nt
 r
1   1 r
 n 
n

 Then, determine the amount actually paid to the bank and the total amount of interest.

9. House payments work the exact same way except banks usually give you 15 to 30 years to
pay it off. What would your monthly payment be on a house if you took a loan out for
$85,000 with an APR of 7.1% and you were going to pay it back over a term of 30 years on a
monthly basis?
(Also, with houses you can expect to pay another $100 - $300 per month in taxes and insurance depending on where you live and the price of the house.)

nt P r
r  r
P   1   n t
n  n
Monthly Payment  nt
 r
1   1 r
 n 
n

 Then, determine the amount actually paid to the bank and the total amount of interest.

M. Winking Unit 6-3 page 115

 Sec 6.4 – Mathematical Modeling
(Systems by Equations) Name:
Each system of equation is shown in graph. Using the graph find the solutions to each of the systems.
1. 2. 3.

Which of the system of equations below have a solution of (– 3, 2) ?

4. 5. 6.

Graph each system and use the graph to determine a solution.

7. 8.

M. Winking Unit 6-4 page 116

Each system of equation is shown in graph. How many solutions does each system have?

9. 10. 11.

Graph each system and use the graph to determine a solution.

12. 13. 141.

M. Winking Unit 6-4 page 117

Solve each of the following systems using the substitution method.
15. 16.

Solve each of the following systems using the elimination method.

17. 18.

M. Winking Unit 6-4 page 118

19. The Turbo Taxi Service charges a flat rate of $5 and then $0.40 per mile. The Express Taxi
Company charges a flat rate of $2 and then $0.75 per mile.

a. Write an equation that describes the cost, c, of each taxi cab in terms of miles, m, driven.

Turbo Taxi Service: c=

Express Taxi Co: c=

b. When do the two taxi cabs charge the same amount?

c. Describe when the Express Taxi Company charges more than Turbo Taxi Services.

20. A local school sold 230 tickets for their performance of Hamlet. They sold a combination of
regular tickets and student tickets. The regular tickets sold for $8 each and the student tickets
sold for $5. That night they collected $1522 in ticket sales.

a. Write an equation that describes each piece of information. Let ‘R’ represent the number of
regular tickets and ‘S’ represent the number of Student tickets.

b. Using the system of equations determine the number of each type of ticket that was sold.

M. Winking Unit 6-4 page 119

Solve each of the following systems using the substitution method.
21.

Solve each of the following systems using the elimination method.

22.

M. Winking Unit 6-4 page 120

 Sec 6.5 – Mathematical Modeling
(Systems by Inequalities) Name:

1. Graph the following inequalities:

a. b.

c. d.

M. Winking Unit 6-5 page 121

2. Graph the following inequalities:
a. b.

3. Graph the following systems inequalities:

a. b.

M. Winking Unit 6-5 page 122

4. Graph the following systems inequalities:

a. b.

5. Mary works at two part-time jobs. The first job at Bull’s Eye pays $12 per hour and her second
job at CSV pays $10 per hour. She must earn at least $360 a week to pay her bills.
a. Write an inequality that shows
how much she could work at
each job to earn at least $360 per
week. Let ‘x’ be the number of
hours she works at Bull’s Eye
and ‘y’ be the number of hours
she works at CSV.

b. Write base inequalities

suggesting that she must work
zero hours or more at each job.

c. Graph the system of inequalities

to show the possible number of
hours she could work at each job.

M. Winking Unit 6-5 page 123

6. A company is building computers. The company is making an economical version (x) and a
professional version (y). The company has enough parts to make 10 computers for the day. They
have a 3 employees building computers. They each work 8 hour days. Therefore, the company has a
total of 24 hours to assemble the computers. The economical computer takes 2 hours to build and
install software. The professional version takes 4 hours to build and install software.
a. Write an inequality that shows the company can
only make a maximum of 10 computers.

b. Write an inequality that shows the company can

only has 24 hours of time to use to build the
computers.

c. Write base inequalities suggesting that the company

must make 0 or more computer of each type.

d. Graph the system of inequalities to show the possible number of each computer to be built.
e. The company nets a profit of $200 on the economical computers and $350 on the professional. Create
an objective function to determine how many of each should be built to maximize profit?

7. A carpenter is required to make at least 2 large designer tables (x) and at least 1 small table
each week (y). It takes 6 hours to make a large table and 4 hours to make the smaller table.
The carpenter only works 40 hours per week.
a. Write an inequality that shows the collective time
spent building the tables must be less than 40 hours.

b. Write base inequalities suggesting that the carpenter

must make at least 2 large tables and 1 small table.

c. Graph the system of inequalities to show the

possible number of each table to be built.

d. The company nets a profit of $200 on the large table and $160 on the small table. Create an objective
function to determine how many of each should be built to maximize profit?

M. Winking Unit 6-5 page 124

 Sec 6.6 – Mathematical Modeling
Solving Equations By Graphing Name:
1. Solve the following equations using their graphs.
a. x2  3x  4  0 b.  x2  8x  12  0 c. 2 x2  9 x  4  0

d. x2  2 x  6  2 e.  x2  2 x  3  3 f. 2 x2  3x  2  3

g.  x2  2 x  5   x  1 h. x2  10 x  21  3x2  24 x  41 i. 3x2 12 x  14   x2  4 x  2

M. Winking Unit 6-6 page 125

 2. Solve the following Quadratic Equations using their graphs.
1
a. x 2  6 x  10  x  2 b. x2  4 x  5  x2  2 x  1
3

3. Consider the functions f(x) = a∙x2 + b∙x +c and g(x) = m∙x + d . Given a, b, c, d are all
constants, answer the following:

a. For which values of x does:

a∙x2 + b∙x +c = m∙x + d

b. For which values of x does:

a∙x2 + b∙x +c = 0

c. For which values of x does:

m∙x + d = 0

d. What is the value of f(0) ?

b. Solve the following Quadratic Equations using graphing and your TI-84/83 “Intersect” command
a. x2  3x  2  2 x  3 b. x2  2  3x  1 c. x2  2 x  5  2x  2

(to the nearest hundredth) (to the nearest hundredth) (to the nearest hundredth)

M. Winking Unit 6-6 page 126

 Sec 6.7 – Mathematical Modeling
Literal Equations & Situations Name:
Solve each of the following for the variable suggested.

1. 2y – 4x + 5y + 2 = 4 – 3y + 5x – 8 ,solve for y 2. 3a – 6b + 2c + 3 = 18 – 2a + 2(3c – b) ,solve for a

3. , solve for a 4. , solve for m

5. , solve for p 6. , solve for I and assume all variables are positive values

M. Winking Unit 6-7 page 127

7. Consider the function graphed at the right. The graph
shows the height of a ball being dropped from 4 feet.
a. Approximately, how high is the ball 3 seconds
after it is dropped?

b. How approximately what time(s) is the ball at

height of 2 feet after it has been dropped?

c. How long approximately after the ball is

dropped does the ball first hit the ground?

8. A city water company charges homeowners based

on how much water they use in thousands of
gallons. The company progressively charges at a

Cost of Water Bill (dollars)

higher rate the more water that is used.
Based on the graph at the right how much does
the city charged when a home owner uses the
following number of gallons of water:
1700 gallons of water costs .

2000 gallons of water costs .

7000 gallons of water costs .

Water Usage (in thousands of gallons)
At what interval is the price increasing the fastest?
9. At noon, a person begins to fill up a bath tub at a steady rate. The bath tub is completely filled with 50 gallons
after 15 minutes. The person filling the tub had to let some water go down the drain because it was too full.
After an additional 5 minutes the tub only has 20 gallons in it. The person decided the water got to cold and
added 5 more gallons of hot water (for a total of 25 gallons) over the next 2 minutes to warm it up. Then,
they decided they didn’t have time for a bath and let all the water drain out over the next 4 minutes.

Create an appropriate graph that shows the volume of water in the bath tub in minutes after 12 noon.
(You may assume all rates were constant as draining or filling began)

a. During what intervals is the graph decreasing? b. During what intervals is the graph constant?

M. Winking Unit 6-7 page 128

 Sec 6.8 – Mathematical Modeling
Characteristics of Functions Name:
1. Consider the function m(x) can be defined by the set of ordered pairs {(2,3), (−3,5), (1,4), (5,3), (3, −1), (0,1), (−2,5)}
What is the Domain: What is the Range:

2. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3. Determine the Range of f(x) 3. Given ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1. Determine the Domain of h(x) if the
if the Domain is restricted to just {−2, 0, 1, 2, 5} Range is just the set {−3, 1, 5, 7, 11}

4. Describe the Domain, Range, Intervals of Increase/Decrease, End Behavior, Intercepts.

A. Consider the following function. B. Consider the following function.

i) Describe the Domain: i) Describe the Domain:

ii) Describe the Range: ii) Describe the Range:

iii) Describe Intervals of Increase: iii) Describe Intervals of Increase:

iv) Describe Intervals of Decrease: iv) Describe Intervals of Decrease:

v) As x→∞, determine f(x) → v) As x→∞, determine f(x) →

vi) As x→ –∞, determine f(x) → vi) As x→ –∞, determine f(x) →

vii) Determine the x-intercept: vii) List any local maximums:

viii) Determine the y-intercept: viii) List any local minimums:

ix) Horizontal Asymptote: ix) Average Rate of Change on the

interval from x = – 3 to x = 0

5. A plumber charges $60 per hour and will only work a maximum of 8 hours on any given day. If
we consider this situation a function where the number of hours worked, x, is the independent
variable and how much the plumber charges in dollars, y, is the dependent variable.
Determine the Domain and Range of the function.
What is the Domain: What is the Range:

M. Winking Unit 6-8 page 129

6. A population of frogs in a pond area doubles every year. Initially there were 8 frogs. A researcher
studying the frogs created a function to model their population growth. 𝑷(𝒕) = 𝟖(𝟐𝒕 ) , where t is the time
in years. If we consider this situation to be a function then determine an appropriate Domain and Range.
What is the Domain: What is the Range:

7. Consider the following function.

i) Describe the Domain:

ii) Describe the Range:

iii) As x→ –1, determine p(x) →

iv) As x→ ∞, determine p(x) →

v) Determine the y-intercept:

vi) List any local maximums:

vii) List any local minimums:

vi) Average Rate of Change on:

the interval (0, 3)

8. Describe each graph as EVEN (symmetric with respect to the y-axis), ODD (symmetric with respect to the origin), or NEITHER.

9. Describe each function as EVEN (symmetric with respect to the y-axis), ODD (symmetric with respect to the origin), or NEITHER.

a. 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 2 b. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥
An even function can
be defined as any
function such that:
𝑓 (−𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥)
c. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 5 − 4 d. 𝑚(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 + 2

An odd function can

be defined as any
function such that:
e. 𝑝(𝑥) = 2𝑥 f. 𝑞(𝑥) = 𝑥
1 𝑓 (−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)

M. Winking Unit 6-8 page 130


It may help to first review some transformations on the graph. Transform the following points as suggested.
1. Reflect point A over the
x-axis and then translate
the image right 2 units.
Sec 6.9 – Mathematical Modeling
(Transformations of Functions) Name:
2. Horizontally stretch 3. Vertically compress 4. Reflect point D over the x-
point B by a factor of 3 point C by a factor of ½ axis, then reflect that image
from the y-axis and from the x-axis, reflect the over the y-axis, vertically
translate the image up 7 image over the y-axis, and stretch that image by a
units. finally, translate that factor 2 from the x-axis, and
image right 1 unit. finally translate the last
image up 2

Consider the parent function of . The following would be a transformed function

d = Vertical
Translation
a > 1: Vertical Stretch (eg. a = 3) b > 1: Horizontal Compress (eg. b = 3)
(factor ‘a’)

0 < a < 1:Vertical Compress (e.g. a = 0.2)
(factor ‘a’)
-1 < a < 0: Reflect over x-axis &
Vertical Compress (e.g. a =- 0.2)
(factor ‘a’)
a = -1: Reflect over x-axis
0 < b < 1: Horizontal Stretch (e.g. b = 0.2) Horizontal
c = Translation
-1 < b < 0: Reflect over y-axis & (opposite direction)
Horizontal Stretch (e.g. b =- 0.2)
b = -1: Reflect over y-axis

a < -1: Reflect over x-axis & b < -1: Reflect over y-axis &
Vertical Stretch (e.g. a =- 4) Horizontal Compress (e.g. b =- 4)
(factor ‘a’)

First apply any reflections or stretches/compresses and then the translations

5. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray

dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

M. Winking Unit 6-9 page 131

6. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray
dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

7. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray

dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

8. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray

dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

9. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray

dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

M. Winking Unit 6-9 page 132

10. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray
dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

11. At the right the parent graph of is shown as a light gray

dashed line. Describe the transformations of that would be
required to match the transformed function shown below and
sketch a graph by transforming a few of the points of .

12. Given a more elaborate parent function of , describe how the parent function could be
graphically transformed to create the functions below:
a. b. c.

13. Describe g(x) as a transformation of f(x). 14. Describe g(x) as a transformation of f(x).

M. Winking Unit 6-9 page 133

15. Describe g(x) as a transformation of f(x). 16. Describe g(x) as a transformation of f(x).

17. Consider the partial set of values of the function , shown below. Determine the missing values in the
second table given that is the same as translated up 3 units.

18. Consider the partial set of values of the function , shown below. Determine the missing values in the
second table given that is the same as translated right 2 units and down 2 unit.

19. Consider the partial set of values of the function , shown below. Determine the missing values in the
second table given that is the same as vertically stretched by a factor of 2 from the x-axis.

20. Consider the partial set of values of the function , shown below. Determine the missing values in the
second table given that is the same as reflected over the x-axis.

M. Winking Unit 6-9 page 134