Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Selection
Lecture 2
The members of a
material family have
certain features in
common: similar
properties, similar
processing routes,
and, often, similar
applications
Figure 1
Ceramics
• Stiff – high E
• Hard
• Abrasion resistant
• Good high temperature strength
• Good corrosion resistance
• Brittle
Glasses
• Hard
• Corrosion resistant
• Electrically insulating
• Transparent
• Brittle – low KIC
Polymers
• Light – low ρ
• Easily shaped
• High strength per unit weight (σ/ρ)
• Lack stiffness – low E (50X less than metals)
• Properties highly sensitive to temperature
Elastomers
• Lack stiffness – low E (500 – 5000X less than
metals)
• Able to retain initial shape after being stretched
• Relatively strong and tough
Metals
• Tough – high KIC
• Stiff – high E
• Ductile
• Wide range of strengths depending on composition and
processing
• Thermally and electrically conductive
• Reactive – low corrosion resistance
Hybrids
• Expensive
• Difficult to shape and join
• Properties dependent on combination of
materials
What type of materials information do
you need for design?
Figure 2
Figure 3
Mechanical Properties
The stress-strain curve for a metal,
showing the modulus, E, the 0.2% yield
strength, σy, and the ultimate strength, σts
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 8
Commonly used scales of hardness
related to each other and to the yield
strength
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 13
Figure 16
Figure 17
Dielectric Loss
Figure18