An Introduction to English Language Word, Sound and | Sentence 3rd Edition Koenraad Kuiper AND , _W. Scott Allan‘© Koewaad Kuiper and W. Scot Allan, 1986, 2004 ‘© Koeraad Kuiper and Harte Allan, 2010 llrightsreserved, No reproduction, copy or transmission of his ‘publication may be made without written permision, ‘No portion ofthis publication may be reproduced coped or ansmitted save with written permission orn accordance withthe provisions of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1968, or under the terms of any cence ‘permitting limited copying issued by the Copyraght Licensing Agency. Satron House, 6-10 kirby Steet, London ECIN BT. [Any cian who does any unauthorized ect in lation to this publlestion may be lable to emma prosecution and cv claims for damages. ‘The authors hav averted that rights to be igentified asthe authors of this work imaccordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1386, Fist published 1996 by Palgrave Macrilon Second edition published 2005 by Palgrave Macrilan Tid ection pubished 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, Palgrave Macmillan i the UK i a imprint of Macilan Publishers Limited, Feghtered in England, company number 785998, 0f Houndmils, Basingscke, Hamphire RG2T XS, Macmillan inthe US i dision of St Maris Press LLC, {7S Fifth Avenue, NewYork, NY 10070, Palgrave Macmillan isthe global academic imprint ofthe above companies ‘nd has companies and representatives thoughout the wold. Palgrae® and Macilan® ae eistered traderaksin the United States the Unite Kingsom, Europe and other counties. IBN: 978-0-230-20800-1 hardback ISBN: 978-0-230-2080T-8 paperback ‘This books printed on paper suitable fr veycling and made from fly managed and wstained forest sources. Logging pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to enform tothe enuconmentalrepuatons ofthe Country of org ‘catalogue record fr ths Book i avaliable rom the British bray ‘catalog record fortis books avallable from the Library of Congress. woe7 6s 4321 19 1817 16 15 16 13-12 1110 Printed in ChinaContents Pretace tothe third edition xii Preface (o the second edition xiv Preface to the frst edition wi Acknowledgements xix ‘Abbreviations and symbols sexi The International Phonetic Alphabet xsi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS A LANGUAGE? 1 LL Properties of human language L LLL Language is a code 2 LLL.2 Linguistic symbols have function and form 3 13 Linguistic units are constructed according to rules 6 LIA Language is specifically human 8 LUS Language use is creative 9 LLG Language use is constrained 10 LL? Language change and variation 3 1.2 Linguistics, its neighbours and its applications v 1.21 Inter-and applied linguistics 20 Glossary Farther reading 25 Blecironic resources 26 part one Words CHAPTER 2 ‘THE FORM AND FUNCTION OF WORDS 29 Introduction: dictionaries and lexemes Fa vil