DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION Govt. of NCT, Delhi SUPPORT MATERIAL (2018-2019) Class : IX SOCIAL SCIENCE Under the Guidance of Mr. Sandeep Kumar Secretary (Education) Mr. Sanjay Goel Director (Education) Dr. Saroj Bala Sain Addl. DE (School & Exam.) Coordinators Mrs. Mukta Soni Mr. U.D. Ojha_ Mr. Raj Kumar Mr. Krishan Kumar DDE (Exam) DEO (Exam) OSD (Exam) OSD (Exam)Production Team Anil Kumar Sharma Deepak Tanwar Published at Delhi Bureau of Text Books, 25/2, Institutional Area, Pankha Road, New Delhi-58 by Anil Kaushal, Secretary, Delhi Bureau of Text Books and Printed at: Nova Publications & Printers Pvt. Ltd., Faridabad-New Delhi. works@npppl.in‘SANDEEP KUMAR ‘wera ( fever ) as. weta your Ret WOR gern frre, Feee-110064 ‘FRA: zang0te7 Saba : 25890119 Secretary (Education) ‘Goverment of National pial Tritory of Di ‘Oi Secretar, Dehi-110054 Phone 23890187 Telex: 23690119 femal secyeduanicin PREFACE It gives me immense pleasure to present the Support Material for various subjects. The material prepared for students of classes IX to XII has been conceived and developed by a team comprising of the Subject Experts, Members of the ‘Academic Core Unit and teachers ofthe Direviurae uf Education ‘The subject wise Support Material is developed for the betterment and enhancement of the academic performance of the students. It will give them an insight into the subject leading to complete understanding. It is hoped that the teachers and students will make optimum use of this material. This will help us achieve academic excellence. | commend the efforts of the team who have worked with complete dedication {0 develop this matter well within time, This is another endeavor of tne Directorate 10 estab ‘SECRETARY give complete eupport to the learnore all vor Delhi