You are on page 1of 9

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/318339420

Design Optimization Of The Rectangular Box Section Of The Double Beam


Bridge Crane Using Matlab Optimization Toolbox

Conference Paper · June 2017

CITATIONS READS

0 774

5 authors, including:

Goran V. Pavlovic Nebojša Zdravković


Lola Institut University of Kragujevac
32 PUBLICATIONS   36 CITATIONS    30 PUBLICATIONS   50 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Vladimir Kvrgic Stefan Mitrovic


Mihajlo Pupin Institute Lola Institut
61 PUBLICATIONS   126 CITATIONS    10 PUBLICATIONS   9 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR 3, 4 AND 5-AXIS MACHINE TOOL AND INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS PROGRAMMING BASED UPON STEP-NC LANGUAGE View project

Research and development of new concept for connection between undercarriage frame and revolving upper structure in construction and transportation machines
View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Goran V. Pavlovic on 13 August 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017, A.37-A.44 A.37

Design Optimization of the Rectangular Box Section of the Double Beam


Bridge Crane Using Matlab Optimization Toolbox
Goran Pavloviü 1*, Mile Savkoviü 2, Nebojša Zdravkoviü 2, Vladimir Kvrgiü 1, Stefan Mitroviü 1
1
Institute Lola, Belgrade (Serbia)
2
Faculty of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Kraljevo, University of Kragujevac, Kraljevo (Serbia)
The paper considers the problem of optimization of the rectangular box section of the double beam bridge crane.
Reduction of the girder mass is set as the objective function. The constrained optimization applied in Matlab Optimization
Toolbox was used as the methodology for determination of optimal geometrical parameters of the rectangular box section. The
criteria of permissible stresses, local buckling of plates, static deflection, permissible period of oscillation, minimum plate
thickness and production feasibility were applied as the constraint functions. Verification of the used methodology was carried
out through numerical examples and the comparison with some existing solutions of cranes was made. Numerical result shown
that the mathematical model of optimization was exact and the algorithm effective.
Keywords: Double beam bridge crane, Eurocodes, Matlab Optimization Toolbox, Optimization, Rectangular box
section
1. INTRODUCTION The paper >5@ carried out the analysis of local
Double beam bridge cranes are very much present in buckling of plates and rigidity of the bridge cranes by using
idustry plants, and all of which are intended for lifting and Polish standards, which were later compared with the results
transportation of large loads and for larger spans. The mass of analysis performed according to European standards,
of the girders has the largest share in the total mass of the using Ms Excel software and FEM. The paper >6@ performed
double beam bridge crane, and that is the reason why it is topology optimization of the main girder of the double beam
very important to reduce it in order to obtain a lighter crane using by Optistruct solver tool in HyperWorks
structure, which also reduces the market price of the crane. software, according to the criteria of strength, stiffness and
There are a large number of papers which deal with lateral stability. 3D model was made in Pro/E software. The
the problem of analysis of stresses of main girders of cranes mass of the girder is reduced by 21.16%. Similarly to
as well as with their optimization. Most papers treat the previous, the paper >07@ carried out optimization of the
problem of optimization or stress analysis of the main girder geometrical characteristics (thickness, height and width) of
of the bridge crane. the box girders of the bridge crane using by Patran/Nastran
Most authors set permissible stress or permissible software, and based on these results the secondary
stress and permissible deflection as the constraint functions. optimization is fulfilled with MMA programme (The
The criteria of lateral stability, local buckling of plates and Method of Moving Asymptotes algorithm).
permissible period of oscillation have lately been In >8@, optimization of the main girder of the double
increasingly applied as the constraint functions. beam bridge crane using by SolidWorks software, according
Matlab software is a very effective tool in the to the criteria of strength, stiffness and local stability of
optimization procedures, particularly in engineering plates is presented. Similarly to previous, the paper >09@
practice, as is the case with the main girders of the bridge performed optimization of the main girder of the bridge
cranes. Application of Matlab software in optimization of crane using by Ansys software, according to the criteria of
the main girder of the single-girder bridge crane is shown in strength and stiffness, where the total volume of girder is
>01@. The single-girder crane is loaded with two loaded decreased by about 21.8%.
trolleys. The performed optimization showed there can be Besides the above mentioned softwares for FEM, in
savings in the mass of the main girder, using Matlab >10@, by using LIAfem software, indicated that the size of
Graphical User Interface (GUI). Optimization of geometric the finite element affects the accuracy of the results, where
parameters of different types of cross-sectional shapes of the the double beam bridge crane is analyzed.
main girders of the double beam bridge cranes is shown in Application of Abaques software in the analysis of
>02@, using the multi-criteria optimization process in Matlab strength and stiffness of the girder of the double beam
software. Application of Matlab Optimization Toolbox in bridge crane is shown in >11@. The observed example of the
optimization of the section of the prestressed steel-concrete crane is modeled in Inventor software. The authors also
composite box girder is shown in >03@. The price of the analyzed the natural frequencies with a modal analysis of
girder is significantly reduced for a concrete example. the girder with and without load. On the importance of
In most cases, the optimization of the girders is dynamic effects in the analysis and optimization by FEM,
performed by FEA. In the paper >04@, manual and FEA show us the following papers. In >12@, the analysis was
report for plates buckling is presented to reduce overall carried out by Ansys software, and the conclusion of the
weight and cost of the main girder of the bridge cranes. study was that double beam bridge cranes have had less
Results obtained from FEM, manual calculations and dynamic effects under the same loads as single-girder bridge
experimental analysis. cranes so they proved to be working faster.

*Corresponding author: Kneza Višeslava 70A, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, goran.pavlovic@li.rs


A.38 Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017

The paper >13@ carried out the analysis of the effects function, i.e. smaller girder mass is obtained for a larger
that have inertial forces on the stresses and deflections, by number of constraints.
FEM, where the derived certain conclusions for the Taking into account the above mentioned results and
optimization of these types of girders. conclusions, the aim of this paper is to define optimum
In addition to FEM application, is increasingly being values of parameters of the geometry of cross-sectional area
applied various analytical and numerical methods for of the rectangular box girder of the double beam bridge
optimization process. Multi-criteria optimization was crane that will lead to the reduction of its mass.
conducted in the paper >14@ for the purpose of reducing the 2. MATEMATHICAL FORMULATION OF THE
crane mass using Ms Excel software, and the solution was OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM
verified using Ansys software. The mass of the girder was
reduced about 10%. The task of optimization is to define geometrical
In the paper >15@, problem of reducing the weight of parameters of the rectangular box section of the girder
the box girder of the bridge crane, at the same time which result is its minimum mass.
increasing the productivity and to improve quality of Matlab Optimization Toolbox can be used to solve
product as required by the Indian standard, is tackled by the problems of linear programming, non-linear
preparing programme in Visual Basic 6.0. Optimal programming and multi-target programming.
dimensions of the box girder of the bridge crane are affected The optimization algorithm of the parameters of the
by choice of standards, as shown in the paper >16@, where cross-sectional area of steel rectangular box girder is to
the results obtained by Serbian standard and European utilizing the fmincon function in the Optimization Toolbox
standard, and compared, on examples of existing solutions to realize the minimization of the cross-sectional area of the
of single-girder bridge cranes. GRG2 algorithm in Ms Excel rectangular box girder, i.e. constrained minimization
software was used for the optimization process. problem.
Application of the centered differential evolution The optimization problem can be defined by the
(CDE) algorithm in the process of optimization of the box following mathematical formulation, >21@:
girder of the bridge crane is shown in >17@, where as min f ( X ) (1)
opposed to the previously mentioned papers, the cross- subject to:
section of the box girder is variable along the span. In this C( X ) d 0 (2)
way, the mass of the girder is decreased by about 23.50%. Ceq ( X ) 0 (3)
Application of Mathcad software in optimization of
A˜ X d b (4)
the box girder of the bridge crane is shown in >18@, where is
graphically presented the dependence of the cross-sectional Aeq ˜ X beq (5)
area in relation of capacities of the cranes, for characteristic lb d X d ub (6)
spans. Similarly to previous, in >19@ is graphically presented where:
the dependence of the cross-sectional area in relation of the X , b, beq, lb, ub - vectors
spans, for characteristic capacities of the cranes. In >20@ is A, Aeq - matrices
also applied Mathcad for multi-criteria optimization and
C ( X ), Ceq ( X ) - functions that return to vectors
comparison of the results for the welded box girder, for the
cases when the objective function is the cross-sectional area f ( X ) - the target function (the objective function)
and the cost of the girder manufacturing. Functions f(X), C(X) and Ceq(X) can be nonlinear
The mentioned papers point to the importance of functions.
optimization of the main girder of the bridge crane and In Matlab Optimization Toolbox, the constrained
creation of the model which can allow a more real nonlinear optimization problem is realized by fmincon
description of the crane behaviour in operation. As it can be fuction. The specific forms are as followings:
seen in the mentioned papers, there are different constraint
functions so that it can be concluded that a better objective
> X , fval , exitflag , output , lambda, grad , hessian@ fmincon fun, X 0, A, b, Aeq, beq, lb, ub, nonlcon, options (7)
where: grad - shows the gradient of the target function at X
fval - objective function value at solution (returned as a hessian - shows Hessiab value of the target function at X
real number) X 0 - the initial value
exitflag - shows reason for stop of fmincon function A and b meet the requirements of the inequality
fun - the target function constraint A‫”;ڄ‬b, if there is no such constraint, then A=[ ]
and b=[ ].
fmincon - function which find minimum of constrained
Aeq and beq meet the requirements of the equality
nonlinear multi-variable function constraint Aeq‫ڄ‬X = beq, if there is no such constraint, then
output - function which outputs optimization information Aeq=[ ] and beq=[ ].
nonlcon - function which calculates nonlinear inequality lb and ub meet the requirements OE”X ”XE if there
constraint & ;  ”  through the accepted vector X and the is no scope, suppose lb=[ ] and ub=[ ].
equality constraint Ceq (X) = 0 is used by estimated C and In the process of optimization, fmincon function
Ceq at the poison of X though the appointed function handle adopts gradient projection method. Gradient projection
lambda - the multiplier of Lagrange (it embodies which method is a method to directly deal with the nonlinear
constraint is valid) programming constraint.

G. 3DYORYLü, M. 6DYNRYLü, N. =GUDYNRYLü, V. Kvrgiü, S. Mitroviü


Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017 A.39

It made a projection matrix according to the initial Ag - the area of the cross section of the rectangular box
points and boundary face where the initial points stand. girder (the objective function)
Repeat this procedure frequently so as to obtain the best X - the design vector made of five design variables
solution.
> x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 @ >b1 h t1 t2 y @
T T
X (11)
3. OBJECTIVE AND CONSTRAINT FUNCTIONS
Other important relations can be written in the
3.1. Objective function following way:
The objective function is represented by the area of b f b f ( X ) b1  t2  bS  4 x1  x4  bS  4 cm (12)
the cross section of the rectangular box girder (Figure 1). H H (X ) h  2 ˜ t1 x2  2 ˜ x3 (13)
The paper treats five optimization parameters (h, b1, t1, t2, y),
where:
where:
H - height of the girder
h - web height b f - flange width
b1 - distance between webs
The geometrical properties in the specific points of
t1 - flange thickness the rectangular box section (Figure 1) shall be determined
t2 - web thickness by well-known expressions ( I x , Wx1 , Wy1 , Wx 2 , Wy 2 , S x 2 ).
y - value, according to recommendations where:
I x - moment of inertia about x axis
hs

bs Wx1 , Wy1 - section moduli for point 1


y
t1

1 Wx 2 , Wy 2 - section moduli for point 2


2 S x 2 - static moment of area for point 2
2 cm
h/y

h1

3.2. Constraint functions


3.2.1. The criterion of permissible stresses
The maximum equivalent stresses in specific points
C
H

of the rectangular box section (Figure 1) have to be lower


h

x
than permissible stresses.
h2

The values of the bending moments in the


t2 b1 t2 corresponding planes and the value of the transverse force
are calculated in the following way (Figure 2):
bk
e1 e2
t1

bf F F
1 2
R q
Figure 1: The rectangular box section of the main girder of A 1 2 B
the bridge crane I II
0.5(L-e1)
The vector of the given parameters is:
G
x Q, L, mk , bk , ka , f y , bS , hS , Dt ... (8) 0.5e1 0.5L

where: L
Q - the carrying capacity of the crane Figure 2: Model of the main girder of the bridge crane
L - the span of the crane
R q ˜ L2
mk - the mass of the trolley M VI ˜ ( L  e1 ) 2  J ˜ (14)
4˜ L 8
bk - the distance between the wheels of the trolley
bk
ka - the dynamic coefficient of crane load in the horizontal e1 (15)
2
plane, >22@ q 1.1 ˜ U ˜ g ˜ A (16)
f y - the minimum yield stress of the plate material
ª Rh q˜L º 2

bS - rail width M HI J ˜« ˜ ( L  e1 ) 2  ˜ ka » (17)


¬4˜ L 8 ¼
hS - rail height
R J ˜q˜L
Dt - the diameter of the trolley wheel Ft ˜ ( L  e1 )  (18)
2˜ L 2
The area of the cross section (Figure 1), i.e. the while the values of the corresponding forces are:
objective function, is:
\ ˜ Q  mk
Ag 2 ˜ (b f ˜ t1  h ˜ t2 ) (9) F1 F2 J ˜ ˜g (19)
4
or
R F1  F2 (20)
Ag Ag ( X ) 2 ˜ x1  x4  bS  4 ˜ x3  2 ˜ x2 ˜ x4 cm 2 (10)
Q  mk
where: F1, st F2, st ˜g Fst (21)
4

Design Optimization of the Rectangular Box Section of the Double Beam Bridge Crane Using Matlab Optimization Toolbox
A.40 Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017

F1, h F2, h Fst ˜ ka (22) where:


Rh F1, h  F2, h (23) V z 2 , V y - the normal stresses in the x and y directions at
where: point 2, respectively
J - the coefficient which depends on the classification lr - the effective distribution length (given in Annex C.4,
class, >22@ >23@)
\ - the dynamic coefficient of the influence of load lr l1r 2 ˜ hd ˜ tgN  0.2 ˜ r 2 ˜ hd 1 ˜ tgN  0.1 ˜ Dt (28)
oscillation in the vertical plane, >22@ hd hd 1 hS  t1 (29)
F1 , F2 - forces acting upon girder beneath the trolley wheel where:
1 and trolley wheel 2, respectively hd - the distance between the section under consideration
R - resulting force in the vertical plane and contact level of acting load (Figure 3)
kg N d 45D - the dispersion angle, >23@
U 7850 3 - densiny of material of the girder
m r - the radius of the trolley wheel ( Dt / 2 )
q - specifically weight per unit of length of the girder The value of the tangential stress at point 2:
(increased by the weight of the diaphragms and the Ft ˜ S x 2 f
W2 d d ,1 (30)
longitudinal stiffeners) 2 ˜ t2 ˜ I x 3
M VI , M HI - the bending moments in the vertical and the The value of the equivalent stress at point 2
horizontal planes, respectively (maximum equivalent stress at point 2):
F1,st - static force acting upon girder beneath the trolley
V 2,u V z 2 2  V y 2  V z 2 ˜ V y  3 ˜W 2 2 d f d ,1 (31)
wheel
Rh - resulting force in the horizontal plane 3.2.2. The criterion of local buckling of plates
Ft - maximum shear force Testing of the box girder stability was carried out in
accordance with the European standard, >23@. According to
The value of the equivalent stress at point 1:
this standard, it is necessary to check the buckling of the
M VI M HI
V 1,u V zV 1  V zH 1  d f d ,1 (24) flange plate with the width b1 and the thickness t1 (Figure 4
Wx1 Wy1 and Figure 5), the buckling of the web plate above the
fy longitudinal stiffener (length a, height h1 and thickness t2 –
f d ,1 (25) Figure 4 and Figure 6) as well as the buckling of the web
J m ˜Q 1 plate under the longitudinal stiffener (length a, height h2 and
where: thickness t2 – Figure 4 and Figure 6). Length a is distance
V 1,u - maximum equivalent stress at point 1 bitween the diaphragms (Figure 4).
f d ,1 - permissible stress
J m 1.1 - general resistance factor, >23@
Q 1 1.5 - the factored load coefficient for load case 1
The value of the normal stress in the x direction at
point 2:
M VI M HI
V z 2 V zV 2  V zH 2  d f d ,1 (26)
Wx 2 Wy 2
The value of the normal stress in the y direction due
to the action of wheel pressure on the web plate (Figure 3): Figure 4: Stiffeners of the box girder
F1 The criterion of local buckling of top flange plate of the box
Vy d f d ,1 (27)
t 2 ˜ lr girder
Testing of the stability of the flange plate segment
(Figure 5) subjected to the action of normal compressive
stress in the x direction was carried out in compliance with
>23@.This criterion is fulfilled if the following condition is
satisfied:
V Sx Q 1 ˜ V zV 1  V zH 2 d fb , Rx (32)
f b , Rx N x ˜ fd (33)
fy
fd (34)
Jm
where:
V Sx - design value of the compressive stress in the x
direction
Figure 3: Effective distribution length under concentrated f b , Rx - critical stress
load

G. 3DYORYLü, M. 6DYNRYLü, N. =GUDYNRYLü, V. Kvrgiü, S. Mitroviü


Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017 A.41

f b , R1x N1 x ˜ f d (45)
f b , R1 y N1 y ˜ f d (46)
e1x 1  N , e1 y
4
1x 1 N 4
1y (47)
h
h1 (48)
y
where:

Figure 5: Top flange


N x - a reduction factor, >23@
§ 1 0.22 ·
Nx ce ˜ ¨  2 ¸ d 1 for Ox ! 0.673 (35)
© Ox Ox ¹
or
N x 1 for Ox d 0.673 (36)
where: Figure 6: Web plate
Ox - non-dimensional plate slenderness, >23@
V S 1x , V S 1 y - design values of the compressive stresses in
fy
Ox (37) zone 1 in the x and y directions, respectively
KV ˜ V e f b , R1x , f b , R1 y - critical stresses
ce 1.25  0.12 ˜\ e , ce d 1.25 (38) N1x , N1 y - reduction factors for zone 1 in the x and y
where: directions, respectively, >23@
KV - a buckling factor (given in Table 15, >23@) § 1 0.22 ·
V e - a reference stress, >23@ N1x c1e ˜ ¨  2 ¸ d 1 for O1x ! 0.673 (49)
© O1x O1x ¹
\ e - the edge stress ratio of the plate, relative to the
or
maximum compressive stress
N1x 1 for O1x d 0.673 (50)
8.2
KV (39) where:
\ e  1.05 O1x - non-dimensional plate slenderness, >23@
V2 V zV 1  V zH 2
\e (40) fy
V1 V zV 1  V zH 2 O1x (51)
2
K V 1 ˜ V 1e
S2 ˜E §t · 1.25  0.12 ˜\ 1e , c1e d 1.25
Ve ˜¨ 1 ¸ (41) c1e (52)
12 ˜ (1 Q 2 ) © b1 ¹
8.2
where: KV 1 (53)
\ 1e  1.05
Q 0.3 - the Poisson’s ratio of the plate
( y  2) ˜ V zV 1  y ˜ V zH 2
kN \ 1e (54)
E 21000 - the elastic modulus of the plate y ˜ V zV 1  V zH 2
cm 2
2
The criterion of local buckling of web plate of the box girder S2 ˜E §t ·
V 1e ˜¨ 2 ¸ (55)
Testing of the stability of the web plate segment 12 ˜ (1 Q ) © h1 ¹
2

(Figure 6) subjected to the action of normal stresses in the x


and y directions was carried out in compliance with >23@. § 1 0.22 ·
N1 y 1.13 ˜ ¨  2 ¸ d 1 for O1 y ! 0.831 (56)
¨O ¸
© 1 y O1 y ¹
The case when, in addition to vertical stiffeners at
midspan, a row of horizontal stiffeners is also placed, the
horizontal stiffeners being placed at the distance of h/y was or
considered (Figure 1). N1 y 1 for O1 y d 0.831 (57)
The criterion of stability of the web plate in zone 1 is where:
fulfilled if the following condition is satisfied: O1y - non-dimensional plate slenderness, >23@
e1 y
§ V S 1x ·
e1 x
§ V S1 y · 6 § V S 1 xV S 1 y ·
 N1 x N1 y ¨
fy
¨¨ ¸¸ ¨ ¸ ¸ d 1 (42) O1 y (58)
© f b , R1x ¹ ¨ f b , R1 y ¸ ¨ f b , R1x f b , R1 y ¸ a
© ¹ © ¹ KV 1 y ˜ V 1e ˜
c1r
V S 1x Q 1 ˜ V zV 2  V zH 2 (43)
where:
Q 1 ˜ F1
V S1 y (44)
t2 ˜ l1r

Design Optimization of the Rectangular Box Section of the Double Beam Bridge Crane Using Matlab Optimization Toolbox
A.42 Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017

KV 1y - a buckling factor for zone 1 (determined using O2 y - non-dimensional plate slenderness, >23@
Figure 11, >23@) fy
c1r - the width over which the transverse load is distributed O2 y (77)
a
(equivalent to l1r ) KV 2 y ˜ V 2e ˜
c2 r
The criterion of stability of the web plate in zone 2 is where:
fulfilled if the following condition is satisfied: KV 2 y - a buckling factor for zone 2 (determined using
e2 y Figure 11, >23@)
§ V S 2x ·
e2 x
§ VS2y · § V S 2 xV S 2 y ·
 N 2 xN 2 y c2r - the width over which the transverse load is distributed
6
¨¨ ¸¸ ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ d 1 (59)
© fb, R 2 x ¹ ¨ fb, R 2 y ¸ ¨ fb, R 2 x fb, R 2 y ¸
© ¹ © ¹ (equivalent to l2r )
§ h / 2  h2 · 3.2.3. The criterion of static deflection
V S 2x Q 1 ˜ ¨ V zV 1 ˜  V zH 2 ¸ (60)
© h/2 ¹ In order to satisfy this criterion, it is necessary that
static deflection in the vertical plane has the value smaller
Q 1 ˜ F1
VS2y (61) than the permissible one.
t 2 ˜ l2 r F1, st ˜ L3
2 ˜ hd 2 ˜ tgN  0.2 ˜ r 2 ˜ hd 2 ˜ tgN  0.1 ˜ Dt f st ˜ ª1  D ˜ (1  6 ˜ E 2 ) º¼ d f dop (78)
48 ˜ E ˜ I ¬
l2 r (62)
x
hd 2 hS  t1  h1 (63)
F2, st
fb, R 2 x N 2 x ˜ f d (64) D 1 (79)
F1, st
fb, R 2 y N 2 y ˜ fd (65)
bk
e2 x 1  N , e2 y 4
1 N 4
(66) E (80)
2x 2y L
h ˜ ( y  1) f dop k˜L (81)
h2 (67)
y where:
where: f st - static deflection in the vertical plane,
V S 2 x , V S 2 y - design values of the compressive stresses in f dop - the permissible deflection in the vertical plane, >22@
zone 2 in the x and y directions, respectively D , E - the coefficients, >22@
f b , R 2 x , f b , R 2 y - critical stresses k - the coefficient which depends on the purpose of the
N 2 x , N 2 y - reduction factors for zone 2 in the x and y crane and control condition of the crane, >22@
directions, respectively, >23@ 3.2.4. The criterion of permissible period of oscillation

§ 1 0.22 · To determine the time of damping of oscillation, it is


N2x c2 e ˜ ¨  2 ¸
d 1 for O2 x ! 0.673 (68) necessary to analyse the vertical oscillation of the main
© O2 x O2 x ¹ girder with the payload. The analysis procedure was
or performed in compliance with >22@ and >24@.
N 2 x 1 for O2 x d 0.673 (69) The mass m1 is determined according to the
where: expression, >24@:
O2 x - non-dimensional plate slenderness, >23@ Q  mk 35 ˜ mm
m1  (82)
2 72
fy where:
O2 x (70) 35 ˜ mm
KV 2 ˜ V 2e - the reduced continual mass of the girder at
72
c2 e 1.25  0.12 ˜\ 2 e , c2 e d 1.25 (71) midspan for the assumed function of displacement of the
KV 2 7.81  6.29 ˜\ 2 e  9.78 ˜\ 2 e 2
(72) elastic line of the adopted discrete dynamic model for the
( y  2) ˜ V zV 1  y ˜ V zH 2 simple girder, >24@
\ 2e (73) The time of damping of oscillation is determined
y ˜ V zH 2  V zV 1
from the expression, >22@:
2
S2 ˜E §t · 6 ˜ S ˜ G11 ˜ m1
V 2e ˜¨ 2 ¸ (74) T d Td (83)
12 ˜ (1 Q ) © h2 ¹
2
Jd
§ 1 0.22 · mm 1.1 ˜ U ˜ A ˜ L (84)
N2 y 1.13 ˜ ¨  2 ¸
d 1 for O2 y ! 0.831 (75)
¨O ¸
© 2 y O2 y ¹ 1.0 ˜ L 3
G11 (85)
or 48 ˜ E ˜ I x
N2 y 1 for O2 y d 0.831 (76) where:
mm - the mass of the girder (increased by the mass of the
where: diaphragms and the longitudinal stiffeners)

G. 3DYORYLü, M. 6DYNRYLü, N. =GUDYNRYLü, V. Kvrgiü, S. Mitroviü


Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017 A.43

G11 - the deflection of the girder caused by the action of the adopted for mentioned classification class. Other input datas
unit force are shown in Table 1.
Td - the permissible time of damping of oscillation As initial conditions (vector X0) in the optimization
process are taken the dimensions of the rectangular box
(permissible period of oscillation), which depends on the section of existing solutions of the double beam bridge
purpose of the crane, >22@ cranes (shown in Table 1).
J d - the logarithmic decrement which shows the rate of As additional criteria for the optimization process are
damping of oscillation, which depends on the ratio between taken production feasibility (distance between the webs) and
the height of the girder H and the span L, >22@ the recommended minimum thicknesses of the plates.
Minimum thickness of the web plates is adopted to
4. NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS
be 5 mm and minimum thickness of the bottom and top
OBTAINED
flange is adopted to be 6 mm, which are also the constraint
The optimization process is done by Optimization functions. In addition, as one more constraint function,
Toolbox module of Matlab software. minimum distance between the web plates is taken to be: 20
Existing solutions of the double beam bridge cranes cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. These values are shown by the
that were used as examples for the optimization process are minimum values (lower boundaries) of the optimization
in classification class 2m/M5, so that certain input parameters (vector lb).
parameters necessary for the optimization process are The boundaries for the optimization parameter y are
taken as recommended values (y = 3 y 5).
Table 1: Characteristics of existing solutions of the double beam bridge cranes
Q L mk Dt bk t1 t2 h b1 bf Ag
No. Manufacturer Material
(t) (m) (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm2)
1 Colpart 15 20.69 780 170 S355 1000 10 6 98 31 41 199.6
2 Colpart 10 23.3 690 140 S355 1000 10 6 98 30 40 185.6
3 Colpart 2x25 22.5 2x2920 230 S355 1350 12 8 147.6 41.8 52 360.96
Montavar
4 20 18.95 860 170 S235 1000 10 8 98 31 41 238.8
Lola
Table 2: The values of optimum parameters and Savings
t1 t2 h b1 bf Aopt Saving
No. y
(mm) (mm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm2) (%)
1 7 6 113.74 20 29.6 4.07 177.93 10.86
1 7 6 113.74 25.04 34.64 4.06 184.98 7.32
1 6 5 111.15 30 39.5 3.96 158.55 20.57
2 6 5 120.91 20 29.5 3.76 156.31 15.78
2 6 5 117.4 25 34.5 3.73 158.8 14.44
3 8 6 136.1 50 60.6 3.84 260.28 27.89
3 8 6 132.28 52.78 63.38 4.02 260.14 27.93
4 6 5 107.26 45.23 55.73 3.89 174.14 27.08

Table 2 shows the results of the optimization for optimization rather than the realization of the specific
four existing solutions of the double beam bridge cranes, calculation. The results of optimization (the main
according to euro codes and material saving at different paremeters of the cross-sectional area of the rectangular
initial conditions (the minimum value of b1). It can be seen box girder) represent the starting point for designers while
that in some cases of existing solutions of the double beam designing box girders.The justification of application of
bridge cranes the optimization process gives different Optimization Toolbox module of Matlab software was
results. The plate thickness values are rounded to whole checked on four solutions of the double beam bridge
numbers. The values with the greatest savings of some cranes which are in operation. The optimization task –
examples are bolded. minimization of the cross-sectional area was successfully
5. CONCLUSION realized, which is seen in the comparison of the obtained
results with the solutions made in practice. The application
Based on the optimization theory and the procedure of this method resulted in significant savings in the
for calculation of steel box girder of the bridge cranes, this material, within the range of 15.78 y 27.93%. Similar
paper combines the optimum design philosophy and the procedure can be carried out for the situation with two
design of the rectangular box girder. The cross-sectional rows of longitudinal stiffeners, which is the case for
area is optimized making full use of the optimization greater spans and load capacities.
function in the Matlab Optimization Toolbox. The result The conclusion is that further research should be
shows that the Matlab Optimization Toolbox is reliable, directed toward a multi-criteria analysis where it is
convenient and rapid. Therefore, it can be widely utilized necessary to include additional constraint functions, such
in the optimization of the cross-sectional area of steel box as: influence of manufacturing technology, types of
girders for similar constructions. material, conditions of crane control and operation,
Application of Matlab Optimizaiton Toolbox on material fatigue and economy. Previously mentioned is the
sections of the rectangular box girders of the bridge cranes basis for further research in order to save material, and
allows designers to concentrate their attention on the

Design Optimization of the Rectangular Box Section of the Double Beam Bridge Crane Using Matlab Optimization Toolbox
A.44 Proceedings of IX Triennial International Conference “Heavy Machinery-HM 2017”, Zlatibor, 28 June - 1 July 2017

also to minimize the cost of the girder manufacturing, [12] ù. Yildirim and E. Esim, “A New Approach for
>20@. The obtained results can be of great importance both Dynamic Analysis of Overhead Crane Systems Under
for crane designers and for the researchers dealing with Moving Loads”, Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese
similar optimization problems. Conference on Automatic Control “CONTROLO
2016”, Guimarães (Portugal), 14-16 September 2016,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
pp. 471-481, (2016)
A part of this work is a contribution to the Ministry
[13] Y. He, Y. Zhang, B. Yang, S. Liu and D. Chen,
of Science and Technological Development of Serbia
“Finite element analysis in dynamic conditions of
funded Project TR 35038.
bridge crane beam”, Applied Mechanics and Materials,
REFERENCES Vol. 331, pp. 70-73, (2013)
[1] P.F. Liu, L.J. Xing, Y. L. Liu and J.Y. Zheng, [14] L.B. Gayatrimani and A.D. Lagad, “Design of
“Strength Analysis and Optimal Design for Main optimum cross section for EOT Crane Girder”,
Girder of Double-Trolley Overhead Traveling Crane International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ),
Using Finite Element Method”, J Fail. Anal. and Special Issue 2, pp. 4233-4237, (2015)
Preven, Vol. 14, pp. 76-86, (2014)
[15] A.M. Gohil and Y.D. Vora, “Bridge Girder Design of
[2] Q. Wang, X. Zhang and C. Sun, “Lightweight Design an EOT Crane Structure-A Cad Approach”, National
and Research of Box Girder for Double Girder Bridge conference on current trends in technology “NUCONE
Crane”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 229- 2007”, Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India), 29 November-1
231, pp. 478-481, (2012) December 2007, pp. 256-259, (2007)
[3] J. Wang, W. Jan and X. Gui, “Application of Matlab [16] G. 3DYORYLü9 .YUJLü6 0LWURYLü0 6DYNRYLü and
Optimization Tool Box on Sections of Prestressed N. =GUDYNRYLü, “Optimization of the box section of the
Steel-concrete Composite Box Girder”, Advanced single-girder bridge crane by GRG algorithm
Materials Research, Vol. 366, pp. 177-180, (2011) according to domestic standards and eurocodes”, 7th
[4] A. Kumar and R.R. Arakerimath, “Numerical and International Scientific Conference On Defensive
experimental buckling analysis of crane girder”, Technologies “OTEH 2016”, Belgrade (Serbia), 6–7
IJRET: International Journal of Research in October 2016, pp. 211-217, (2016)
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, pp. 199-197, [17] G.N. Xu, X.F. Wang, J.K. Zhang and W.J. Qin,
(2016) “Optimization of the Multi-Sectioned Box Girder of
[5] '*ąVNDDQG&3\SQR³6WUHQJWKDQGHODVWLFVWDELOLW\ the Bridge Cranes”, Proceedings of the 2015
of cranes in aspect of new and old design standards”, International Conference on Energy and Mechanical
Mechanika, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 226-231, (2011) Engineering, Wuhan, Hubei (China), 17-18 October
2015, pp. 927-935, (2015)
[6] T. Yifei, T. Zhaohui, Y. Wei and Y. Zhen, “Research
on Energy-saving Optimization Design of Bridge [18] V. Antsev, A. Tolokonnikov and P. Kalabin,
Crane”, Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance “Optimization of bridge type hoisting machines' metal
and Reliability, Vol. 15, pp. 449-457, (2013) structure”, ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɌɭɥȽɍ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ,
Vol. 4, (2009)
[7] D. Qin, Y. Wang, Q. Zhu, J. Chen and Z. Liu,
“Research and Practice for Structural Optimization [19] A. Tolokonnikov and P. Kalabin, “Optimization of
Design of Large-Scale Continuum”, 9th World geometrical parametres of main beams of bridge cranes
Congress on Structural and Multidisciplinary with belts of a different thickness”, ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɌɭɥȽɍ
Optimization “WCSMO-9”, Shizuoka (Japan), 13-17 Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɭɤɢ, Vol. 2, pp. 53-57, (2009)
June 2011, (2011) [20] J. Farkas and K. Jármai, “Optimum Design of Steel
[8] J. Gailius “Tiltinio krano konstrukcijos mases Structures”, Springer, Heidelberg (Germany), (2003)
racionalizavimas”, Proceedings of the 17th Conference [21] T.F. Coleman and Y. Zhang, “Optimization Toolbox
for Junior Researchers “Science – Future of Lithuania” for use with Matlab - User’s Guide”, The MathWorks,
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND Natick (Massachusetts, USA), (2005)
MANAGEMENT, Vilnius (Lithuania), 8 May 2014,
[22] ' 2VWULü DQG 6 7RãLü, “Dizalice”, Institute for
pp. 243-2461, (2014)
Mechanization of the Faculty of Mechanical
[9] Z. Ning, “Structural Optimization Research on Girder Engineering of the University in Belgrade, Belgrade
of 200t Bridge Crane Based on Ansys”, Advanced (Serbia), (2005)
Materials Research, Vols. 430-432, pp. 1708-1711,
[23] prEN 13001-3-1, “Cranes - General Design - Part 3-1:
(2012)
Limit States and proof competence of steel structure”,
[10] ɂȺ Ʌɚɝɟɪɟɜ ³ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ (2010)
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
[24] D. 2VWULü, “Dinamika mosnih dizalica”, Faculty of
ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɧɚ´
Mechanical Engineering of the University in Belgrade,
ɇɚɭɤɚɢɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ– 2014, pp. 36-40, (2014)
Belgrade (Serbia), (1998)
[11] T. Haniszewski, “Strength analysis of overhead
traveling crane with use fem”, Transport problems,
Vol. 9, pp. 19-26, (2014)

G. 3DYORYLü, M. 6DYNRYLü, N. =GUDYNRYLü, V. Kvrgiü, S. Mitroviü

View publication stats

You might also like