FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE

ONE / 2017

BBPP1103

BACHELOR OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION WITH HONOURS

MATRICULATION NO : xxxxxxxxxxx
IDENTITY CARD NO. : xxxxxxxxxxx
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LEARNING CENTRE : Manjung Learning Centre

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BODY OF CONTENT

1.Introduction of planning and company background Page 3

-Company name, type of business, product or provided, company location,

company in terms of market and manpower

2.Planning Format Page 4

-Description

-Budget

-Graphics

5.Planning Hierarchy Page 5

-Strategic Plan

-Tactical Plan

-Operational Plan

6.Planning Frequency Page 7

-Single Time Usage

-Standing Plan

7. Summary and the Most Difficult type of Plan to Implement Page 9

8. References Page10

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 Introduction of Planning and Company Background

Planning is a process of determining the objective and methods. In order to achieve

the objective, we should look into the motive, the scale of project (Large or Small) and
requirements which also consist of several forms, sizes and meaning. In the of ( Dessler
2001) has categorised planning into three main dimension which is based on format,
organisation hierarchy and frequency of use. Planning is a process which identifies,
determine and defines the goals or objective that an organisation desire to achieve. This
process also extends to future planning, including the strategies that needs to be maintained in
order to achieve a particular organisations requirements. (Rue & Byars,2000) Task listing,
budget and schedules also plays a main role in all business sectors. For an organization to be
effective and efficient in serving its customers, the managers must apply certain fundamental
principles and methods of planning and control the process of production for the outputs
(Frame, J. Davidso, 2002). The background of organisation which I am going to elaborate in
this assignment is my previous employer which I worked for 10 years, Vishay Semiconductor
Malaysia. It is operating at Krubong Industrial Park,Mukim Krubong Melaka. There is
around 1000 workers in this semiconductor company. They produce semiconductor products
such as Solid State Relay and Opto coupler. They have a total of 1000 worker. It is a
semiconductor company.

Planning: Format

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 The first type of planning based on format. Firstly, descriptive planning is achieved
when a planning written or stated in the form of statement. Descriptive planning is defined
objectives form the foundation for selecting appropriate content it is a specific statements
describing what the company need to achieve and it’s a planning instruction. It is a written
document where document lists the employee’s responsibilities and the core job functions,
goals, and expectations for performance. For example, a written job description set by human
resource to hire a technician. It is based on vision, mission and values. A written job plan
will guide an employee's use of his or her work time and inform the employee of the
priorities and needed outcomes. A job plans to assess an employee's progress on goals and
core responsibilities. To set a career, we must have interest, skills, abilities and value that
integrate through decision making to get a job.

Planning based on format falls in the budget. Budgeting is the way to control cash
flow, allowing the company to invest in new opportunity at the appropriate time. One of the
example master budget is a comprehensive planning document. Budget is usually prepared on
an annual basis. the forecast of revenues generated by the company's sales department and
sales vice-presidents. The results of all these budgets flow into the budgeted income
statement, budgeted statement of cash flows, and finally, into the balance sheet. The example
is production budget, material purchases budget and manufacturing overhead budget.

Graphics planning is a planning in the form of charts. The use of structured

methodologies, such as programme management, offers the ability to provide a systematic
approach to support the business planning process. Indeed, ensuring there is a robust process
to support planning can help improve the success of strategic initiatives. Process
considerations include the features of the planning stage, human-dimensions of decision-
making, managerial and technical skills available to the team—both the internal and external
context for the planning as well as the initial and final outcome measures of performance
(Bryson & Bromiley, 1993). A flowchart used in planning production system in Vishay.
Project department uses Gantt Chart to plan and schedule projects. It assesses how long a
project should take, determine the resources needed, and plan the order to complete tasks. Bar
chart is used to determine total sales for the year. Fish bone diagram identifies possible
causes for an effect or problem new product launch from the new development of a device
until the final testing. Pareto chart is to determine customer complain of products. This is
used by Quality Department.

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 Planning: Hierarchy

The second type of planning is hierarchy. It is done by all levels of management that

is top, middle and lower management. The objective of an organisation determined at each

level. Strategic plan, tactical plan and operation plan falls under hierarchy planning. Top-

level managers, or top managers, are also called senior management such as Chairperson of

the Board, President, Vice president, Corporate head. They make strategic plan in the

organisational hierarchy. They make decisions affecting the company. Top managers do not

direct the day-to-day activities of the firm but they set goals for the Vishay and direct the

company to achieve them. Top managers are ultimately responsible for the performance of

the organization, and often, these managers have very visible jobs. Top-level managers

require having very good conceptual and decision-making skills. According to (Top Level

Management, Boundless 2014) described that strategy is a way of problem solving. The

strategic plan is a general guide for the management of the organisation according to the

priorities and goals. Strategy involves the action plan of a company for achieving the

economic, social, and objective. It helps to bridge the gap between the long term vision and
short term decisions.

Strategic Planning is organization’s mission, strategy and organizational values

among staff, board members and external constituencies. Vision of Vishay is to achieve
success by combining innovative concepts with leadership in process of technology and

design and manufacturing excellence to offer products and services that reduce the cost,

improve the performance and shorten the time to market our target to customers worldwide

by the Planning Department. According to( http://www.vishay.com/company/about/mission/

). Vishay’s mission to provide costumer with a single manufacturing source for discrete

semiconductor and passive components, produce a quality product and a customer service
worldwide Vishay ‘s Goals to implement corporate governance, create the value of
sustainability, expand global management and be a partner of choice. It determines the

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company direction. It will be a focused on delivery of a strategic opportunity for the

organisation and often driven top-down to meet a defined vision (Cecil, J., Davidson, S., &
Muthaiyan, A. 2006).

Tactical plans are the specific action steps necessary to get results. Tactical plans are
usually developed in the area of production, marketing, personnel finance and plant facilities.
Tactical plans are usually developed in the areas of production, marketing, personnel, finance
and plant facilities. Tactical planning is a short term planning., Tactical planning should focus
on what to do in the short term to help the organization achieve the long term objectives
determined by strategic planning. In Vishay Mid-level department managers participate in the
budgeting process through the information they provide to the finance team. As front-line
managers, they report departmental expenses and revenue contributions to both the
accounting department and plant manager, providing the fundamental information necessary
to project future income and expenses. Department managers also make personal
recommendations or requests for their departmental budgets based on their experiences on the
front line. A sales manager may request additional funds for staff training resources, for
example, while an accounting manager may request a payroll budget increase to hire
additional collections specialists.

Operational plan is a planning process linked to strategic goals and objectives to

tactical goal and objectives. The development of an operational plan requires a number of
steps over a period of thirty days to six months. SOP is a policy and procedure
document which describes the regular recurring activities appropriate to quality operations.
SOPs are written steps to explain good manufacturing practices (GMP), plant safety routines
are used in Vishay. Standard operating procedure are written based on OSHA standards,
provides information on the rulemaking process used to develop workplace health and safety
standards. They are responsible for providing a safe and healthful workplace. ISO9001,
TS16949 and ISO140001 an internationally recognized standard, it has become the basis for
creating a quality management system used to improve customer satisfaction, to find
improvements in efficiency and cost savings and. improvement in monitoring process.

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 Planning: Frequency

Planning Based on frequency of use Frequency. All businesses must create plans
before making any decisions related to internal operations, short-term projects or long-term
development and financial growth. There are several types of plans for a given business, two
of which includes single-use plans and standing plans. Although both of these plans are used
in a business environment, neither falls under the definition of a business plan.

A single-use plan in a business environment refers to plans developed for a one-time

project or event that has one specific goal or objective. The length of a single-use plan differs
greatly depending on the project in question, as a single event plan may only last one day
while a single project may last weeks or months. Single-use plans consist of budgets,
programs and a description of the employees who will be contributing to the single-use plan.
A program such as Vishay Annual dinner for the year 2017 is a single use plan. This is done
by the Human Resource Department. For this program a budget will be prepared only for a
specific time frame. This type of plan is to carry out a special project within an organisation.
Firstly, we need to analyse to cost for the preparation of food, drink, rental, and A/V
equipment. When planning a themed event, it is important to make sure the decorations,
centrepieces, and entertainment fit properly. In some cases, it may be necessary to contact an
organization familiar with themed events in order to ensure the right presentation. So we need
professionals in the decoration. A budget is also a single financial plan. It details how funds
will be spent on labour, raw materials, capital goods, information systems, marketing and so
on, as well as how the funds will be obtained. A budget will not be the same, so it is an only
planned single time. The opening of another new branch at Penang will be applicable only to
the new branch where each plan made only for the Penang Branch office only. This happens
because the branch will have different resources such as money, manpower, customer’s
distribution and size of area. Single-use plans are created to address short-term challenges or
provide guidance for short-term problem solving. Single-use plans can be created in teams or
by individual managers. The scope of these plans is generally smaller than the scope of
standing plans. For example, single-use plans can be created for specific work groups or
departments to guide their contributions to short-term company objectives. One of project is
material based projects such as conversion from etched frame to stamp frame for cost
reduction purposes. This project has a start date and an end date and well-defined objectives
and budget. This project has establishment of objective, that is conversion of etched frame to

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stamp frame. The area is product development laboratory and being assigned to two material
engineer, and an assistant engineer. Then with a proper training, instruction and evaluations
done to successfully qualify the project to production floor.

Standing plans are often policies, procedures and regulation that developed to ensure the
internal operations of a given business are operating smoothly. It is usually a repeated
planning. Standing plans are often developed once and then modified to suit the business'
needs as required. Examples of standing plans include policies for employee interaction,
procedures for reporting internal issues in the company and regulations in terms of what is
allowable and what is prohibited in the business. In Vishay, employee disciplinary problems
such as late coming, absenteeism or no show, no employees are searching for internet porn
sites while working hours and neglect of duty and smoking on prohibited are. It is because
the rules and regulation made clearly by the human resource policy before joining work in
Vishay. Therefore, all the conducts above will cause disciplinary action. This includes verbal
warning, counselling, official written complain letter, disciplinary meeting with supervisor or
manager for the employee with problem. Some of the serious problem will cause detraction
of benefit as a Vishay worker, suspension or demotion and lastly termination. This is
monitored by Human Resource Department. Procedure refers to action or processes measured
when a certain situation arises. For example, before claiming any compensation from
Vishay’s Purchasing Department for damaged product sold, the customer must fulfil certain
procedure like to record the damage in the inventory system, to obtain approval from quality
department and lastly the report on damage done before 30 days. Standing plans which are to
be used over and over again lead to the development of policies, procedures, methods, rules
and strategies. Objectives, policies, procedures, rules, methods, strategies form the part of
standing plan. Every individual in the organisation has to follow the methods and procedures.
Standing plan is a long term planning and prepared by the top level management. The
objective of standing plan is to attain primary goals. Standing plan is stable in nature and
cannot be changed. Standing plan has five types that is objectives, policies, rules, procedure
and strategies.

Summary and the most difficult type of planning

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 Lastly this is the summary of all three types of plan. There are three type of planning that
is format, hierarchy and frequency. Planning on the types format have descriptive planning,
budget planning and graphics. Planning based on hierarchy have strategic plan, tactical plan
and operation plan. Planning based on frequency have single use plan and standing plan. (Pai,
P., Chang, P., Wang, S., & Lin, K. 2004). In my opinion the most difficult type of planning to
be implemented is planning based on hierarchy in strategic planning. For example, lack of
worker in quality department where they have insufficient personnel to accomplish all the job
scope that have been drawn up to implement the ambitious strategies have developed by the
top level management. Financial resources can be a constraint on implementation as well.
Company management often finds it necessary to prioritize its strategies to make a judgment
about which ones are most critical to implement given the finite or even scarce financial
resources available. Implementation is a complex process because some strategies require a
long series of steps, proper timing to be successful, such as deciding the best time of year to
launch a new a new product. A change in strategic direction causes change through the entire
company. The entire department of the company have to agree and implement the revised
strategy. Not all the employees will agree with the new strategic direction. A change in
strategic direction causes ripple effects of change throughout the organization. Entire
departments or divisions may have to be reorganized to implement the revised strategies.
Reporting relationships may be redrawn. All employees may not agree with the new strategic
direction. They have resistance to change, they may resent the new responsibilities they have
been given, and, as a result, not put enough effort that is required for the new strategies to
succeed. Part of top management's job is to convince all members in the organization that the
changes, in the long run, will benefit everyone. If management communicates the reasons
behind the change in strategy, resistance can be minimized, and employees are more likely to
support the decisions that were made. A team work is required for strategic implementation.
Strategic implementation is not as simple as the small-business owner handing out a list of
tasks and due dates to each employee. Personnel within departments and across functional
areas must build a spirit of teamwork, pulling together to efficiently implement each strategy.
If there is friction within departments or functional areas, the strategies may not be
successfully implemented because vital communication will be lacking among team
members. Successful implementation requires everyone involved to contribute their
knowledge, special skills and time.

2964words

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By: Certo, Samuel C.. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall, c2012
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Saddle River, NJ 07458, ISBN 0-13-017615-X [Chapman S. N. (2001)].

4. Gary Dessler,Pearson Educación, 2001 - Personnel management -

5.The fundamentals of production planning and control, Ed. Prentice Hall, Upper
Saddle River, NJ 07458, ISBN 0-13-017615-X [Chapman S. N. (2001)]. Indeed, business
planning has historically been a recognised approach to support new venture creation
(Delmar & Shane, 2003)

6.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishay Intertechnology

7.http://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/budgeting-and-business-planning/#5

8.Source: Boundless. "Top-Level Management." Boundless Management Boundless, 4

Nov. 2016. Retrieved 28 Mar.
2017 from https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-
textbook/introduction-to-management-1/management-levels-and-types-18/top-level-
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9.http://www.infoentrepreneurs.org/en/guides/budgeting-and-business-planning/#5

10.https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-
textbook/strategic-management-12/strategic-management-86/what-is-strategy-415-1550/

11. http://www.vishay.com/company/about/mission/

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framework for manufacturing planning. International Journal of Advanced
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EBSCO Online Database Academic Search Premier.

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