Design of Beams

Transverse

1. Roof Beam (L=5m)

 Maximum Moment:  Maximum Load:
MDL = 5.15kNm PDL = 3.37kN
MLL = 7.12kNm PLL = 11.58kN
MEL = 0.54kN PEL = 0.27kN

Mu = 1.3DL + 1.1LL + 1.1E Pu = 1.3DL + 1.1LL + 1.1E

Mu = 1.3(5.15) + 1.1(7.12) + Pu = 1.3(3.37) + 1.1(11.58) +
1.1(0.54) 1.1(0.27)
Mu = 15.12kNm Pu = 17.42kN

 W 14 x 30
Properties:
A = 5,710mm² bf = 170.9mm rx = 145.64mm
d = 351.5mm tf = 9.8mm ry = 37.8mm
tw = 6.9mm rt = 44.20mm Sx=689x103 mm4

 Check compactness  Allowable Shear Stress

Width thickness ratio: h = d – 2tf = 351.1 – 2(9.8)
h = 331.5mm
𝑏𝑓 170.9 ℎ 331.5
= = 8.72 = = 48.04
𝑡𝑤 6.9
2𝑡𝑓 2(9.8) 998 998
170 170 = = 63.37
√𝐹𝑦 √248
= = 10.79
√𝐹𝑦 √248
𝑏𝑓 ℎ 998
<
170
, Compact Element 𝑡𝑤
< , 𝐹𝑣 = 0.4𝐹𝑦
2𝑡𝑓 √𝐹𝑦
√𝐹𝑦

Depth thickness ratio: 0.4𝐹𝑦 = 0.4(248) = 99.2𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑑 351.1
= = 50.88 𝑭𝒚 > 𝒇𝒚 , 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆!
𝑡𝑤 6.9
1680 1680
= = 106.46  Moment Capacity
√𝐹𝑦 √248
𝑑 1680
𝑀 15.12
< , Compact Element 𝐹𝑏 = = = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟒𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑡𝑤 √𝐹𝑦 𝑆𝑥 689x103
0.66𝐹𝑦 = 0.66(248) = 163.68𝑀𝑃𝑎

 Shear Stress 𝑭𝒃 < 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝑭𝒚 , Section is adequate!

𝑉 17.42
𝑓𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 = 351.1(6.9)
𝑤
𝒇𝒗 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟖𝑴𝑷𝒂
2. 3rd Floor (L=5m)
 Maximum Moment:  Maximum Load:
MDL = 76.03kNm PDL = 70.22kN
MLL = 59.08kNm PLL = 61.79kN

 W 16 x 50
Properties:
A = 9,484mm² bf = 179.6mm rx = 170.06mm
d = 413mm tf = 16mm ry = 40.41mm
tw = 9.7mm rt = 46.74mm Sx=1,328x103 mm4
Fy = 414MPa n = 10 Ix = 274,289 x103 mm4

 Effective width of flange

b = (L/4) = (500/4) = 1,250mm

𝐴𝑐𝑡 = (𝑏/𝑛)𝑡 = (1250/10)(150) = 18,750mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 9,484mm²

yc = 413+ 75 = 488mm
ys = 488/2 =244 mm

𝐴𝑡 = 18,750 + 9,484 = 28,234 mm²

 [AT ӯ = ∑ Ay ]
28,234 ӯ = 18,750(413) + 9484(244) ;ӯ = 356mm

dc = 413– 356= 57mm

ds = 356- 244 = 112 mm

 [It = ∑(Ig + Ad2)]

57(150)³
𝐼𝑡 = 274,289x10³ + 9,484(112)2 + + 18,750(57)²
12
𝐼𝑡𝑟 = 470.2 x 106 mm⁴

 Section Modulus:
Referred to bottom steel flange: cs = 356mm
𝐼 470.2 x 106
𝑆𝑡𝑟 = 𝑐𝑡 = 356 =1,320,804mm3
𝑠

Referred to top of concrete: cc = 132 mm

𝐼 470.2 x 106
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑐𝑡 = 132 = 3,562,121mm3
𝑐
When shored
 Steel stress:
Allowable Fb =0.66Fy = 163.68 MPa
𝑀𝐷+𝑀𝐿 76.03+59.08
[𝑓𝑠 = ]= = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟐𝟗𝑴𝑷𝒂 < 0.66Fy (OK)
𝑆𝑡𝑟 1,320,804

 Allowable Shear Stress:

ℎ 413−2(16) 998
= = 39.28 < ( = 63.67)
𝑡𝑤 9.7 √𝐹𝑦
Fv = 0.4Fy = 99.2 MPa
𝑉 (70.22+61.79) 𝑥 103
[𝑓𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 ]= = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝑴𝑷𝒂<0.4Fy (OK)
𝑤 413(9.7)

 Concrete Stress:
Allowable Fb =0.45f’c = 12.15MPa
𝑀 +𝑀 76.03+59.08
[𝑓𝑐 = 𝐷𝑛𝑆 𝐿 ] 𝑓𝑐 = 10(3,562,121) = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟏𝑴𝑷𝒂 <0.45f’c (OK)
𝑡

THE BEAM IS ADEQUATE WHEN SHORED.

When unshored
 Steel Stress:
𝑀𝐷 𝑀𝐿
𝑓𝑠 = +
𝑆𝑥 𝑛𝑆𝑡
76.03 59.08
𝑓𝑠 =1,328x103 + 10(3,562,121)

𝒇𝒔 = 58.91MPa < 0.66Fy(OK)

 Concrete Stress:
𝑀𝐿 59.08
𝑓𝑐 = =
𝑛𝑆𝑡 10(3,562,121)

𝒇𝒄 = 1.66MPa<0.45f’c (OK)

THE BEAM IS ADEQUATE WHEN UNSHORED

.
3. 2nd Floor (L=5m)
 Maximum Moment:  Maximum Load:
MDL = 75.47kNm PDL = 68.12kN
MLL = 58.99kNm PLL = 61.75kN

 W 16 x 50
Properties:
A = 9,484mm² bf = 179.6mm rx = 170.06mm
d = 413mm tf = 16mm ry = 40.41mm
tw = 9.7mm rt = 46.74mm Sx=1,328x103 mm4
Fy = 414MPa n = 10 Ix = 274,289 x103 mm4

 Effective width of flange

b = (L/4) = (500/4) = 1,250mm

𝐴𝑐𝑡 = (𝑏/𝑛)𝑡 = (1250/10)(150) = 18,750mm2

𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 9,484mm²

yc = 413+ 75 = 488mm
ys = 488/2 =244 mm

𝐴𝑡 = 18,750 + 9,484 = 28,234 mm²

 [AT ӯ = ∑ Ay ]
28,234 ӯ = 18,750(413) + 9484(244) ;ӯ = 356mm

dc = 413– 356= 57mm

ds = 356- 244 = 112 mm

 [It = ∑(Ig + Ad2)]

57(150)³
𝐼𝑡 = 274,289x10³ + 9,484(112)2 + + 18,750(57)²
12
𝐼𝑡𝑟 = 470.2 x 106 mm⁴

 Section Modulus:
Referred to bottom steel flange: cs = 356mm
𝐼 470.2 x 106
𝑆𝑡𝑟 = 𝑐𝑡 = 356 =1,320,804mm3
𝑠

Referred to top of concrete: cc = 132 mm

𝐼 470.2 x 106
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑐𝑡 = 132 = 3,562,121mm3
𝑐
When shored
 Steel stress:
Allowable Fb =0.66Fy = 163.68 MPa
𝑀𝐷+𝑀𝐿 75.47+58.99
[𝑓𝑠 = ]= = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟖𝑴𝑷𝒂 < 0.66Fy (OK)
𝑆𝑡𝑟 1,320,804

 Allowable Shear Stress:

ℎ 413−2(16) 998
= = 39.28 < ( = 63.67)
𝑡𝑤 9.7 √𝐹𝑦
Fv = 0.4Fy = 99.2 MPa
𝑉 (68.12+61.78) 𝑥 103
[𝑓𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡 ]= = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝑴𝑷𝒂<0.4Fy (OK)
𝑤 413(9.7)

 Concrete Stress:
Allowable Fb =0.45f’c = 12.15MPa
𝑀 +𝑀 75.47+58.99
[𝑓𝑐 = 𝐷𝑛𝑆 𝐿 ] 𝑓𝑐 = 10(3,562,121) = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟕𝑴𝑷𝒂 <0.45f’c (OK)
𝑡

THE BEAM IS ADEQUATE WHEN SHORED.

When unshored
 Steel Stress:
𝑀𝐷 𝑀𝐿
𝑓𝑠 = +
𝑆𝑥 𝑛𝑆𝑡
75.47 58.99
𝑓𝑠 =1,328x103 + 10(3,562,121)

𝒇𝒔 = 58.48MPa < 0.66Fy(OK)

 Concrete Stress:
𝑀𝐿 58.99
𝑓𝑐 = =
𝑛𝑆𝑡 10(3,562,121)

𝒇𝒄 = 1.65MPa<0.45f’c (OK)

THE BEAM IS ADEQUATE WHEN UNSHORED