1 Content and Standards: CC.1.4.3.F Demonstrate a grade- appropriate command of the conventions of standard English grammar, usage, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. 2 Prerequisites: Students will know that a noun includes: people, places, things, ideas, and animals. 3 Essential Questions: What does the word plural mean? Does a noun change when it becomes plural? Is it the same rule for all words? 4 Instructional Objective: Students will be able to create plural nouns and use them in sentences. 5 Instructional Procedures:(Before) [6 minutes] Write Singular Noun/Plural Noun on the board divided by a solid line. Define and use examples to explain what singular and plural means. Interdisciplinary input: the addition of more than one makes it plural. (Gum ball examples such as one gum ball and another gum ball makes two gum balls. Another example could be one pencil to two pencils may be used to visually explain the definition of plural.) List school, glass, and party in the singular noun column. Ask students how they would say more than one school. Continue with glass and party. Explain that even though they use the nouns often in speech, they need to know how to correctly pluralize them and write them. Explain there are different rules that will be learned over the next lessons. Show the video: Nessy Spelling Strategy: Plurals -s - es. (1:50). Write schools, glasses, and parties. (During) [20 minutes] Today, we will be talking about when to add-s and when to add -es. First, most nouns can be made plural by adding -s. List duck, spoon, pan, hat, desk, pillow, pencil, cat on the board. Students may come to the board to add the s to the nouns as practice. Next, we will talk about adding -es to nouns to make them plural. Hang poster cards with ch, sh, s, x, z on the board. Discuss the additional rule. Some examples could include buses, kisses, messes, glasses, dresses, foxes, fixes, mixes, faxes, boxes, crashes, wishes, brushes, flashes, dishes, peaches, watches, churches, lunches, buzzes, fizzes, frizzes. Students will then be given the graphic organizer that will be part of a multi- lesson packet. Students will follow directions to cut and paste the organizer onto paper. Students will choose words and record them on scrap paper through talk/turn, pod work, or independent choices according to differentiation. After discussing as a class and teacher observation, they will add their constructs to the graphic organizer. Students will write two sentences: One using an -es and and one using -s noun from their list. (After). [Four minutes] Introduce Pablo the Penguin and Luke the Penguin to the class. They will be the helpful reminders as we learn about plural nouns. Keep an eye out for more penguin friends who will help us remember the rules we are learning. The penguins and their school of plural nouns will be on display to help us remember as we practice. Students will be encouraged to keep an eye out for plural nouns that end in -s/-es between this lesson and the next. Examples will be taken the next day as review. 6 Materials and Equipment: Graphic organizer, scissors, glue, paper, scrap paper, milk jug igloo, word ending cards, penguins. 7 Assessment/Evaluation: Students will add -s and -es to nouns on the board and in their graphic organizer. 8 VII. Differentiation: Individualized Activities: Switch A: Students will volunteer nouns that can add-s to for the board examples, rather than having them all provided. Switch B: Students will be given half of the examples and will generate the other examples. Switch C: Students will have more completed examples done as a class. There will more repetition with Switch C. 9 Technology: Youtube video: Nessy Spelling Strategy: Plurals -s -es 10 Self-Assessment Teacher will observe and monitor student input and practice. Student sentences will be used to measure understanding and be able to show if a noun is singular or plural. Additionally, the flip book graphic organizer sentences will continue to build with the next lessons. Continual consideration of sentence building with correct plural noun endings will be considered. Differentiation will be monitored and changes made according to need and skills learned. The lessons will build upon one another and each skill will be reviewed each day.