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How to Calculate
Buoyant Force
By Anthony Smith; Updated April 24, 2017

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Buoyancy, or buoyant force, is based on

Archimedes' Principle. This principle states, "Any
object, wholly or partly immersed in a fluid, is
buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the
fluid displaced by the object." Archimides'
Principle is important in hydro-engineering
applications, such as shipbuilding. The steps
below detail how to calculate buoyant force.

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Obtain the volume of the object on which you

wish to calculate the bouyant force. We will call
this value for the volume "V."

Determine what percentage (based on volume) of

the object will be submerged in the water.

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Convert this percentage to a decimal number. We

will call this value "v." For example; if 100 percent
of the object is to be submerged, v= 1.0 . If 50
percent of the object is to be submersed, v= 0.50 .

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Substitute this value into the equation for

buoyant force: FB = (V)(v) x (SPH2O) Where FB =
buoyant force and SPH2O = Specific gravity of
water (considered constant at 62.4 lb per cubic
foot).

Multiply V by v, and then multiply by 62.4 in order

to get the value for the buoyant force, expressed
in pounds. Consider the following example of a 2-
foot by 2-foot by 2 foot cube to be submersed 25
percent of the way in water. V = 2_2_2 = 8 cubic
feet v = 25% = 0.25 SPH2O = 62.4 pounds per
cubic foot FB = 8 *0.25 * 62.4 = 124.8 pounds

That's how you calculate buoyant force, and it

helps illustrate how those large ships made of
steel can float. That's quite a bit of force needed
to push that 2 foot cube just one fourth of the
way in the water!

Tip
For laymen's calculations, the specific weight
of water can be assumed to be 62.4 pounds
per cubic foot, as this value does not vary
significantly in normal temperature ranges.

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References
What is the formula used to calculate
buoyant force?

About the Author

Anthony Smith began writing for
Demand Studios in May of 2009
and has since written over 1400
articles for them. He also writes
for "The College Baseball
Newsletter." He attended the
University of New Mexico, and has
more than 25 years of experience
in the business world.

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