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Fibronlytic properties
MANIFESTATIONS:
Vascular tumor- giant cavernous
hemangioma
Thrombocytopenia
Bleeding diathesis
Associated with acute/ chronic DIC &
MAHA
*associated with intravascular coagulation
DEFECTS:
3. Ehlers- Danlos syndrome
Auto-immune vascular injury
MANIFESTATIONS:
Auto-immunity to vessel wall
Hyperextension skin components.
Hypermobility and laxity of joints Immunoglobulin ???- secretory IgA.;
Fragile tissues Vasculitis
Bleeding and subcutaneous hematoma
Easy bruising to arterial puncture LAB FINDINGS:
DEFECTS: Normal platelet count, tourniquet test,
bleeding time, coagulation
Defective collagen production
Increased ESR and WBC
Anemia
4. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
-fragmentation and mineralization of elastic fibers
2. Drug induced vascular purpura
5. Osteogenesis imperfecta -aspirin, warfarin, barbiturates, anti-biotics,
-defective collegen formation sulfonamides, diuretics, digoxin, methyldopa,
iodides.
6. Marfan syndrome -petechiae to petechial.
-decreased strength and elasticity of blood vessels.
3. Paraproteinemia
ACQUIRED VASCULAR DISORDER -excess production of plasma cell
-present in myeloma patients
Acquired Vascular Purpura
PLATELETS
Numerical Characteristics
LAB FINDINGS: Size: 2-4 um
Increased capillary fragility. Giant platelets: 6um & above
MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): 8-10 fl
6. Scurvy Life span (BM to circulation): 8-12 days
-insufficient dietary intake of Vit. C Reference Range: 150-400 x 109/L or 150-450 x
-decrease collagen synthesis
-weakening of capillary veins 109/L
-purpuric lesions. Present in the circulation: 2/3, slpeen: 1/3
7. Corticosteroid Purpura & Cushing’s Disease (unused platelets are stored in the spleen)
MEGAKARYOPOIESIS
Morphology
-small anucleated cytoplasmic fragments of
megakaryocytes.
-Gray-blue with purple granules in Wright’s stain
Giant Platelets
-premature release & increased demand
-may result to false increase in RBC
Immature Platelets
-Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (M7)
MEGAKARYOCYTE
PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS
THROMBOPOIESIS
-platelet shedding 1. Adhesion
-thrombocytopoiesis
2. Platelet activation
-granules(substances that are preapred to be
released by platelets.)
PLATELET STRUCTURE
1. Chromere/ granulomere
-located centrally and is granular
2. Hyalomere (non-granular platelet)
5. Fibrin stabilization -surrounds the chromere and is nongranular
-FX III (Fibrin stabilization factor) or clear to light blue.
-if bleeding stops FX III occurs
MEMBRANE SYSTEM
Zone and Component
OCS (Open Canalicular System)
1. Peripheral zone -surface connected canalicular system
2. Structural or Sol-gel zone- maintains the -route for endocytosis and for secretion
structure of the platelet. of α-granule contents.
3. Organelle zone- maintaints platelet function.
Dense Tubular System
4. Membrane zone- contains DTS and OCS -sequesters Ca2+
-bears series of enzyme for platelet
PERIPHERAL ZONE activation.
Plasma Membrane
- TO BE CONT’D KAY WALA KO KA ABOT -Phospholipase A2
COPY…. :( sad Control platelet
-Cyclooxygenase activation.
-Thromboxane synthetase
Eicosanoid synthetic pathway
Platelet Factor IV
-neutralizes heparin for neutrophils,
fibroblasts.
-supreses megakaryocytopoiesis
-weak chemoattractant
Platelet adhesion
White clot
-product: platelet clot
-present in primary hemostasis
-usually happens in the arteries
-related to cadio-vascular disorders
Platelet secretion