CENTROESCOLARUNI VERSITY(

CEU)
SCHOOLOFLAW &JURI SPRUDENCE
Buendi
a,MakatiCi
ty

TORTSANDDAMAGES
(
1stSemest
erSY2017-
2018)

COURSEOUTLI
NE

I
. CONCEPTOFTORTS;
HISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTOFPHI
LIPPI
NELAW ONTORTS

Sangco,pp.XXXIt
oXLV,
pp.1t
o10
Aquino,
pp.1to10

I
I. THECONCEPTOFQUASI
-DELI
CT

A. El
ement
s

Art
icle2176, CC
Barredov s.Garcia,73Phi
l607
El
canov s.Hil
l,
77SCRA98
Andamov s.IAC,191SCRA195
Tayagv s.Alcantara,98SCRA723

B. Di
sti
nct
ions

1. Quasi
-del
ictv.Del
ict

Arti
cle2177, CC
Arti
cle365, RPC
Cruzv s.CA, 282SCRA
Phil
ippineRabbi tvs.Peopl
e,GRNo.147703(
2004)
Peoplev s.Ligon,152SCRA419( 1987)
Aquino, pp24-26
I,pp.115- 120

2. Quasi
-del
ictv.Br
eachofcont
ract

Ar
ti
cles1170-1174,
CC
Ar
ti
cle1174,CC
Ar
ti
cle2178,CC

Cangcov s.Manil
aRai
lr
oad,
38Phi
l768
FarEastvs.CA,241SCRA671
PSBAv s.CA,205SCRA729
Aquino,pp.25-
26
I
II
. NEGLI
GENCE

A. ConceptofNegl
igence

1. Def
ini
ti
on;El
ement
s

Art
icl
e20, CC
Art
icl
e1173CC
Pi
cartvs.Smith,
37Phil
809
V.Tol
entino,
pp.506-
507

2. St
andar
dofConduct

2.
1. Or
dinar
ypr
udentper
son

ISangco,
pp.7-
8

2.
2 Speci
alCases

Chi
l
dren

Art
icle12,RPC&Compr ehensi
veJuv
eni
l
eJust
iceLaw
Taylorvs.ManilaRail
road,16Phil
8
DelRosar i
ovs.Mani l
a,57Phil478
Yl
ardev s.Aquino,163SCRA697
I
ISangco, pp.7-8

Exper
ts/
Prof
essi
onal
s

Art
icle2187,CC
Cul
ionv s.Phil
i
ppine,
GRNo.32611
USv s.Pineda,37Phi
l456

I
ntoxi
cat
ion

Wr
ightv
s.Mani
l
aEl
ect
ri
c,28Phi
l122

I
nsani
ty

Ar
ti
cles2180,
2182,
CC
USvs.Baggay
,20Phi
l142

B. Degr
eesofNegl
igence

Ar
ti
cle2231,CC
Mari
nduqevs.Wor
kmen’
s,99Phi
l48

C. Pr
oofofNegl
igence

1. Bur
denofpr
oof

Rul
e131,
Rul
esofCour
t(“
ROC”
)

2. Pr
esumpt
ion

2
 Ar
ti
cles2184-
2185,
2188,
1734-
1735,
CC

3. Resi
psal
oqui
tur

Lay
uganv s.I
AC, 167SCRA363
Ramosv s.CA,321SCRA584
DM Consunjiv
s.CA, 357SCRA249

D. Def
enses

1. Pl
aint
if
f’
sNegl
igence

Art
icle2179,CC
ManilaElect
ri
cv s.Remoqui
l
lo,99Phi
l117GRNo.L-
8328(
1956)
Bernardovs.Legaspi,
29Phil12

2. Cont
ri
but
oryNegl
igence

Art
icl
es2179, 2214,CC
Genobiagonv s.CA,178SCRA422
Rakesv s.At
lanti
c,GRNo1719(1907)

3. For
tui
tousEvent

Art
icle1174,CC
Juntil
lavs.Funt
anar,
136SCRA624
NationalPowervs.CA,GRNos.103442-
45(
1993)

4. Assumpt
ionofRi
sk

Afi
aldav
s.Hisole,
85Phil67
I
locosNort
ev s.CA,179SCRA5

5. Duedi
li
gence

Ramosv
s.Pepsi
,19SCRA289
Metr
oMani
lavs.CA,
223SCRA521

6. Pr
escr
ipt
ion

Kr
amerv
s.CA,
178SCRA518

7. Doubl
erecover
y

Ar
ti
cle2177,
CC

I
V. CAUSATI
ON

A. Pr
oxi
mat
eCause

1. Def
ini
ti
on

3
 Batacl
anvs.Medina,102Phil
181(L-
10126)(
1957)
PhoenixConst
ructi
onv s.I
AC,148SCA353(L-652095)(
1987)

2. Di
sti
ngui
shedf
rom ot
herki
nds

Remot
e

Gabetov
s.Ar
aneta,
42Phi
l252(15674)(
1921)
Urbanov
s.I
AC,157SCRA1(L-
72964)(1988)

Concur
rent

FarEastShippi
ngv
s.CA,297SCRA30(130068)(
1998)
Sabi
dov s.Cust
odi
o,L-
21512(
Aug31,1966)

3. Test
s

“
Butf
or”

Bat
acl
anv
s.Medi
na,
102Phi
l181,
supr
a

Subst
ant
ialFact
or

Phi
l
ippi
neRabbi
tvs.I
AC,
189SCRA158(
66102-
04)(
1990)

Causev
.Condi
ti
on

Phoeni
xv s.I
AC,supr
a
Rodri
guezavs.Manil
aRai
l
road,(
15688)(
Nov
ember19,
1921)

B. Ef
fi
cientI
nter
veni
ngCause

Teaguevs.Fer
nandez,
51SCRA181(L-
29745)(1973)
Urbanov
s.IAC,157SCRA1(L-
72964)(
1988),
supra

C. LastCl
earChance

Aquino, pp.311-329
Pi
cartv s.Smi th,
37Phil supr
809, a
Bustamant ev s.CA,193SCRA603( 89880)(1991)
Phoeni xvs.IAC,148SCA353( L-
652095)(1987),supra
Glanv s.IAC,GRNo.70493( May18, 1989)
Pantrancov s.Baesa,179SCRA384( 79050-51)(1989)
Consol i
datedBankv s.CA,GRNo138569( September11,2003)

V. LI
ABI
LITY

4
 A. PossessorofAni
mal
s

Art
icl
e2183,CC
Vesti
lvs.I
AC,179SCRA47

B. Thi
ngst
hrownorf
all
ingf
rom abui
ldi
ng

Ar
ti
cle2193,
CC

C. Deat
h/I
njur
iesi
nthecour
seofempl
oyment

Ar
ti
cle1711,CC cf1712
Af
ablevs.Si
ngerSewingMachi
ne,
58Phi
l39

D. St
ri
ctLi
abi
li
ty/
ProductLi
abi
li
ty
Bl
ack’
sLawDi
cti
onar
y,6thEdi
ti
on,
p.142

Art
icl
e2187,CC
Art
icl
es50–52, 97,99,106-
107,
ConsumerAct
Sec.11RA3720
Coca-col
avs.CA,227SCRA293
I
ISangco,pp.714-734

E. I
nter
fer
enceWi
thCont
ract
ualRel
ati
ons

Art
icle1314,CC
Gi
lchristv
s.Cuddy ,
29Phi l542
SoPingBunv s.CA,(120554)(
Sept
ember21,
1999)
Aquino,pp.795-801

F. Li
abi
li
tyofLocalGover
nmentUni
ts

Art
icl
e2189,CC
Gui
latcov
s.Cit
yofDagupan,
(61516)171SCRA382

G. Pr
esumpt
ionofNegl
igence

Ar
ti
cles2185,
2188,
2190t
o2193,
Civ
ilCode

VI
. PERSONSLI
ABLE

A. TheTor
tfeasor

Ar
ti
cles2176,2181,
2194,CC
Worcest
ervs.Ocampo,(
5932)22Phi
l42(
1912)

Art
icl
e2184, CC
Chapmanv s.Under
wood,(
9010)27Phil374(1914)
Caedovs.YuKheThai,G.
R.No.L-20392(Dec181968)

B. Vi
car
iousLi
abi
li
ty
Quasi
-t
ort–Bl
ack’
sLawDi
cti
onar
y,6thEdi
ti
on,
p.1489

Ar
ti
cle58PDNo.603

5
 Art
icl
es216,218-219,221,
236,
FC
Art
icl
es101-103,RPC
Sec.6,RA9344
Art
icl
es2180–2182, CC

1. Par
ent
s

Fuel
lasvs.Cadano, (L-
14409)3SCRA361( 1961)
Guti
err
ezv s.Gut
ierrez,(
34840)56Phi
l177( 1931)
Tamargov s.CA,(85044)209SCRA518( 1992)

2. Guar
dians

Ar
ti
cles216and218,Fami
l
yCode
Ar
ti
cles2180-
2181,
CC

3. Teacher
sandHeadsofI
nst
it
uti
ons

Arti
cles218-219,FC
Arti
cle2180, CC
Pali
socv s.Bril
l
antes,(L-
29025)41SCRA548( 1971)
Amador av s.CA,L-47745(April15,
1988)
Salvosavs.IAC, (
L-70458)166SCRA274( 1988)
PSBAv s.CA, 205( 84698)205SCRA729( 1992),supr
a
St.Mary’
sAcademyv s.Carpi
tanos,(
143363)(Feb62002)

4. Owner
sandManager
sofEst
abl
ishment
s

Phi
l
ippi
neRabbi
tvs.Phi
lAmer
ican,
(L-
25142)63SCRA231(
1975)

5. Empl
oyer
s

Cast
il
exvs.Vasquez,G.
R.No.132266(Dec21,
1999)
Li
ghtRai
lTransi
tvs.Navi
dad,(
145804)397SCRA75(2003)

6. St
ate

Mer r
itv
s.Gov ernment ,
(11154)34Phi l311(1916)
Rosetevs.Audi t
orGener al,(
L-1120)81Phil453(1948)
Fontani
ll
av s.Mal i
aman, (55963)194SCRA486( 1991)
DelosSant osv s.Inter
medi ateAppell
ateCourt,
G.R.Nos.L-
71998-
99
(June2, 1993)

Republ
icActNo.7160( 1991)
,Sec.22(a)
Art
icl
e2189,CC
Cit
yofManilavs.Teoti
co,(L-
23052)22SCRA267(
1968)
Republ
icvs.Pal
acio,23SCRA899

C. Ot
her
s

Ar
ti
cle1723,
CC

1. Pr
opr
iet
orsofBui
ldi
ngs

6
 Ar
ti
cles2190-2192,
CC

2. Empl
oyees

Ar
anet
avs.Joy
a,(
L-25172)57SCRA59(
1974)

3. Engi
neer
/Ar
chi
tect

D. Nat
ureofLi
abi
li
ty:Joi
ntorSol
idar
y?

Lanuzovs.Pi
ngandMendoza,
100SCRA205(
1980)
Malipol
vs.Tan,55SCRA202(1974)
Vil
uanvs.CA,17SCRA742

VI
I. TORTSWI
THI
NDEPENDENTCI
VILACTI
ON

A. Vi
olat
ionofCi
vi
landPol
it
icalRi
ght
s

Art
icl
e32,CC
Sangco,
pp.228-
255(
1993)

Del
fi
nLi
mv s.PoncedeLeon,G.R.No.L-
22554(
1975)
Aber
cavs.Ver
,G.R.No.L-
69866(1988)
MHPGarmentsvs.CA,236SCRA227

B. Def
amat
ion,
Fraud,
Physi
calI
njur
ies

Ar
ti
cle33,CC
Ar
ti
cles353-359,RPC
Marci
avs.CA, 205Phil
147
Madejavs.Caro,211Phil469
Ar
afil
esvs.PhilJour
nali
sts,GRNo135306(
2004)

1. Def
amat
ion

MVRSv
s.I
slami
c,GRNo135306,
396SCRA210(
Januar
y28,
2003)

2. Fr
aud

Sal
tav
s.DeVey
ra,
202Phi
l527

3. Phy
sical
Inj
uri
es

Capunov s.PepsiCola,
G.R.No.L-19331(1965)
Corpusvs.Paje,G.R.No.L-
26737( 1969)
Dul
ayv s.CA,GRNo108017( 1995)

C. Negl
ectofDut
y

Ar
ti
cle34,
CC

7
 D. Act
ionf
ordamageswher
enoi
nindependentci
vi
lact
ioni
spr
ovi
ded

Ar
ti
cle35,
CC

VI
II
. I
NTENTI
ONALTORTS

A. AbuseofRi
ght
s

Arti
cle19,CC
Velayovs.Shell,100Phi l
186
GlobeMackayv s.CA, 176SCRA778
Al
bensonv s.CA, G.R.No.88694.Januar
y11,1993.
Amonoyv s.Guti
er r
ez,351SCRA731
UEv s.Jader,325SCRA804GRNo132344( 2000)

B. Act
scont
rabonusmor
es

Ar
ti
cle21,
CC

1. El
ement
s

Rui
zvs.Secr
etar
y,GRNo.L-
15526(
1963)

2. Exampl
es

a. Br
eachofpr
omi
set
omar
ry,
Seduct
ionandSexualAssaul
t

Wassmerv s.Velez,12SCRA648
Tanjancovs.Santos,GRNoL-18630(
1966)
Quimigui
ngv s.I
cao, 34SCRA132
Pevs.Pe,GRNo.L- 17396(1962)

b. Mal
i
ciouspr
osecut
ion

Art
icle2219,CC
Aquino,pp.384-391
Laov s.CA,325SCRA694
Quev s.IAC,169SCRA137
Dri
l
onv s.CA,270SCRA211ok

c. Publ
i
cHumi
l
iat
ion

Patri
ci
ovs.Levi
ste,G.
R.No.51832(1989)
GrandUni
onv s.Espi
no,G.
R.No.L-48250(
1979)

d. Unj
ustDi
smi
ssal

Si
ngapor
eAir
li
nesvs.Paño,
122SCRA671( 1983)
Medi
navs.Cast
ro-
Bart
olome,G.
R.No.L-
59825(1982)116SCRA597

I
X. OTHERTORTS

8
 A. Der
eli
cti
onofDut
y

Ar
ti
cle27,CC
Amarovs.Samangui
t,L-
14986Jul
y31,
1962

B. Unf
airCompet
it
ion

Ar
ti
cle28,
CC

C. Vi
olat
ionofHumanDi
gni
tyandPr
ivacy

Art
icl
e26,CC
StLoui
svs.CA,GRNo.L-
46061(1984),133SCRA179(
Nov ember14,
1984)
Concepci
onvs.CA,
GRNo.120706( 2000),
324SCRA85(Januar
y31,2000)
X. DAMAGES

A. Def
ini
ti
onandConcept

Aqui
no,pp.842-843
Peoplevs.Ball
ester
os,
285SCRA438
Custodi
ov s.CA,253SCRA483

Art
icles2195,2197,CC
HeirsofBorladovs.CA,G.
R.114118(2001)
,363SCRA753
Lazatinvs.Twano,2SCRA842( 1961)

Damnum AbsqueInj
uri
a
Aqui
no,
pp.843-845
Boar
dofLiqui
dator
svs.Hei
rsofKal
aw,
20SCRA987

B. Ki
ndsofDamages

1. Act
ual
orCompensat
ory

Ar
ti
cles2216,2199,2200,
205,CC
Al
garravs.Sandej
as,27Phil
284

a. Ki
nds

PNOCv s.CA,
297SCRA402
I
ntegr
atedPacki
ngvs.CA,
333SCRA170

b. Ext
ent

Ar
ti
cl
es2201-
2202,
CC

c. Cer
tai
nty

DBPvs.CA,GRNo.118367(
1998)
Fuent
esvs.
CA,323Phil
508(1996)

d. Damaget
opr
oper
ty

PNOCv
s.CA,
supr
a

9
 e. Per
sonalI
njur
yandDeat
h

Art
icl
e2206, CC
Ramosv s.CA,G.R.No.124354(
1999)
,380SCRA467(
Apr
il11,
2002)
Gatchal
i
anv s.Deli
m,203SCRA126

f
. At
tor
ney’
sFees

Art
icl
e2208,
CC
Qui
rantev
s.I
AC,G.
R.No.73886,
169SCRA769(
Januar
y31,
1989)

g. I
nter
est

Ar
ticl
es2209-
2213,CC
Cr
isminaGarment
sv s.CA,
G.R.No.128721,
304SCRA356(
March9,
1999)

h. Mi
ti
gat
ionofLi
abi
l
ity

Art
icles2203-
2204,
2214,
2215
Cerranovs.Tan,
38Phi
l392

2. Mor
al

a. Concept

Ar
ti
cle2217,CC
Ki
erul
fvs.CA,269SCRA433

b. Pr
oofandPr
oxi
mat
eCause

Miranda-
Ribay avs.Carbonel
l,
95SCRA672
DelRosariovs.CA, 267SCRA58
Raagasv s.Traya,22SCRA839
Enervi
dav s.delaTorre,55SCRA339
Peoplevs.Bugay ong,GR.No126518,299SCRA528(
Dec.2,
1998)

c. Caseswher
eal
l
owed

Arti
cles2219-2220,CC
Franciscovs.GSIS,7SCRA577
ExpertTravelvs.CA,G.
R.No.130030(
1999)

i
. Unf
oundedSui
ts

Mij
aresvs.CA,271SCRA558
DelaPenav s.CA,231SCRA456
Cometavs.CA, 301SCRA459

i
i
. LaborCases

Tr
ipl
eEi
ghtv
s.NLRC,
299SCRA608

i
i
i. Taki
ngofLi
fe

10
 Peoplev
s.Pir
ame,327SCRA(2000)
Carl
osArconayMobanvs.CA,
GRNo134784,
393SCRA524
(
Dec.9,
2002)
d. Fact
orsi
ndet
ermi
ningamount

Ful
ev s.CA, 286SCRA698
Phil
i
ppineAi rl
inesv
s.CA,275SCRA621
Lopezv s.PanAmer i
can,
16SCRA431

e. Whomayr
ecover

St
rebelv
s.Figuer
os,96Phil321
ABS-CBNvs.CA,G.R.No.128690,301SCRA572( Jan.21,1999)
Nati
onalPowervs.Phi
li
ppBr ot
her
s,G.R.No126204,369SCRA629
(Nov .20,
2001)
3. Nomi
nal

Art
icles2221-2223,CC
Ventanil
l
av s.Centeno,
1SCRA215
Peoplevs.Gopio,346SCRA408

4. Temper
ate

Art
icl
es2224-2225,CC
Pl
enov s.CA,G.
R.No.56505(
1988)
Peopl
ev s.Si
ngh,360SCRA404
Peopl
ev s.Pl
azo,350SCRA433,
161SCRA208(
May9,
1988)

5. Li
qui
dat
ed

Art
icl
es2226-
2228,CC
6. Exemplar
yorCorr
ecti
ve

Art
icl
es2229- 2235,
CC
PNBv s.CA,256SCRA44
DelRosari
ov s.CA,267SCRA158

TEXTBOOKSANDREFERENCES

AQUI
NO,
T.A.
,Tor
tsAndDamages2ndEdi
ti
on,
2005.

CASI
S, AnAnal
ROMMEL, ysi
sofPhi
l
ippi
neLawandJur
ispr
udenceonTor
tsandQuasi
-del
i
cts,
Quezon
Ci
ty,
Uni
ver
sit
yoft
hePhi
l
ippi
nesCol
l
egeofLaw(
2012)

CESARJ.Phi
SANGCO, l
ippi
neLawonTor
tsandDamages,
Rev.Ed.
,QuezonCi
ty,
JMCPr
ess
Vol
.1(
1993)
,Vol
.II(
1994)

TOLENTI
NO, Comment
ARTURO, ari
esandJur
ispr
udenceont
heCi
vi
lCodeoft
hePhi
l
ippi
nes
Vol
s.I
,I
VandV,
QuezonCi
ty

CI
VILCODEOFTHEPHI
LIPPI
NES(
CC)

FAMI
LYCODE(
FC)

11
REVI
SEDPENALCODE(
RPC)

12