BANANA FIBER REINFORCED

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

INSTRUCTED BY: A PRESENTATION BY:

DR. HARPREET SINGH SAJEED MAHAB0OB
IIT ROPAR 2011ME1111
INTRODUCTION

• The natural fibers are renewable, non-abrasive, bio-degradable, possess a good calorific value, exhibit
excellent mechanical properties and are inexpensive.
• This good environmental friendly feature makes the materials very popular in engineering markets
such as the automotive and construction industry.
• The banana fibers are waste product of banana cultivation, therefore without any additional cost
these fibers can be obtained for industrial purposes.

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BANANA FIBER

• Banana plant not only gives the delicious fruit but it also provides textile fiber, the banana
fiber.
• It grows easily as it sets out young shoots and is most commonly found in hot tropical
climates.
• All varieties of banana plants have fibers in abundance.
• These fibers are obtained after the fruit is harvested and fall in the group of bast fibers.
• This plant has long been a good source for high quality textiles in many parts of the world,
especially in Japan and Nepal.

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PROPERTIES OF BANANA FIBER

• Banana fiber is similar to that of bamboo fiber, but its fineness and spin ability is better.
• The chemical composition of banana fiber is cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
• It is highly strong fiber.
• It has smaller elongation.
• It has got shiny appearance depending upon the extraction & spinning process.
• It is light weight.
• It absorbs as well as releases moisture very fast.
• It is bio- degradable and has no negative effect on environment and thus can be categorized as eco-
friendly fiber.
• It can be spun through almost all the methods of spinning including ring spinning, open-end spinning,
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bast fiber spinning, and semi-worsted spinning among others.

TYPES OF COMPOSITES

• Composite building materials such as cements, concrete.

• Reinforced plastics such as fiber reinforced polymer.
• Metal composites.
• Ceramic composites (composite ceramic and metal matrices).
• Synthetic composites: composite materials made of artificially produced materials.
Examples: Glass reinforced plastic, Thermo-plastic composites.

• NATURAL COMPOSITES

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NATURAL COMPOSITES

• Natural fibers are classified on the basis of the origin of their source, into following three
types.
• 1. Animal fibers
• 2. Mineral fibers

• 3. PLANT FIBERS

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PLANT FIBERS

• Plant fibers are usually consists of cellulose: examples cotton, jute, bamboo, flax, ramie,
hemp, coir and sisal. Cellulose fibers are used in various applications.

1. Silk fibers (Kapok and cotton)

2. Fruit fibers (Banana and coconut)
3. Stalk fibers (Rice, bamboos, wheat)
4. Leaf fibers (Agave and sisal)
5. Skin fibers (Obtained from the skin of the stems)

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MINERAL FIBERS AND ANIMAL FIBERS

• Mineral fibers are those which are extracted from minerals. These are naturally happening
fiber or somewhat changed fibers.

• Animal fiber by and large comprises of proteins; cases, silk, alpaca, mohair, downy. Animal
hair are the strands got from creatures e.g. Sheep's downy, goat hair, horse hair, alpaca hair,
and so on.

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COMPOSITION OF FEW COMMONLY USED NATURAL FIBERS

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METHOD OF PREPARATION

• Required materials are:

• Banana fiber
• Resin (Polyester, can be used many)
• Hardener (methyl ethyl ketone
peroxide, many
others can be used as hardener)
• Filler (silicon powder, many other type
of
fillers can be used)
• Releasing agent

Resin Hardener Filler

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STEPS INVOLVED

• The banana fiber is obtained from banana plant.

• The extracted banana fiber firstly sun dried and then dried in oven to remove water content
present in the fiber.
• Then banana fiber of different length is mixed with matrix mixture with their respective
values by simple mechanical stirring and mixture are slowly poured in different moulds.
• Releasing agent is used on mould sheet which gives ease to removal of composite from the
mould.
• After pouring in to the mould it is heated to 30°C for approximately 24 hours.
• A constant load is applied on to the mould.
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• After curing is done, the specimen is taken out from the mould.
COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS

• Resin-60%
• Hardener -10%
• Filler- 30%

Fabricated banana fiber reinforced composite

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INFLUENCE OF FIBER PARAMETERS ON TENSILE STRENGTH

• The mechanical behavior

of the banana fiber based
epoxy composites
depends on fiber
parameters
• The tensile strength of
banana fiber reinforced
composites increases
with increase in fiber
length and loading.

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INFLUENCE OF FIBER PARAMETERS ON FLEXURAL STRENGTH

• When fiber length increases the flexural

strength of the fabricated composites
first increases up to 10 mm length and
then decreases.
• When fiber loading increase then flexural
strength increase up to fiber loading 15%
then decreases.
• The maximum flexural strength is
observed when fiber length is 10 mm and
loading is 15%.
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INFLUENCE OF FIBER PARAMETER ON IMPACT STRENGTH

• The impact energy is

increases with increase in
fiber length. It also show that
the impact energy increases
with increases in fiber
loading.
• The maximum impact energy
absorbed by the material 15
mm length of fiber and 20%
fiber content. 15
INFLUENCE OF FIBER PARAMETERS ON HARDNESS

• The hardness value increases

with increase in fiber length
and it is maximum at 10 mm
fiber length.
• However, with increase of
fiber loading hardness value
increases up to fiber loading
15% then the hardness value
decreases.

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USES

• Automobile industries
• Banana fiber composite wall
• Floor topping of houses
• Window application
• Construction industries

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REFERENCES

• Kulkarni A. G., Rohatgi P. K., Satyanarayana K. G., Sukumaran K., Pillai S. G. K., Fabrication and Properties of Natural Fiber-
Reinforced Polyester Composites, Composites, 17 (1986), pp. 329-333.
• Merlini C., Soldi V. , Barra G. M. O., Influence of Fiber Surface Treatment and Length on Physico-Chemical Properties of Short
Random Banana Fiber-Reinforced Castor Oil Polyurethane Composites, Polymer Testing, 30 (2011), pp. 833–840.
• Dhieb H., Buijnsters J. G., Eddoumy F., Vázquez L., Celis J.P., Surface and Sub-SurfaceDegradation of Unidirectional Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites Under Dry and Wet Reciprocating Sliding, Composites Part A: Applied Science and
Manufacturing, 55 (2013), pp. 53–62.
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705814033517
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249356546_Banana_Fiber_Reinforced_Polymer_Composites_-_A_Review
• Wikipedia.org
• Google images
• Google search

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