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1 Figure 1a is a cross-sectional structure of the leaves.

Leaves are the main photosynthetic


organs of most plants green. Figure 1b shows schematically the mechanism of
photosynthesis.
Rajah 1a adalah struktur keratan rentas daun.Daun merupakan organ fotosintesis yang
utama bagi kebanyakan tumbuhan hijau. Rajah 1b menunjukkan skema mekanisma
fotosintesis.

Rajah 1a /figure 1a

matahari
Tindakbalas cahaya
/ air

matahari
Proses K matahari
Atom hydrogen /
/ Proses L
Karbon dioksida
/ Z dan air
Rajah 1 b/figure 1b

(a) (i) Explain how the feature adaptation of the leaf lamina to increase the absorption of light
energy?
Terangkan bagaimana ciri penyesuaian lamina daun dapat meningkatkan penyerapan
tenaga cahaya?

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[1 markah]
Based on Figure 1a, explain how the structure of the leaves are adapted to enhance the
(ii) process of photosynthesis.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1a, terangkan bagaimana struktur daun beradaptasi untuk meningkatkan
proses fotosintesis.

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[2 markah]

Water is a raw material of photosynthesis. Explain how capillary action of the xylem in water
(b) transportation to the leaves to allow the K occur.
Air adalah bahan mentah fotosintesis.Terangkan bagaimana tindakan kapilari xylem dalam
pengangkutan air ke daun untuk membolehkan proses K berlaku.
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[2 markah]

Based on Figure 1b, explain the role of sunlight in the K.


(c) Berdasarkan Rajah 1b, terangkan peranan cahaya matahari dalam proses K.

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[2 markah]

Explain how the process L can produce Z


(d) Terangkan bagaimana proses L dapat menghasilkan bahan Z

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[2 markah]

Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda tentang bahan Z . Cadangkan bagaimana penaman tumbuhan


(e) berkayu boleh membantu mengurangkan kesan pemanasan global.
Based on your knowledge of the material Z. Suggest how you can help reduce the effects of
global warming.
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[3 markah]
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the cross section of leaf of a plant, which lives at a sandy
beach facing the sea.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun sepohon pokok yang tumbuh di
pantai berpasir menghala ke laut.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Label cell P and layer Q in the spaces provided in Diagram 2.1.
(a)
Labelkan sel P dan lapisan Q pada ruangan yang disediakan pada Rajah 2.1.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

The petiole of the leaf is immersed in an eosin solution, a red colouring.


(b)
Tangkai daun direndam dalam larutan eosin, iaitu satu pewarna merah.
(i)
In Diagram 5.1, label the tissue which is coloured red with an arrow and a
letter ‘R’.
Pada Rajah 5.1, labelkan tisu yang akan diwarnakan merah dengan
mengunakan satu anak panah dan huruf ‘R’.

Explain why the tissue is coloured red.


(ii)
Terangkan mengapa tisu ini diwarnakan merah.
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[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Based on Diagram 2.1, state two adaptations on the structure of the leaf in
(c) reducing the loss of water efficiently.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, nyatakan dua penyesuaian pada struktur daun
dalam mengurangkan kehilangan air dengan cekap.

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[2 marks]
[2 markah]

High tide and muddy ground pose a problem for the root to obtain oxygen.
(d) Explain how this plant overcomes the problem.
Air pasang dan tanah berlumpur menyukarkan akar memperoleh oksigen.
Terangkan bagaiman tumbuhan ini mengatasi masalah tersebut.

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[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Diagram 2.2 shows a cycle of two major processes that occurs in organelles
(e) S and T in a plant cell.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkah kitaran bagi dua proses utama yang berlaku dalam
organel S dan T dalam sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2
State two differences between the processes that occur in organelle S
(i) and organelle T.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara proses yang berlaku dalam organel S
dan organel T.

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[2 marks]
[2 markah]

If the rate of activity in organelle T exceeds that in organelle S for a long


(ii) period of time, state the effect to the plant and to the environment.
Jika kadar aktiviti dalam organel T melebihi yang berlaku dalam organel S
dalam satu jangka masa yang lama, nyatakan kesannya ke atas
tumbuhan tersebut dan alam sekitar.

Effect to the plant / Kesan ke atas tumbuhan :


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Effect to the environment / Kesan ke atas alam sekitar :


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[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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