ME 3022

Section 5 – Fluid Machinery

BSc Engineering , Semester 5
Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Moratuwa

Dr. Chathura Ranasinghe

FLUID MACHINERY

Contents
• Part A: Classification of fluid machinery
• Part B: Performance characteristics

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FLUID MACHINERY

Introduction
A fluid machine is

A device in which mechanical energy is transferred from the fluid

flowing through the machine to its operating member or vice
versa.
Mechanical  Fluid (liquids)

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FLUID MACHINERY

Introduction
A fluid machine is

A fluid machine is a device in which mechanical energy is

transferred from the fluid flowing through the machine to its
operating member or vice versa.
Mechanical  Fluid (gas)

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FLUID MACHINERY

Introduction
A fluid machine is

A fluid machine is a device in which mechanical energy is

transferred from the fluid flowing through the machine to its
operating member or vice versa.
Fluid (gas/liquids)  Mechanical power

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of fluid machinery based on

Type of the operating member
• Piston
• Vane Principle of operation
• Screw • Positive displacement
• Diaphragm • Rotordynamic
• Lobe

Based on direction of the flow

• Radial flow
• Axial flow
• Mixed flow
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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Piston pumps

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Piston pumps

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Piston pumps-Axial

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Piston pumps-Axial

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Piston pumps-Axial

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Plunger pumps-Axial

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Diesel injection pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Diaphragm pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Diaphragm pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Vane pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Vane pump – Diesel injection

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Gear pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Gear pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Gear pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Gear pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Lobe pump

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Screw pump

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Screw pump

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Classification of Pumps
Positive displacement- Peristaltic

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Classification of fluid machinery

Positive displacement pumps
• Operation is due to change (or displacement) of the volume
occupied by the fluid within the machine
• Hydrodynamic effects may exist, the operation depends only
on mechanical and hydrostatic principles
• Energy is periodically added by application of force to one or
more movable parts of the pump

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of fluid machinery

Positive displacement pumps
• Pressure developed by the pump is determined by the load
• principal advantage of this type is its ability to deliver a
constant volume of liquid per cycle against a varying
discharge head
• However the flow is intermittent or fluctuating

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Classification of fluid machinery

Rotordynamic pumps
• All rotordynamic pups have a rotating element called
impeller driven by an engine or a motor
• The flow is governed by the hydrodynamic action
• Continuous high speed rotation of the impeller adds kinetic
energy to the fluid

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• They are the most common type of rotordynamic pumps
• It has a rotating impeller within a casing
• Flow enters axially through the eye of the pump

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• Fluid is whirled tangentially and radially due to the
centrifugal force acting on the fluid
• Due to the increasing cross sectional area, fluid losses kinetic
energy and gains pressure
• The volute shape of the pump housing also further increases
the pressure before it leaves the pump outlet
• Usually, needs priming

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• Different types of impellers

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• Different types of impellers

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FLUID MACHINERY

Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• Different types of impellers

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps
• Radial flow pumps are used for high heads and relatively low
flow rate applications
• Axial flow pups are used for high flow rates with low heads
• Mixed flow pumps operate between these two extremes

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps – Double suction

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps - Multistage

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps – Submersible

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps – Other features

• Double volute pump minimizes the

load on bearings & shaft due to
unbalanced pressure distribution
around the impeller

• Holes in the impeller balance the

pressure in both sides of the
impeller

• Self priming pumps

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps – Surface mounted

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Classification of fluid machinery

Centrifugal pumps – Below Surface (sump)

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Classification of fluid machinery

Special effect pumps
• Jet pumps

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Classification of fluid machinery

Special effect pumps
• Gas lift pumps

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Classification of fluid machinery

Special effect pumps
• Ram pumps

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