some tired by mass struggles

wanted to participate in provc. council elec.

debates within congress argue for reforms

wanted to fight within the provincial councils
demonstrate that the councils were not democratic

Intro formation of swaraj party

Was to suggest changes in the const. system of India

1928-Simon commission arrival Did not have any Indian member

was greeted with " GO BACK SIMON "

11 Demands of general interest

31 Jan 1930- Letter to Irwin from Gandhi
If not fulfilled by 11 Mar Civil Dis. was to be launched

Want abolition of salt tax

Huge expenses Intro
Was against govt. monopoly over salt production
No-end to sufferings even after WW Resulted in
Gandhi accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers
Hopes on new leader
240 miles march
Income tax intro.
from Gandhi's ashram in sabarmati
Custom tax raised Common man 11 Mar-begin
First WW to Dandi, Gujrat
Prices increased
walked for 24 days, 10 miles each day
Forced recruitement Soldiers
6 Apr-violated salt law
Acute shortage Crops failed
Nature Violation of colonial laws
Famines Epidemics
manufacture of salt and demonstration infront of govt. salt
Novel method of mass agitation factories
Define
Emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth foreign cloth boycotted
Other actions
S.A background Liquur shops picketed
Satyagraha
fight (oppresive plantation system). Peasants 1916 -Champaran, Bihar Violation of forest laws

Relaxation of revenue Peasants 1917 - Kheda, Gujarat India Refusal to pay revenue

Cotton Mill workers 1918 - Ahmedabad Village officials resigned

Govt Powers Act arrest of Congress leaders

Suggestions Salt march police posts

Strikes in rly work municipal buildings

Brit. action
People attacked
Shops closed People Actions lawcourts

rallies railway stations

Arrest of Gandhi
comm. disruption Fear peaceful satyagrahis attacked

arrested Local leaders Brit. action women and children beaten

Preventive
no-entry in delhi Gandhi 100,000 arrested

Attacks on banks, posts, railwys Apr 10 - Fired on peaceful procession (Amritsar) Call-off
Brit Action
General Dyer Martial Law imposed Gandhi concsented to partcpt. in London Round Table conf.

Baisakhi fair 5 Mar 1931- Gandhi-Irwin Pact govt. agreed to release pol. prisoners

Satyagrahis 1919 - Rowlatt Dec 1931- Gandhi went to attend the conf.
Produce moral effect
feeling of terror 13 Apr - Jallianwala bagh Force First WW, Khilafat, Non-cooperation some leaders were in jail
Dyer opened fire
killing 100s Congress declared illegal
Negotiations broke
Strikes, attacks on govt. buildings Resulted meetings
Civil Disobedience Movt.
nose rubbing measures to prevent demonstrations

flogged Brutal repression Boycotts

villages bombed Relaunch of Civil Disobedience Movt.

Voilence spreading enthusiastic participants

Call-off
Gandhi called-off movement struggled against high revenues

Cities and town Rich Peasants participated in boycott prgrammes

Limited
Muslims not invovled Dissappointed when the movt. was called off

Unite Hindu and muslim did no support the restarted movt.

Conclusion
ottoman turkey defeated wanted low revenue
Khilafat
rumours of harsh treaty wanted the unpaid rent to be remitted
Muslims Next steps
Defend powers 1919 - Khilafat committe Bombay joined radical movt.s
Poor Peasants
Support khilafat led by socialists & communists
1920 - Kolkatta session
Non-coop movement for khilafat and swaraj Congress did not will to support no-rent campaigns

Without coope Brit. rule would collapse Cause Hence, no strong relationship with Congress

surrender of govt. titles keen to expand business

civil services wanted protection against imports

Begin with
Courts Participants reaction wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio

Legis. Councils Business Classes formed IICC in 1920 & FICCI in 1927
boycott of
schools refused to trade on foreign goods
1921 - Non-coop
foreign goods wanted no restriction on business

army, police wanted trade and industry to flourish without constrains

Reluctant to boycott council elec. As industrialists stayed closer to congress, workers stayed
aloof
Feared violence Limits within congress

Gap between supporters & opponents Nationalism Indus. workers participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns

Compromise worked out

Dec 1920-Nagpur session
in India were against low wages and poor working conditions

Came out to listen to Gandhi

Non- coop. adopted
participated in protest marches

Swaraj meant diff. to diff people Intro manufactured salt

Women
resigned from govt schools boycotted foreign cloth

students left govt schools picketed liquor shops

lawyers gave up legal practices Began to see service to nation as a sacred duty of women

foreign cloths reserved seats in edu. inst.

demanded
council elec. (expt madras) Boycott separate electorate in leg. councils
Actions
foreign goods No Dalits formed Depressed Classes Association (1930)

Liquor shops picketed
to trade on forgn. goods
refusal of traders & merchants
to finance forgn. traders
use of Indian cloth only
Khadi cloth not affordable
students and teachers joined back No Indian institutions
lawyer too joined back
Gave dep. Classes resv. seats in prv.& cent. leg. councils but
Poona Pact (Sep, 1932) were to be voted by the gen. electorate
Limits
After decline of Khi. non-coop. mvt., felt alienated
Mov. in towns
Hindu-muslim clashes
No Muslims relations worsened
feared domination of Hindus
Limits
concerned about status

Peasants led by Baba Ramchandra

high rents
social boycott
Begar
no service to landlords
nai dhobi bandhs
houses of talukdar attacked
bazaars looted
grain hoards taken over
no taxes paid
claimed to have spcl. powers
making correct astro. predictions
healing people
could survive bullets Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
experience of united struggles
History and fiction
movt. against Came through
Folklore and songs
Awadh Popular print and symbols
First created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Image of Bharat Mata Ascetic figure
Sense of collective belonging calm, composed, divine, spiritual
actions
Red, green, yellow
Swadeshi flag 8 lotuses (repr. 8 provinces)
Differing strands
cresent moon ( repr. hindus & muslims)
Tri colour flag
Reble in countryside By 1921, by Gandhi
Swaraj flag Red, green, white
Spinning wheel (repr. self-help)

to wear khadi
persuaded people
give up drinking

wanted to use some force

Gudem Hills, AP
attacked police stations

attempts to kill brt. officers Actions

carried on guerrilla warfare

Raju captured
consequences
executed in 1924

want right to move freely in & out of the plantations

Intro
not allowed to leave the tea gardens 1859- Inland Emigration Act

defied authorities

left plantations Action

Swaraj in Plantations
headed home

stranded on the way

caught by police Result

brutally beaten

The movt. took violent turns

people had to be trained properly for mass struggles Call-off

Feb 1922 - Withdrowl of the non-coop. movt.