a.

) Risk
 Is the probability of an adverse outcome based on the exposure and potency of the
hazardous agent(s).

b.) Hazard
 Is the likelihood that injury will occur in a given situation or setting.

c.) Risk Management and Risk Assessment

 Risk Management is the process by which policy actions are chosen to control
hazards identified in the risk assessment/risk characterization stage.
 Risk Assessment is the systematic scientific evaluation of potential adverse health
effects resulting from human exposures to hazardous agents or situations.

d.) NOAEL
 “No Observed Adverse Effect Levels”- Highest dose at which there was no
observed toxic or adverse effect.

e.) UF/MF
 UF- “Uncertainty factor”- is set to enable risk assessment while avoiding
underestimation of the risk due to uncertainties so that risk assessment can be
done with a enough safety margin.
 MF- “Modifying factors”- allows risk assessors to use scientific judgement in
upgrading or downgrading the total uncertainty factor based on the reliability and
quality of the data.

f.) LOAEL
 “Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Levels”- Lowest dose at which there was an
observed toxic or adverse effect.

g.) TDIs
 “Tolerable Daily Intakes”- Describes intakes for chemicals that are not acceptable
but are tolerable as they are below levels thought to cause adverse health effects.

h.) POD
 “Point of Departure”- Is used to specify the estimated dose near the lower end of
the observed dose range, below which extrapolation to lower exposures is
necessary.

i.) BMD
 “Bench Mark Dose”- A dose or concentration that produces a predetermined
change in the response rate of an adverse effect.

j.) T
 “Threshold”- this represents the dose below which no additional increase in
response is observed.
k.) BMR
 “Bench Mark Response”- the predetermined change in response of an adverse
effect

l.) RfDs
 “Reference Doses”- an estimate of a daily dose to the human population that is
likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious health effects during a
lifetime.

m.) RfCs
 “Reference Concentrations”- an estimate of the chemical concentration that will
not cause noncarcinogenic effects during a specified exposure period.

n.) ADI
 “Acceptable Daily Intake Values”- the daily intake of chemical during an entire
lifetime, which appears to be without appreciable risk on the basis of all known
facts at that time.