Professional Documents
Culture Documents
e
AA CONSTRUCT: Aluminum Construction Manual
Document Name:
Aluminum Association
Standards Body:
Official Incorporator:
THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
WASHINGTON, D.C.
FOREWORD
Aluminum has been used for roofing , flashing and other sheet
metal applications in buildings for many years. As early as 1890,
aluminum sheet was used as roofing on the cupola of the Church
of St. Gioacchino in Rome, Italy and aluminum was also used for
cornices on the Canada Life Building and the Canadian National
Railways office building in Montreal , Canada at the turn of the
century. Many installations of long standing exist in the United
States including roofing and flashing on the Holy Ghost Church ,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, erected in 1930, and roofing on the
Mormon Tabernacle , Salt Lake City, Utah installed in 1947. Be-
cause of aluminum 's corrosion resistance and economy, this use
continues in both residential and nonresidential construction .
Prior to the publication of these Specifications in 1969, no com-
prehensive recommendations were available from the aluminum
industry to provide guidance on alloy and gage selection , design
and installation details, and the like. As a result , some differ-
ences were known to exist in requirements for aluminum sheet
metal work in the specifications of various government agencies,
in industry specifications, and in building codes and regula-
tions.
In an effort to fill this void and to provide a basis for uniformity,
these Specifications were prepared. Experiences of the past
were drawn on heavily and proven practices are described.
Constructive comments on this Second Edition , which super-
sedes all previous issues of these Specifications, will be wel-
comed .
September, 1971
Aluminum
Construction
Manual
Section 5
Second Edition
September, 1971
8
THE ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION
750 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY 10017
3
Properties and Characteristics
of Aluminum Sheet
poses. In coasta l areas, alum in um wi ll long outlast most other
metals and coated metals.
Workability
Aluminum is ductile and malleable and may be bent, formed ,
seamed or hammered in to almost any desi red shape. The ease
with wh ich alumin um may be handled , transported, bent, formed
or otherwise worked may resu lt in tang ible savings. This is par-
ticu larly so on large bui ld in gs and/ or where handli ng and trans-
portation are problems. Such savings may be effected not on ly
on the job but in the shops as wel l. Here, the light weight and
good form ability of alum inum perm it more work to be turned out
per day with less fatigue on the part of the workers.
Joining and seal ing
Mechan ica l seams and jOints for aluminum are the same as for
other sheet metals. Alum inum sheet is usuall y attached to the
substrate with alum in um nails or cleats. Rigid joints are ach ieved
through the use of double lock seams or rivet ing or, in some
cases, welding. Soldering aluminum is not recommended, but
since the tendency today is to avoid so ldering sheet meta l work
because of the many difficul ties involved w ith soldered joints,
this limitation is of little re levance . Synthetic or rubber based
sea lants are used where watertig htness cannot be achieved with
sta nd ard seams, such as in the S-Iock on top of an alumi num
cop in g cover (see page 27) or in a reg let (see pages 25 and 27).
Finishes for aluminum sheet
Mill finish aluminum sheet is generally used for roofing and flash-
ing appl ications and ca n be obtained plain or in a variety of em-
bossed patterns. Embossed sheet has been found to be useful
in minimizing oil cann ing and hand li ng marks. Decorative and
WHY USE ALUM INUM? protect ive finishes can also be app lied to aluminum sheet.
Why use aluminum for roofing and flashing app lic.at ions? Be-
Painted sheet is availab le in a w ide range of colors. This pre-
cause it is economica l, readily avai lable, easy to fabricate , highly
coated , baked enameled sheet can be cut, pierced, drilled and
resistant to corrosio n, can be left to weather in its natu ral state fo rmed without the finish separating from the base metal. Even
or may be painted or anod ized for decora~ ive. purposes. As a if the ename l film shou ld be broken or the metal exposed at a
pa in ted material, it has the advantage th ~t It wll.1 not .rust If t~e cut edge or dril led ho le, there is no danger of the film flaking or
protective pa int coating is broken ;. t~us , It. reqUl.res little ma.ln- staining, since there is no rust- li ke corrosion. Where prepainted
tenance . As an anod ized matenal, It IS ava il able In an a ttra.ct l ~e al umin um is marred by metalworking tools in the field , the
rang e of grey, black, bronze, gold ~nd amber co lors. Left In ItS scratches can be touched up with matching enamel. Mainte-
natural state it will weather to a uniform grey. nance of a painted alu minum roof is less crit ical than mainte-
This manual has been prepared to familiar ize arc hitects, con- nance of other pa inted metal roofs. The pa int serves main ly a
tractors , building officia ls and students .with wh~t co ns~itu tes decorative function, since alumin um is itself corrosion-resistant.
good practice in material selection.' design and. In stalla~lO n of Anodiz in g is one of the most impo rtant protect ive finishes for all
aluminum sheet metal work for roofing and flashing that IS cus- types of alu minum. However, since the surface fi lm may be
tom fabr icated for a spec ific job. It does not deal with products crazed by forming and cannot be touched up, as a painted sur-
or proprietary systems such as siding and roofing and roof-deck face can, its use is normally limited to preformed shapes that
systems. may be anodized subsequent to forming. Anod izing is basica lly
Corrosion resistance the artific ial thicke ning, by an electro lytic process, of the natural
One of alum inum 's most usefu l characteristics is its tendency oxide coating that forms on aluminum. Th e th ickened coating is
to deve lop an extremely thin, tough, invisible ox ide coating on much more resistant to corrosion and all kinds of abras ion than
its surface immedi ate ly on exposure to air. This oxide film , al - the thinner natural film. Ordinarily, anodized alum inum sheet will
though on ly 2 to 4 ten-mil li onths of an inch thick on fi rs t forming , be used with a clear anodized finish, but it can be impreg nated
is almost complete ly im permeable and high ly resistant to attack with a co lorant that produces a high ly weather-res istant gold.
by corroding atmospheres. The thickne~s of this f! lm increases Other colors su itable for exterior use, in c luding various shades of
with exposure time, but the rate of oX ide formation graduall y grey, bronze and amber, can be achieved by integral color ano-
decreases as the inc reas in g th ickness of the film adds further dizing of certain alum inu m alloys or by electro lyt ic deposition of
protect ion against corros ion . Where corrosion may be ~~us~d inorg an ic colorants. Anodic colors ach ieved with organic dyes
by co ntact with dissim il ar metals, measures such as specified In are not su itab le for exterior use.
section 3.2 of the specific at ions in c luded in this book may be For more detai led information on alu minum finishes , re fer to
taken . In urban and most industrial env ironments , alum inu m The Aluminum Association publ icat ion "Alu minum Fin ishes for
does not need painting or anodizing , except for decorative pur- Architecture."
4
ALUMINUM SHEET AllOYS AND TEMPERS
Definition of aluminum sheet
that have been work-hardened on
been partial ly annealed after work-
CCry, r7
vol . I
n
r
1 as
e-
what the degree of hardness. H3 it ,s
Aluminum sh eet is defined as a rolled product, rectangular in
to magnesium-containing alloys. T d
cross sect ion , having a thickness range of 0.006- through 0.249-
by H3 is called stabilization , as wit .nc",e
inch , with the edges sheared , slit or sawed within close lim its .
alloys tend to soften over a period u ume at room tempera-
It is available as flat sheet or in coiled form . If aluminum is
tures . The second dig it goes from 1 to 9, with 2, 4, 6 and 8
th inn er than 0.006 inches. it is known as foi l, while if it is thicker
indicating 114, 112 , 3,4 and fully hard (0 by itself denotes the fully
than 0.249 inches, it is called plate.
soft state) ; 9 is used for extra-hard tempers, and the odd num-
Using The Aluminum Association Alloy Designation System bers show intermediate values of tensile strength. The th ird
The alloy and temper generally used for sheet metal work is dig it, when added, indicates a slight variation in temper or
mechanical properties from the two-digit H temper designation
3003-H14. Acceptable alternate alloys are 1100. Alclad 3003,
3004, Alclad 3004, 3005, 3105, 5005, 5050 and 5052, usually in to which it is added.
the H14, H24 and H34 tempers. Where sheet is to be anodized , More information on aluminum alloys and tempers may be ob-
specific alloys must be employed to produce the desired ef- tained from The Aluminum Association publication " Aluminum
fects. The composition and tempers of wrought aluminum and Standards & Data."
wrought aluminum alloys are designated by a standard system
devised by The Aluminum Association and adopted by the TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINUM
American National Standards Institute (formerly the U.S.A. AllOYS AND TEMPERS MOST COMMONLY USED
Standards Institute) as ANSI H35.1. IN SHEET METAL WORK (FOR COMPARISON
The Aluminum Association system divides alum inum and its OF AllOYS, NOT FOR DESIGN)
alloys into eight groups, according to chemical composition :
Alloy Alloy and Tensile Strength-ksi Elongation-
Designations for Alloy Groups No. percent in 2 in .
Temper Ultimate Yield
5
~pecitications
1. SCOPE inches so as to shed water and sha ll be secured along the laps
These specifications shall apply to the proper use of al uminum w ith large fl at headed alum inum nails at 6 inch centers.
in roofing, fl as hing and oth er sheet metal work in building con-
2.3 Sealants.
struction. They are not intended to cover the deta ils or specifi-
cations of proprietary or pre-formed sheet metal systems or 2.3.1 ONE PART SYNTHETIC OR RUBBER-BASE SEALANTS
products , such as horizonta l siding, fasc ia and soffit systems, sha ll be those confo rm ing to Federa l Specification TT -S-230A (1 ).
curtain wall systems, corrugated or rib bed roo fing and siding, Use shall be in co nfo rmance w ith manufacturer's recommenda-
etc. tions.
2.3.2 TWO PART SYNTHET IC OR RUBBER-BASE SEALANTS
2. MATERIALS
sha ll be those confo rming to Federa l Spec ifications TT-S-
00227E (1) or ANSI A116.1 . Use shall be in co nfo rmance w ith
2.1 Aluminum Sheet manu facturer's recommendations .
2.1.1 A LLOY AND TEMPER of sheet shall be 3003-H14 unless
otherwise specified. Ac ce ptable alte rn ate alloys are 1100, alclad 2.4 Elastic Cement shall meet requirements of Fed eral Specifi-
3003, 3004, alclad 3004, 300S , 310S, SOOS, SOSO and SOS2, usually cation SS-C-153.
in the H1 4, H24 and H34 temper.
2.5 Fasteners.
Notes :
1. Alloy composition and mechanical properties shall conform 2.5.1 CLEATS shall be aluminum of the same alloy, tem per an d
to Aluminum Standards and Data published by Th e Aluminum thickn ess as th e sheet being app lied unless otherw ise spec ified.
Association. Cl eats shall not be less th an 2 inches wide and long enough to
2. Where severe forming is involved a softer temper may be
employed and where little forming is required a harder temper
may be used. Tab le 1 Minimum Nominal Sheet Thickness, Inches
3. Alclad sheet products provide extra protection against pitting
corrosion in severe industrial or in industrial-marine environ- Residential Non-Residential
ments . Roof ing
4. Other and/ or new aluminum sheet alloys and tempers may be Standing Seam 0.024 0.032
submitted to The Aluminum Association for approval. Batten Seam 0.024 0.032
Flashings
2.1.2 THICKNESS of sheet sha ll be sufficient for the intended
Base 0.019 " 0.032
spec ifica ti on, but in no case sha ll be less than the minimum
Cap 0.019 " 0.032
nomin al thickness listed in Tab le 1.
Rid ge , Hip 0.024 0.032
2.1.3 DIMENSIONAL TO LERANCES of sheet shall conform to Coping Covers 0.02 4 0.032
Aluminum Standards and Data published by The Aluminum Scuppers 0.024 0.032
Associ ation . Sp lash Pans 0.032 0.040
Ch imney 0.019 " 0.032
2.1.4 FINISH of sheet shall be "Mill Fin ish" unless otherwise Apron 0.024 0.032
specified. Sheet finishes shall conform to standards of The Head 0.019 " 0.032
Alum inum Assoc iation. Sill 0.019 " 0.032
Note : Curbs 0.024 0.032
Embossed, anodized and/o r painted sheet shall be accept- Thru-wa ll
able under this specificat ion provided it and /or they have the Linte l 0.024 0.032
necessary strength and form ability for the intended purposes. Spandrel 0.024 0.032
Sill 0.024 0.032
2.2 Bu ilding Paper or Roofi ng Felt used over non-vented or Parape ts 0.024 0.032
poorly vented spaces , where condensation may occur, sha ll be Gravel Stops & Fascia 0.024 0.032
vapor ba rrie rs conform ing to Federa l SpeCifications UU-B-790A , Edge Strips 0.024 0.032
Type I, Grade A ; HH-R-S90A, Type II , Class C or, alternately, Gutters
po lyethyl ene sheet not less than 4 mil s th ick conforming to Fed- Gutters 0.027 0.032
eral Spec ific ations L-P-378B or L-P-512A . Cleats, Contin uous 0.024 0.032
Hangers 0.064 0.080
Over we ll vented spaces, the bu ild ing paper or roofing fe lt shall
be water re pell ent, but not necessarily vapor proof, and shall Ra inwater Goods
Downspouts and Headers 0.019 0.032
con form to Fede ral Specifications UU -B-790A, Type I, Grade C
Leader Heads 0.02 4 0.032
or D; HH-R-S90A, Type II or HH -R-S9SB, Ty pe lo r II.
Clips 0.040 0.064
Note: 0.040 0.064
Straps
Some building papers and roofing felts conforming to the above 0.019 " 0.032
Valley
Federal Specifications may contain additives of heavy metals or 0.024 0.032
Snow, Eave
chemicals corrosive to aluminum and should be avo ided. 0.032
Expansion joint, build ing
For bu ilding papers or roofing felts , the minimum we ight shall be
15 lb. type. The underlayment shall be overlapped at least 2 • Preferred thickness is 0.024" .
6
be fully incorpo rated into th e seam with th e other end fol ded 2. Outdoors and indoors where moisture is present or conden-
back over th e nail heads. Th ey shall be fastened securely w ith sation may occur - galvanic corrosion between aluminum and:
two aluminum nail s pla ced para ll el to the sea m. (a) Iron and steel is very slow and can be prevented readily
by painting the iron or steel with a good quality exterior grade
2.5.2 NA ILS for fastenin g alum inum sheet metal work sha ll be primer and top coat or bituminous paint (Section 2.6).
made of aluminum alloys 6061 o r 5056 conforming to Federal
(b) Zinc is insignificant and even tends to protect the alumi-
Spe cification FF-N-105B , Type II , Style 20. num.
2.5.3 SCREWS , BOLTS AND NUTS. Screws and bolts shall be (c) Galvanized steel is insignificant. However, when the zinc
made of a lu minum all oys 6061-T6 or 2024-T4 except th at 2024-T4 is consumed, the steel will rust which may cause staining. In
alloy fas tene rs shall not be used in corrosive industri al and severe industrial environments this can happen in a relatively
marine environm ents . Nuts shall be made of alum inum al loys short time and the precautions in (a) should be followed.
6061-T6 or 6262-T9. Stainless stee l (300 se ri es) screws, bol ts (d) Cadmium plated stee l is insignificant. However, when the
and nuts sha ll be acceptable alternates . Washers sha ll be used cadm ium is consumed, the steel will rust which may cause stain-
beneath the heads to prevent tea rin g of the sheet or th e sheet ing. As the cadmium coating usually applied is very thin, this
tearing off ove r the sc rew o r bo lt heads. may happen in a relative ly short time in industrial environments
and the precautions in (a) should be followed .
2.5.4 WASHERS shal l be made from 1100-H18 all oy or from the (e) Stainless steel is insignificant.
same aluminum alloys as the sheet or fasteners being used . Th e (f) Monel is inSign ificant .
minimum thickness of the washers shall be 0.040 inch es. Wh ere
(g) Copper, brass and bronze will occur and, therefore, direct
weat hert ightness is required a rubbertype was her shal l be used
be neath the alu minum washer or faste ne r head.
contact of alum inum and these metals should be avoided. Drain-
age of water off these metals onto aluminum shou ld not be
2.5.5 EXPANSION INSERTS , plu gs, ancho rs and shiel ds shall be
permitted.
of wood, fibre, plastic, lead or al uminum an d shall be chosen (h) Lead is insignificant.
to s uit the env ironm ents of each particular app licat ion .
3. Highly corrosive environments - such as those on the sea-
2.5.6 RIVETS shall be alum inu m alloy 1100-H14 unl ess otherwise coast and around chem ica l plants, mine and mill complexes, re-
spec ifi ed . Th e rive ts shall have a minimum shank diameter of fineries, etc ., may promote ga lvanic corrosion even though
0.187 inc hes and sha ll be suffic iently long to form a proper head. aluminum by itself has good corrosion resistance. In these en-
Blind rivets may be used w here max imum watert ightness, vironments, advice should be sought from spec ialists who will
strength or corrosion res istance are not required . Acc eptab le be able to recommend appropriate precautionary measures.
bl in d rivets shall be 1100 sleeve, 5056 mandre l ; 5050 sleeve,
5056 mand rel ; 5052 sleeve, 5056 mandrel; 5052 sleeve, 7178 3.3 Wood Sheathing o r wood surfaces to be cove red with al umi-
man d rel and 5056 sleeve, 1020 stee l mand rel. Stainless stee l or num shal l be covered w ith building paper o r roofin g fel t (Section
Mone l blin d rivets are acceptab le altern ates . 2.2). Al te rn ately, the wood sh all be thoroughly painted with two
coats of unl eaded pa int or th e aluminum shall be back painted
2.6 Paint for backpainting shall be bituminous paint of the cut- (Sect ion 2.6).
back type conform ing to specification MIL-CA50 B (1) or TT-C- Notes:
494. Where appearance is a facto r methacrylate type lacquers 1. Kiln dried lumber, impregnated against decay is rec om-
conformin g to M IL-L-1 9537C (2) . mended for sheathin g, cant strips, coping blocks and fascia
boards . Satisfactory preservatives are coal tar creosote, co al tar
oil, ch lo rinated naphthalenes, zinc naphthenate, pentachlor-
3. PREPARATION OF SURFACES phenol (with or wi thout addition of zinc derivatives), tributyl tin
oxide, orthophenylphenol. Other preservatives may be used but
3.1 General. All surfaces upon w hich alum in um sheet is to be assurance shou ld be obtained from the manufacturer that they
placed shall be smooth , even and free of smal l projections and are not harmful to alum inum.
ho ll ows. The surface shall be dry before and during the placing
of the aluminum . For wood surfaces the lumbe r sha ll be of good 2. Aluminum paint, consisting of 2 Ibs. of alum inum paste pig-
quality, well seaso ned, stra ight and free of knothol es and splits. ment (ASTM Specification 0962-66, Type 2, Class B) per gallon
It sha ll be laid w ith all join ts t rue and eve n and firm ly attac hed of varnish meeting Federal Spec ification TT-V-81F, Type /I or
w ith all faste ner heads flush with the to p surface. On masonry equiva lent, is an excellent primer and paint fo r wood . However,
surfaces adequate provision sha ll be made for rece iving fast- any good qua li ty exterior type non-leaded paint may be used.
eners in accordance with the pl ans for sheet meta l work.
7
~peCITlcatlons
4. JOINING
4. 1 Mechanical Seams and Joints for aluminu m shall be
the
sa me as th ose used fo r other sheet metals. Lap and lock sea
ms
sha ll not be riveted or othe rwise fastened togethe r to rest
ric t
relati ve movement unless it is desired to transfe r su ch move-
ment to a d ifferent location .
8
Seams and Joints
9
Specifications
5. STANDING SEAM ROOFING 5.5 Standing Seams shall finish 1 inch high except on curved
surfaces where they may finish 3,4 inch. One side edge shall be
5.1 Roof Slopes to wh ich these specifications apply shall be not bent up 1V2 inches and the other 1314 inches. The first fo ld shall
less than 3 inches per foot. be a single fold V4 inch wide and the second fold shall be V2
Note : inch wide. The lock portion of the standing seam shall be five
Roof slopes less than 3 inches per foot require special precau- (5) plies in thickness. A space of not less than Va inch shail be
tions in design and in stallation . provided between adjacent pans at the bottom of each standing
seam . At eaves, ends of standing seams shall be closed by
folding over a tab provided at one side of each roof pan.
5.2 Building Paper or Roofing Felt. Roof surfaces shall be
covered with building paper or roofing felt (Section 2.2) .
5.6 Cleats (Section 2.5.1) shall be not less than 2 inches wide
and shall be spaced 12 inches apart in each standing seam . If
the roof deck is a material other than WOOd , nailers shall be
5.3 Roof Pans shall be formed of sheets not longer than 10 feet
provided for the securement of cleats (Section 2.5.1).
and no straight run of roofing shall exceed 30 feet. Sheet thick-
ness shall be 0.024 inch where width of pan between standing
seams does not exceed 20 inches or 0.032 inch where width of
pan between standing seams is from 20 to 26 inch es. To allow 5.7 Ridges and Hips shall be provided with standing seams con-
for expansion , pan w idth should be Va inch less than the center structed as for the main roof. Where stand in g seams of the main
to center spacing of standing seams. roof terminate at ridges or hips th ey sha ll be laid flat and folded
Notes: into ridge or hip standing seams. Standing seams on opposite
1. Standing seam roofing is best installed over wood decks side of ridges or hips should be staggered to avoid excessive
since the cleats used to secure the aluminum roofing are nailed thicknesses of metal in the ridge or hip standing seam.
directly to the deck. If decks other than wood are used, prop- Alternate methods of finishing hips and ridges sha ll be as shown
erly located nailers should be incorporated in the deck con- in the detai l drawings.
struction.
2. When standing seams are formed or finished in the field the
cleats become rigidly locked into the multiple folds of the seam;
slippage does not occur between standing seam roof pans and 5.8 Valleys shall be formed from aluminum sheets not exceed-
the cleats that are secured to the deck. With long runs of roofing ing 10 feet in length of the same gauge and alloy as used for the
(over 30 feet) expansion movement may eventually loos en the roof pans. Each sheet sha ll lap the lower one not less than 6
nails in the deck, placing the roof installation in an unsafe inch es in the d irection of flow. The valley sheet shall extend
condition . under the roof pans on both sides not less than 6 inches. At the
valley line adjacent to the lower edge of the roof pans, a :V4 inch
3. Where long runs of standing seam roofing are unavoidable , double fold shall be made to engage a 314 inch single fold at
expansion or slidin g cleats should be used where the length on
the lower ends of the roof pans. The outer edge of th e valley
either side of the center of the run exceeds 15 feet .
sheets shall be folded Y2 inch for cleating and in these folds
cleats shall be installed on 24 inch centers. Valley sheets shall
be nailed along top edge only.
5.4 Transverse Seams
5.4.1 FOR ROOF SLOPES 6 INCHES OR MORE PER FOOT the
lower end of each pan shall be folded under 314 inch. The fold
shal l be sl it 1 inch away from the corner to form a tab where 5.9 Eaves. At eaves, where no gutters occur, each pan shall be
the pan turns up to make a stand ing seam. The upper end of hooked 314 inch over a previously placed aluminum edge strip.
each pan shall be folded over 2 inches. The :V4 inch fold on the Edge strips shall be continuous and shall be formed from sheets
lower end of the upper pan is hooked into the 2 inch fold on the not longer than 10 feet ; ends of adjacent lengths shall lap at
upper end of the underlying pan. Alternate pans shall begi n at least 1 inch. The edge strip shall extend up on the roof deck at
the eaves with half length sheets, staggering transverse seams. least 4 inches and be secured with nails spaced not more than
4 inches apart along the uppe r edge. The lower edge shall be
5.4.2 FOR ROOF SLOPES 3 TO 6 INCHES PER FOOT the lower turned out 314 inch to form a drip. Face nailing of the edge strip
end of each pan shall be folded under 3/4 inch. The fold shall be shall not be permitted.
slit 1 inch away from the corner to form a tab where the pan
turns up to make the standing seam . The upper end of each pan
sha ll be folded over V2 inch. A 1 V2 inch wide locking strip the
full width of the pan sha ll be secured not less than 4 inches 5.10 Gable Rakes. Side edges of pans at gable rakes shall finish
be low the top folded edge by rivets spaced not more than 6 over an edge strip as described in Section 5.9 or, alternately,
inches apart. Th e 3/ 4 inch fold on the lower end of the pan shall turn up 1V2 inches and be locked into an alum inum fascia
shall hook into the locking strip of the underlying pan. Alter- strip forming a standing seam 1 inch high. Where the standing
nately, transverse seams may be made as specified in Section seam finishes at the roof edge, the lower edge of the fascia strip
5.4.1 and filling the seams with sealant (Section 2.3). Alternate shall be hooked 314 inch over a previously placed continuous
pans shall beg in at the eaves with half leng th sheets, staggering edge strip that is secured to the decking with alumin um nails
transve rse seams. spaced 4 inches apart.
10
Standing Seam Roofing
11
vpeCITlcallons
14
Apron Flashing
15
Specifications
8.3. Hip and Ridge Flashings shall be of the design shown on the
drawings. They shall be formed from sheets not longer than 10
feet; ends of adjacent lengths shall lap not less than 4 inches.
The fl ashing shall be fastened on both side flanges by aluminum
screws spaced on 24 inch centers. Screws shall be provided
w ith washers having neoprene gaskets under the heads.
9. VALLEYS
16
Hip, Ridge and Valley Flashing
17
Specifications
18
Gravel Stops and Fascias
19
Specifications
20
Base and Cap Flashing
21
Specifications
14. THRU-WALL FLASHING 14.4 Lintel Flashing. Where open ings occur in solid brick or
14.1 General. Thru-wa ll flashings shall be installed under para- ti le wall s, the fl ash ing sha ll extend the fu ll length of lintel. It
pet copings, for counter flashi ngs in parapets and in all rising sha ll extend through the wall one brick course above the struc-
masonry walls where roofs abut, over lintels of all exterior open- tural linte ls and one brick course above the outer lintel to within
ings, under window sills and stone· band courses, continuous V2 inch of the exterior face of masonry wall, or alternately, shall
over all spandrel beams and as elsewhere indicated on the be bent down to lap over the vertical leg of the outer lintel ang le
drawings. All flashings in exterior walls shall extend through the not less than two in ches. The back edge of the flashing shall
wall to within V2 inch of the exterior face and turn up 2 inches be bent up 2 inches against the interio r wall face.
on the interior wall face unless otherwise shown on the draw- Where the bottom of concrete spandre ls form the head of open -
ings. Flashings that form cap flashings shall turn down face of ings a reglet shall be install ed in the face of the spandrel the fu ll
wall 4 inches minimum and shall overlap the base flash ings not length of the lintel. The reg let shall be so placed that the bottom
less than 3 inches. Flashings over spandre l beams and li ntels edge of the receiv ing slot is 2V2 inches above the top edge of
and under band courses and sill s shall be installed as indicated the lin tel, or as detailed on the drawings. The flash ing shall be
on drawings and elsewhere specified. inserted the fu ll depth of the reg let and shall extend horizontally
All thru-wall flashing shall be set w ith a bed of mortar above through the mortar joint to within V2 inch of the exterior face
and below the flashing and shall be installed in strict accord - of masonry wall, or alternately, shall lap over the vertical leg of
ance with the plans and specifications. The flashing shall be the lintel not less than 2 inches.
factory formed to provide a mechanical bond in the mo rtar bed Where the front face of the steel spandrel beams are fireproofed
in all d irections. Samples shall be subm itted for approval and with brick masonry, the fl as hing shall extend the full length of
the roofing and sheet metal contractor shall be responsible for the lintel. The flash ing strip shall lap over the vertica l leg of the
its proper installation. lin tel not less than 2 inches and be bent to extend up onto the
Where alum inum flas hing is to be embedded in masonry walls web of the stee l spandre l not less than 2 inches. The joint be-
it shall first be coated with bitum inous paint or methacrylate tween the flashing and steel shall be sea led with elastic cement.
lacquer (Section 2.6). Alternate ly, pa inted sheet conforming to
Aluminum Assoc iation Standards for Painted Alum inum Sheet
may be used .
22
Thru-Wall Flashing at Spandrels,
Sills and Lintels
23
Specifications
24
Thru-Wall Flashing at Parapets and Walls
25
~peCITlcatlons
26
Coping Covers and Standing Seam Fascia
27
Specifications
17. MISCELLANEOUS 18.2 Outlet Tubes sha ll be of th e size and shape required to
17.1 Scupper Flashing sha ll cover the in terior of the opening fit the gu tter. Th ey shall be located as shown on the drawings,
provided in the wall and shall extend th ro ugh and project out- but at spac ings not more than 50 feet. Holes shall be provided
side the wa ll as shown on the drawings. Th ere shall be V2 inch in the gutter bottom thro ugh wh ich the out let shall exten d. T he
clearance between the masonry and alu minum. On the roof flanges formed at the to p of the outlet tube shall be riveted
side, the scupper lin ing sha ll be of sufficient length to be bui lt to the gutter and th e connect ion sea led (Section 2.3). Outlet
into a membrane base flashing at least 4 inches or locked to the tubes shall extend not less than 3 inches into leaders.
aluminum base flashing with a 3/4 inch sea lant filled seam (Sec-
t ion 23). The bottom edge shall extend 'at least 4 inches into 18.3 Leader Heads sha ll be of the size and shape shown on
th e bu ilt-up roofing and where requ ired a 3/ 4 inch high gravel the drawings .
stop ridge shall be formed around the scupper in let.
17.2 Splash Pans shall be install ed under all downspouts d is- 18.4 Le aders or Downspouts shall be of the size and shape
charg in g onto composit ion roofs . Pans shall be made of sheets shown on the d rawings. T hey shall be formed in not less than
24 inches lon g by 18 inches wid e un less otherw ise ind icated 10 foot lengths where poss ible. End joints sha ll te lescope not
on the drawings . On two sides and one end of the sheet shall less than 1 V2 in ches and lon gitud inal jOints shall be locked .
be form ed 1 inch high continuous inverted V members placed All necessary elbows, offsets, etc ., as req ui red sha ll be provided .
4 inches from the outs ide edges. Filler pieces shall be prov ided
at the corners so that they lap over th e flanges on the sides not 18.5 Leader Straps shall hold leaders in a position clear of the
less than 3 inches with the lapped j oints being set in elast ic wa ll. Leader straps shall be spaced as shown on the drawings,
cement. Th e rear side of the pan sha ll be not less than 8 inches but in no case shall the spacing be more th an 10 feet. They
high and shall extend under the side wa ll covering or be cap shall be sec ure ly attac hed to th e wa ll with alumi num fasteners,
flashed on masonry wa ll s. Pans shall be bedded in elastic and sha ll grip the leader sec ure ly by means of punched prongs,
cement and th e 4 inch side fl anges shall be str ipped and screws, rivets , or other mechan ical fasten ing devices.
mopped into th e bui lt-up roo fing as specified in Section 11.1.
17.3 Curb Flashing sha ll be provided on all curbs, roof scutt les,
etc. The fl as hing sha ll extend up the full hei ght and over the
top of the curbs. The lower edge shall extend 4 inches onto th e
roof deck and with bu il t-u p roofing be installed as specified
in Section 11 .1 or with slate, til e or sh ing le roofing be insta ll ed
as spec ified in Section 10.2.
17.4 Door Sills. The si ll s of doors leading onto flat roofs except
where the bottom of the sill is at or above the level of cap
flashing, shall be provided with alum inum flashing. The flashing
shall extend under the si ll and be turned up beh ind and at the
two ends of si ll at least 2 inches. The sill flash ing shall be joined
to the base flas hing by a 3/ 4 in ch lock seam fill ed with sealant
(Sect ion 2.3); all loc k seams and joints sha ll be made watertight
with sealant.
28
Rainwater Goods and Miscellaneous
Ii'
29
··................................ ..
About the
Aluminum
Association
The Aluminum Assoc iation is an
industry-wide trade organization
representing over 50 companies
including all the primary producers
of a luminum in the United States,
lead in g manufacturers of sem i-
fabricated aluminum products and
principal foundries and sme lters.
The Association's a ims are to
increase public and ind ustrial
understanding of a luminu m and the
aluminum industry and-through its
tec hnical, sta tistical, marke ting and
informa ti ona l activiti es-to serve
ind ustr ies, consumers, fi nancial
analysts, educa tors, students,
government agenc ies and the public
generally.
For the aluminum industry and
those industries that use alum inum,
th e Association helps develop
standards and designations systems,
helps prepare codes and
specifications invol ving aluminum
products and studi es technical
problems of the industry.
The Association maintains and
per iodica lIy issues industry-wide
sta tistics and records which are used
as an authoritative so urce .
Association members also jo in
togethe r on a number of commodity
and end-market committees to
cond uct industry-wide market
development prog-ams.
·................................ .
••
Other ••
Section 7 - Specifications for Aluminum Structures . . . . SAS
ALUMINUM Nov ember 1968 (64 p ages)
Aluminum CONSTRUCTION Contains design and fabrication specificat ions for structures made of a
wide r a nge of a luminum a lloys. A llowa ble stresses for bridge and bui l d ·
Association MANUAL ing type structures , both welded and non-welded , are presented in tabu -
l ar form . Design rules and fabric ati o n procedures are a l so outlined.
Adds additiona l detail to " Spec ifi ca tions for Aluminum Structures." Pro-
vides exc elle nt ba ckg rou n d and references for tho se who wish to exp lore
further the b as is for the Specifications .
•••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
PRODUCTS Issued bienni a lly, thi s is a co mprehens ive referen ce book containing
data on m echa ni ca l , ph ysica l a nd other properties, tolera nc es and othe r
usefu l info rmati on on aluminum mil l products in general use. Incl udes
separa t e sec t io ns o n sheet and plate, rolled rod a nd b a r, extruded rod,
bar, tube and sha pes, forging , electrica l conductors a nd other a luminum
f orms and shapes .