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ABSTRACT
Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using activated natural zeolite
catalyst has been done. Activation of the natural zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl
6M for 30 min, calcining and oxydizing at 500°C for 2 hours, consecutively. The variation
of stirring speed were 350, 700, 1100 and 1200 rpm. The variation of reaction time were
varied from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by
1
H NMR spectrometer. The results showed that the optimum condition of biodiesel
synthesis using esterification process were reached at 700 rpm and 15 minutes, which gave
biodiesel conversion of 100%.
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Kecepatan Aduk dan Waktu Kontak …(Dwi Kartika, dkk)
Gambar 1. Reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas menjadi metil ester dengan katalis asam
Gambar 2. Reaksi transesterifikasi trigliserida menjadi metil ester dengan katalis basa;
R1, R2, R3 merupakan asam lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh
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Molekul, Vol. 5. No. 1. Mei 2010 : 33 - 40
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Kecepatan Aduk dan Waktu Kontak …(Dwi Kartika, dkk)
Tabel 1 Identifikasi posisi sudut difraksi (2) pada difraktogram XRD sampel katalis
dengan zeolit alam standar
2
Jenis Zeolit
Zeolit alam sampel Zeolit alam standar *)
Mordenit 6,41; 8,44; 9,76; 13,44; 13,9; 6,51; 8,61; 9,77; 13,45; 13,83;
14,56; 15,26; 19,65; 23,13; 25,64; 14,59; 15,3; 19,61; 23,16; 25,63;
26,28; 27,75; 35,00 dan 35,63 26,25; 27,67; 35,12 dan 35,61
Klinoptilolite 11,16; 17,36; 19,02; 20,10; 22,29; 11,19; 17,36; 19,10; 20,40;
23,66; 25,02; 26,28; 30,05 dan 22,36; 23,81; 25,05; 26,29;
48,43 30,05 dan 48,49
Kuarsa 20,86; 26,66 dan 36,52 20,86; 26,65 dan 36,56
Sumber : *) Treacy dan Higgins, 2001
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Molekul, Vol. 5. No. 1. Mei 2010 : 33 - 40
Gambar 3. Difraktogram (a) zeolit alam, dan (b) zeolit alam teraktivasi HCl 6M, kalsinasi
pada 400 oC
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Kecepatan Aduk dan Waktu Kontak …(Dwi Kartika, dkk)
Gambar 4. Hubungan kecepatan aduk terhadap konversi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah
menggunakan katalis zeolit alam teraktifasi HCl pada reaksi esterifikasi
dengan waktu reaksi 15 menit
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Molekul, Vol. 5. No. 1. Mei 2010 : 33 - 40
Gambar 5. Hubungan waktu reaksi dengan konversi biodiesel dari minyak jelantah
menggunakan katalis zeolit alam teraktifasi HCl pada reaksi esterifikasi dengan
kecepatan aduk 700 rpm
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Kecepatan Aduk dan Waktu Kontak …(Dwi Kartika, dkk)
Knothe, G., R. O. Dunn, and M. Bagby, Treacy, M.M.J., and J.B. Higgins, 2001,
1997, Biodiesel: The Use of Collection of Simulated XRD
Vegetable Oils and Their Powder Patternsfor Zeolites,
Derivatives as Alternative Diesel Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Fuels, Fuels and Chemicals from
Biomass, ACS Symposium Series, Yoeswono, Triyono, and I. Tahir, 2007,
V, 666. The Use of Ash of Palm Empty
Fruit Bunches as A Source of
May, C. Y., 2004, Transesterification of Base Catalyst for Synthesis of
Palm Oil: Effect of Reaction Biodiesel from Palm Kernel Oil.
Parameters, J. Oil Palm Res., 16, 2, Proceeding of International
1-11. Conferences on Chemical
Sciences (ICCS-2007),
Noureddini, H. dan D. Zhu, 1997, Kinetics Yogyakarta-Indonesia, 24-26 May
of Transesterification of Soybean 2007.
Oil, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 74, 11,
1457-1463.
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