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REPUBLIC ACT 1425
® REPUBuC ACT NO.\ 1425. AN ACT T0 INCLUDE IN THE
CURRIOuLA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOC)LS,
COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LtFE,
woRKs AND wRmNGs oF josE RIZAL,
PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOu ME TANGERE AND
EI FILtBUSTERISMC), AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND
DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
-Dec 31. t969
ADDITlor`t.\L CRITERLi FOR HEROES
• Means a prominent or central
personage talchg an odmfable pat in
any remcckoble ocfion or event:
• A person Of cE5thgLrfued valor or
#=fada-,arferfifLrfein
• A marl honaed dier decTth by puorK=
worship because Of exceptforra!
serviee to mankinc£.
CRITERIA FOR NATIONAL HEROES
a Heroes are those who have a concept of
nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for
the nation's freedom.
a Heroes are those who define and contribute
fo a system or life of freedom ancl Order for
a nation. Freedom without order will only
lead tQ anarchy. Therefore, heroes are those
who make the natlon's constitution and
laws.
r Heroes are thc>se who cc}ntribute to the
qualify of life and destiny of a nation.
AerlvlTy!
• Think of a recent novel/story that
you'veread.
• What did you lean from the story?
• Apply this experience to Rizal' s writing.
• lto\^/ would reading R.E!al's novel
impgrt patfotism?

lt is Magellan who arrived in the
Philippines to head a Spanish
expedition searching for Spice Islands
in i 521. Magellan never completed
the journey by himself; he was killed in
an encountered with natives in the
Philippines after having clairned the
Philippines is for Spain.
a The Famous Blood Compact of
Legazpi with Sikatuna in Bohol
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Magellan's plans to claim the whole of
the Philippine Islands for Spain
encountered stiff resistance from other
natives, particularly from Lapu-Lapu,
the chieftain of neighboring Mactan
Island. In what is known as the Bathe of
Mactan that was fought on April 27,
1521, Magellan and his 100 soldiers
fought Lpu-Lapu and his 1,000 wam`c)rs.
Clearly outnmbered, Magellan and
most of his soldiers were killed .
In ]565, when Miguel Lapez de Legazpi
concluded treaties of friendship with the
native chiefs or what we cdiled the Datus,
Spain's primarily aim and intention in the
Philippines was tQ spread their relidion, the
Roman Catholieism.
2

a The Philippine were named after King
Philip 11 of Spain.
I Dun.ng the coloniration of the Spaniards
in the Philippines they centralizecl and
form a government and divided into two
units; The Central Government in whieh
the King entrusted the colony to the
govemorgenaal, who had the hishest
position in the government. The Royal
Audiencia was the Supreme Court of the
Philippines.
® The Pueblo was governed by the
governadorcillo, the highest possession
for Filipino politicians and the Cabeza de
Barangay governed the barrios. Q±±|±!m
the SDanish reaime, there was union of
church and state; the Governor-aeneral
had power over the church. The friars on
the other hand , Dlayed a verv imoortant
role in the aovernment.
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LACUNA COPPERPLATE
Many missionary works in the Philippines
were pushed by the Spaniards, for the
to help the natives toward the
advancement of education, culture an
architecture. It was also at this point
when the Spanish missionaries triecl to
eliminate the ancient writings, in their
eagerness to erase the previous cultural
records of the Philippines, only the orally
transmitted literature has survived.
a The Residencia and the Vistador were
the special courts that investigated on
the conduct of the governor-general and
other hieh ranking Spanish officiais. Local
Government fprovinces, cities, towns an
barrios). The provincial provinces wer
divided into two; Alcaldia, which
reeognired Spains' possession over the
land. Corregimiento where the people
had not succumbed to its ruling power.
Ayuntamiento or the city government
was the center of the society, religion,
culture and business.
3

ECONOMIC
a Opening of the Suez Canal on
November 17,1869
• Connects Mideterranean and recl sea;
shortened distance between Europe
and Orient. Vvith this canal, the trip was
reduced to only 32 days.
Opening of I.he Phlllpplnes to the
lntemallonal Trade
-The country was opened to foreign
trade after the end of the 18th century
which resulted in the rapid rise of foreign
firms iri Manila. This stimulated agricultural
production and export of sugar, rice
hemp and tobacco.
-The opening of this canal in 1869
further stimulated the local econc>my
whieh give to the creation of the middle
class Of mestizos and ilustrados in the 19th
centu
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RESULTS
Philippines became closer to
and Spain
g Encouraged European travellers to`
come to our country
• Exodus of literal ideas from Europe to
the Philippines
• More educated and young Filipinos
were able to study abroad.
SOCIAL
+ Socfdi +Sfradificafron
inthisF±#e#:g#beleng
peninsuidres and the Friars.
insE#Spanidrdswhowerebon
Efigqure membersofany cendin+ +_
reifeieus cnders 6f prem
4

;p Mlddle Class- the people that I)elong Info this
class includes the natives, mest-H!os.
Natives+ the pure Filipinas
Mestizos- are the Filipino of mixed indigenous
Filipino or European or Chinese ancestry.
[owesl Class- this class includes the Filipinos only.
The lncllas are the poor people having the
pure blood Filipino which ruled by the Spaniards.
The nrissionaries took chalge in teaching,
controlling and maintaining the rules and
regulations, and emphasized the teachings of
the Catholic religion starting from the primary
level to the tertiarv' level of education`
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EDUCATION
`^. The fuars controlled the educational rystem
during the Spanish times.
• They ouned different schools, ranging from the
primary level to the tertiary levels of education.
POLITICAL
Liberalism
• The opening Of the Suez Canal facilitated the
importalon Of backs, mngacines and newrspapems
\vith liberal ideas from Europe and America whieh
cventlrallyT influenced the mind of Jose RIzal and
other Filipino refomists. Political thonghts Of tiberal
thinkers like Jean Jacques Rousseau (Social
Contract), John I.ocke (Treatises Of Govemment},
Thous Pains.
I The sacial interaction with liberals has influenced the
thinking on politics and nationhood.