Tarlac State University

College of Engineering
Romulo Blvd., Tarlac City

Assignment in EResearch 1A

Submitted By:

Capili, Euniscia Hidee

Figueroa, Tyrone Adan
Mallari, Ann Jelly Nicole C

ECE 4F

Submitted To:
Engr. Robert V. Marcos, Ph.D.
10 Electronics Patents
INTERFERENCE DETECTOR FOR PATIENT MONITOR
Patent No.: US 8,754,776 B2 Date of Patent: Jun. 17, 2014

Detecting and measuring a patient’s physiological parameters, such as oxygen, glucose,

hemoglobin and others, with the technology before, was unreliable because of such interferences like
environmental noise, or interference from the machines generated by itself or by electric power lines,
power supplies and medical equipment that can undesirably affect the measurement accuracy of the
monitoring system. The existing solutions for measuring the interference levels were inaccurate and also
insufficient, because interference may be highly stable depending on the situations.

This present application was a continuation of the first application which was also entitled
Interference Detector for Patient Monitor filed on 2009 and 2010.

The solution was a system that detects and calculates the level of the environmental noise, or
electromagnetic interferences, then performs frequency analysis on the detected interference signal
and determines the power of the interference signal concentrated in the frequency bands. The device is
used for patient monitoring, which includes a patient monitor that is capable of determining one or
more physiological parameters and also interference levels, with one or more optical sensors, and a
communication cable or device that transfers signals between the monitor and the sensors.

The innovated design of the system includes an interference detector to reliably measure the
interference levels. The detector uses frequency analysis to determine and calculate the interference
levels in the frequency bands of interest. It can also be configured to provide audio-visual indications of
the measured interference levels, which can be helpful in spot check measurements situations, and also
the users can be alerted quickly whenever the interference can significantly affect the measurement’s
accuracy or reliability, which the previous design wasn’t configured of.

The monitor is comprised of an input designed to receive signals from a sensor responsive to
optical radiation, a processor designed to process a first sensor signal which is to determine the
measurement values for one or more physiological parameters and a second signal to determine the
amount of electronic interference, which both signals are received at a different time, and lastly it
output signal responsive to the amount electronic interference and provide a visual display or
indications, whether analog or digital. It is also comprised of a sound transducer to output an audio
responsive to the output signal.

At the input, one or more sensor signals responsive to optical radiation including electronic
interferences are received from a sensor then it processes the sensor signals to determine the amount
of electronic interference, and output a signal responsive to the amount of the interference to provide
at least a visual display.

The portable patient monitoring of the system communicates with an optical sensor though a
cable. In some design, the patient monitor operates the sensor to emit light of different wavelength into
a body tissue then the sensor detects the light and outputs a signal by how much the amount of light
received by the sensor through the cable. The monitor also includes a display and one or more control
buttons. In addition, to some models, the monitor communicates with a temperature sensor and also a
memory device connected with one or more of the sensor and the cable.

FIG.1 Illustrates a perspective view of a patient monitoring system

FIG. 2 Illustrates a block diagram of a patient monitor and interference detector of the patient
monitoring system

FIG. 3 illustrates a hardware block diagram of a digital signal processor and signal extractor

FIG. 4A illustrates a functional block diagram of a digital signal processor and interference detector
EMBEDDING INTELLIGENT ELECTRONICS WITHIN A MOTORCYCLE HELMET

Patent No.: US 9,445,639 B1 Date of Patent: Sep. 20, 2016

The motorcycle helmets of today are usually attached with cameras to provide a perspective
from the camera’s point of view, usually to record footage of their trip. These cameras are mounted
externally on the helmet, which can result to design problems not pleasing to eyes and as well as safety
issues because of physical imbalances by the weight of the camera which can affect the positioning of
the helmet. Furthermore, the current helmet cameras lack integration, durability and safety features.

The present invention of helmets includes an internally mounted sensors placed within an
embedded electronics layer that includes electronic components with software program for logic
processing which this receives real-time input from the sensor and automatically executes actions in
response to the input received. Another feature of the present invention is that it can include a
computer product within the helmet, which manages one or more internally mounted sensors.

The current invention is a solution within a motorcycle helmet for embedding intelligent
electronics with one or more sensors to become a smart helmet. The helmet can include a front-facing
camera, a rear-facing camera, an accelerometer, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a power
source, a data connector, a heads up display (HUD), a Global Positioning System (GPS), an antenna, a
processor, a network transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver, a loudspeaker and microphone, and the like.
These components performs different task like displaying vehicle Instrumentation information,
automatically performing emergency procedures, presenting pre-collision warning, recording sensor
information and others. The design can also include more sensors such as thermometer or thermostat,
vibrational sensor and other sensors.

In one configuration of the design, the helmet includes a front facing and rear facing camera
which it can be used to present relevant media streams within the heads up display of the visor. Both
cameras enable the rider to be aware of the potential danger posed by his surroundings, and also with
sensor that detects object within the blind spot of the rider. The configured design can also reduce the
blind spot of the rider, for example as a car passes by the rider, the camera facing the blind spot can
present a video feed of the car within HUD.
 Being a smart helmet, it can also act as a black box device, with data storage or removable
memory which permits important collision or accident information be obtained. It is also comprised of
data port and wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) component that allows communication between electronic
components within the layer and external computing devices.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram illustrating a scenario 110 and a set of embodiment 120, 170 in
accordance with an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed herein.
FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram illustrating a set of scenarios for utilizing embedded intelligent electronics
within a motorcycle helmet in accordance with an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed
herein.
FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram illustrating a set of scenarios for utilizing embedded intelligent electronics
within a motorcycle helmet in accordance with an embodiment of the inventive arrangements disclosed
herein.
FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram
illustrating an embodiment for
embedding intelligent electronics
within a motorcycle helmet in
accordance with an embodiment of
the inventive arrangements disclosed
herein.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a

method for embedding intelligent
electronics within a motorcycle helmet
in accordance with an embodiment of
the inventive arrangements disclosed
herein.
INTELLIGENT CHARGING OF MULTIPLE ELECTRIC OR ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH A
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL INDUCTIVE CHARGER

Patent No.: US 9,112,363 B2 Date of Patent: *Aug. 18, 2015

As technology advances, wired technologies were changed and have been developed to wireless
technologies. As well as in powering and charging electric or electronic devices, these use a wireless
charger or transmitter system and a wireless receiver which this provides transfer of power across a
distance with a safe and efficient operation. With the rapid increase of electrical and electronic devices,
simple and universal methods of providing power or charging is becoming increasingly important.

The system which comprises a base unit with one or more transmitter coils, one or more
receiver coils associated with one or more mobile devices, components including a ferromagnetic,
ferrite, or other magnetic material, that modify the magnitude or phase of an electromagnetic field in
one or multiple dimensions, and one or more components within the base unit or the mobile device,
which is designed to be a method for intelligent charging of multiple electric or electronic devices using
an inductive charger, a switching layer having magnetic properties and covering the one or more
transmitter coils or the receiver coil, which is layered either between the one or more transmitter coils
and a surface of the base unit, or between the receiver coil and a surface of the receiver, a multiplexer
within the base unit, for intelligent charging of multiple mobile devices or batteries.

The base unit can determine the presence of a mobile device in proximity to it, and which a
receiver coil or receiver is then activated to perform an initiation process wherein its ID, presence,
power, voltage or other requirements are communicated to the base unit which is all in accordance to
various representations.

The systems and methods of modulating the phase and amplitude of an electromagnetic field in
one or multiple dimensions are described. Applications include beam shaping, beam forming, phase
array radar, beam steering, etc., and inductive charging and power, especially in mobile, electronic,
electrical, lighting or other equipment, batteries, power tools, kitchens, industrial applications, vehicles
and other applications. The embodiment of the invention may also generally be applied to power
supplies and other power sources and chargers, including systems and methods for improving ease of
use and compatibility and transfer of wireless power to mobile, electronic, electrical, lighting or other
equipment, batteries, power tools, kitchen, military, industrial or vehicle applications.

According to various presentations, an induction power transmitter employs a magnetic

induction coils transmitting energy to receiving coils in a device or product, case, battery door, or
attachable or add-on component including attachments such as a dongle or a battery inside or outside
of device or attached to device through a connector or a wire, or stand-alone placed near the power
transmitter platform. The receiver can be another wise incomplete device that receives power wirelessly
and is intended for installation or attachment in or on the final product, battery or device to be powered
or charged, or the receiver can be a complete device intended for connection to a device, product or
battery directly by a wire or wirelessly.

Some capabilities and functions of wireless chargers include the ability to provide higher power,
charge more devices, exchange the top surface or exterior box or cosmetics, operate by internal power
as described above through use of a battery or renewable source such as solar cells, communicate and
store data from a device, provide communication between the device and other devices or the charger
or a network.

As an example, basic wireless charger that has the ability to be extended to include a
rechargeable battery packs to enable operation without external power. Another is that it may be a
wireless charger containing or one or more speakers or microphone and Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity
as a module that would enhance the basic charger to allow a mobile phone or music player being
charged on the charger to play or stream music or sound or carry out a hands free conversation over the
speakers and/or microphone wirelessly through a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other connection.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary charger and receiver, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2, 3, 4, & 5 illustrates an exemplary circuit, in accordance with an embodiment.
AUDIO JACK WITH MULTIPLE POINTS OF CONTACT
Patent No.: US 8,888,537 B2 Date of Patent: Nov. 18, 2014

This invention relates generally to electrical audio connectors and in particular to electrical
audio connectors that can be mounted to a substrate such as printed circuit board or PCB within an
electronic device. A wide variety of electronic devices are available for consumers today that use a wide
variety of connectors to facilitate communication with other devices or accessories.

As an example, the audio jack receiver connectors are sometimes positioned at one or more of
the external surfaces of an electronic device and mounted to a PCB within the device. Audio plug
connectors are often unplugged from the electronic device and may be physically damaged or
contaminated with non-conductive debris. Furthermore, the electronic device itself may be exposed to
liquid which may enter the device through the connector opening. Either of these scenarios may result
in a failure of the electronic device to operate properly.

This invention's embodiments relate to connectors used in a variety of electronic devices, such
as audio receptacle connectors. Some of the invention's embodiment provides a contact system with
multiple redundancy contact points that helps balance forces during a matching event. Other
embodiments of the invention use over molding or other injection molding techniques to improve the
water proofing characteristics of an audio jack receptacle connector or other type of connector. Still,
other embodiments include multiple contact points and improved water proofing characteristics.

Some of the embodiments of this invention relate to electrical connectors mounted on PCBs
that can be used in electronic devices. Although the present invention may be useful in the production
of connector assemblies for a wide range of electronic devices, some of the invention's embodiment is
particularly useful in the production of audio connector assemblies for electronic devices requiring
improved reliability.

The system, electrical audio receptacle connector, is comprised of a receiving face with a front
opening to receive a plug portion of a mating audio plug connector and a rear face disposed opposite of
the receiving face, a housing that extends between the receiving face and the rear face, the housing
defining a cavity that communicates with the front opening, a number of contacts, each of the of
contacts having an internal portion disposed within the cavity and an external portion disposed outside
of the housing wherein the housing has a base portion aligned with and mated to a lid portion along two
or more interfaces that interlock along their entire length forming a liquid tight seal.

Embodiments of the present invention may include a receptacle connector for receiving an
audio connector or plug. The plugs include multiple conductive regions that extend along the length of
the connectors in distinct portions of the plug, which is often being referred to as TRS (tip, ring and
sleeve) connectors.

FIG. 1A & 1B is a diagram that illustrates an

example of an audio plug.

FIG. 2 is a diagram that illustrates an exploded front perspective view of an electrical audio receptacle
connector with contacts comprising multiple points of contact in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 3A is a diagram that illustrates a front perspective view of an electrical audio receptacle connector
with contacts comprising multiple points of contact in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3B, 3C & 3D is a diagram of an embodiment that illustrates a housing interface feature in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram that illustrates a perspective view of an audio plug engaged with an electrical audio
receptacle connector with the connector housing removed in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention.
WIRELESS VISUALIZATION INTERFACE FOR AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLE SIGNAL COVERAGE
Patent No.: US 9.260,244 B1 Date of Patent: Feb. 16, 2016

A system for analyzing the network traffic health of an inventory management system that
includes autonomous vehicle and a number of access points that interacts with those access points and
the network traffic information related to network connectivity between the vehicle and then access
point is obtained.

The challenges of simultaneously completing a large number of packaging, storage and other
inventory - related tasks become non - trivial as inventory systems grow. In inventory systems designed
to respond to a large number of different inventory requests, the inefficient use of system resources,
including space, equipment, wireless network configuration and manpower, can lead to lower output,
unacceptably long response times, an ever - increasing backlog of unfinished tasks, and generally poor
system performance.

Embodiments of the system are directed to a service implemented by a computer system for
obtaining network traffic information regarding interaction between an autonomous vehicle, such as a
mobile drive unit, an unmanned aerial vehicle or other autonomous land, water, or air-based vehicle,
and one or more network access points in an inventory management system. If desired, this information
can be provided to a user, such as an administrator of the inventory management system. In
embodiments, the inventory management system can utilize the autonomous vehicles to gather and
send network traffic information to a computer system associated with an inventory management
system network traffic feature or service.

The service may provide the user with information to improve, adjust, modify or optimize the
inventory management system network in accordance with at least one embodiment. The service can
analyze information on network traffic collected after a certain period of time and determine trends in
the network connectivity of autonomous vehicles and access points in the inventory management
system.

The inventory management system is comprised of a number of access points situated in a

materials handling facility, a mobile drive unit for moving inventory within the inventory management
system, and for receiving and transmitting data from and to the access points, a computer system for
receiving the data from the mobile drive unit including at least roam times associated with network
connectivity between the mobile drive unit and at least one of the access points, generating connectivity
improvement information based at least in part on the data and providing the connectivity
improvement information to at least one of the at least one of the access points or the mobile drive
unit, the connectivity improvement information comprising at least one of instructions for the at least
one of the plurality of access points to change a first configuration of the at least one of the plurality of
access points, or instructions for the mobile drive unit to alter a second configuration of the mobile drive
unit.

FIG. 1 illustrates components of an inventory management system, in accordance with at least one
embodiment

FIG. 2 illustrates a data flow diagram for an inventory management system network traffic feature, in
accordance with at least one embodiment;
FIG. 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an inventory management system network traffic feature associated
with connectivity improvement information, in accordance with at least one embodiment

FIG. 8 illustrates a flow diagram of a

process for an inventory management
system network traffic feature as
described

herein, in accordance with at least

one embodiment;
FIG. 7 illustrate an example architecture for an inventory management system network traffic feature as
described herein that includes one or more service provider computer or a user device connected via
one or more networks, in accordance with at least one embodiment
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSFERRING AN ELECTRONIC PAYMENT
Patent No.: US 8,396,808 B2 Date of Patent: Mar. 12, 2013

This invention relates generally to the payment transaction field, and more specifically to a new
and useful method and system for transferring an electronic payment in the payment transaction field.

Electronic payment transactions occur daily and have become ubiquitous in everyday life. The
transactions and related execution costs, however, are becoming more burdensome for businesses and
are adversely affecting the bottom line of businesses. This problem is especially acute for small
businesses that rely on relatively thin profit margins.

A method and system for transferring an electronic payment between a purchaser and a
merchant that includes assigning a role of a merchant account to a first account and a role of a
purchaser account to a second account within a payment system, adding an item from a product catalog
stored in the payment system to a purchase list, obtaining a user ID token of a purchaser from a
merchant terminal, communicating identity confirmation information associated with the user ID token
to the merchant terminal, and transferring funds for the purchase price total from the purchaser’s
account to the merchant’s account.

The system for transferring an electronic payment of the preferred embodiment includes a
payment system, an account portal, and a product catalog. The system functions to provide the
infrastructure for implementing the method

The payment system of the preferred embodiment functions to coordinate purchases that occur
between a merchant and a purchaser. The payment system preferably includes a plurality of payment
system accounts stored in a connected account database. The payment system accounts preferably can
act as merchant accounts or purchaser accounts as described above. The payment system accounts are
preferably used to identify a user of the payment system, for holding funds or alternatively linking to a
financial account, and storing any Suitable payment system account-related information.

The account portal of the preferred embodiment functions as the interface between an
electronic terminal and the payment system. The account portal preferably allows a user to manage an
account and complete a purchase transaction as described in the method above through either a
merchant interface or a purchaser interface.
 The product catalog of the preferred embodiment functions as an accessible database of for-
sale offerings of a merchant. The product catalog is preferably stored within the payment system and is
preferably stored in a manner allowing each product to be linked to one or more merchant accounts.
The product catalog is preferably a database of relevant product information Such as descriptions and
prices.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart representation of a method for transferring an electronic payment of a preferred

embodiment of the invention
FIG. 5 is an exemplary flowchart representation of charging a portion of a purchase price total to a
second account;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a system for transferring an electronic payment of a preferred
embodiment of the invention.
ACOUSTC RESPRATORY MONITORING SENSOR HAVING MULTIPLE SENSING ELEMENTS
Patent No.: US 8,755,535 B2 Date of Patent: Jun. 17, 2014

According to certain described aspects, multiple acoustic sensing elements are employed in a
variety of beneficial ways to provide improved physiological monitoring, among other advantages. In
various embodiments, sensing elements can be advantageously employed in a single sensor package, in
multiple sensor packages, and at a variety of other strategic locations in the monitoring environment.
According to other aspects, to compensate for skin elasticity and attachment variability, an acoustic
sensor Support is provided that includes one or more pressure equalization pathways. The pathways can
provide an air-flow channel from the cavity defined by the sensing elements and frame to the ambient
air pressure.

The piezoelectric effect is the appearance of an electric potential and current across certain
faces of a crystal when it aligned. A thin layer of conductive metal, typically nickel copper, is deposited
on each side of the film to form electrode coatings to which connectors can be attached.

Embodiments of an acoustic sensor and physiological monitoring system described herein are
configured to provide accurate and robust measurement of bodily Sounds under a variety of conditions,
such as in noisy environments or in situations in which stress, strain, or movement can be imparted onto
the sensor with respect to a patient. While certain embodiments described herein are compatible with
single-sensing element designs, according to certain aspects, multiple acoustic sensing elements are
employed to provide enhanced physiological monitoring. For example, multiple acoustic sensing
elements can be included in one or more sensor packages coupled to a patient and/or at various other
locations in the monitoring environment, such as on one or more sensor packages or other components
not coupled to the patient. In some configurations, a number of acoustic sensing elements are
advantageously arranged in a single acoustic sensor package. In some such embodiments, physical or
electrical symmetry between the sensing elements can be exploited. In some cases, for example, the
electrical poles of two or more sensing elements are connected so as to provide improved electrical
shielding, enhanced signal to noise ratio, reduced design complexity and associated cost. In one such
configuration, multiple sensing elements are arranged in stack on a sensor frame or other Support
structure. Generally, shielding can be beneficially achieved using one or more portions that are integral
to the sensing elements rather than using physically separate components.
 In various embodiments, an acoustic sensor configured to operate with a physiological
monitoring system includes an acoustic signal processing system that measures and determines any of a
variety of physiological parameters of a medical patient.

The medical device for outputting a reduced noise signal responsive to acoustic vibrations
indicative of one or more physiological parameters of a medical patient, is comprised of a first acoustic
sensing element configured to be acoustically coupled to a body of a patient at a first location, the first
acoustic sensing element configured to output a first signal comprising a first physiological signal
component and a first noise component, a second acoustic sensing element configured to be
acoustically coupled to the body of the patient at a second location different from the first location, the
second acoustic sensing element configured to output a second signal comprising a second physiological
signal component and a second noise component and a noise attenuator configured to in response to
selection of a first mode, produce a first reduced noise signal in response to the first and second signals,
the first reduced noise signal related to a first sound component of the first physiological signal
component of the first signal, the first noise component of the first signal attenuated based at least in
part on the second physiological signal component and the second noise component of the second
signal, the first sound component indicative of a physiological parameter the patient and in response to
selection of a second mode, produce a second reduced noise signal in response to the first and second
signals, the second reduced noise signal related to a first Sound component of the second physiological
signal component of the second signal, the second noise component of the second signal attenuated
based at least in part on the first physiological signal component and the first noise component of the
first signal, the second Sound component indicative of a physiological parameter the patient.
FIGS. 1A-B are block diagrams illustrating physiological monitoring systems in accordance with
embodiments of the disclosure.

FIG. 1C is a top perspective view illustrating portions of a sensor System in accordance with an
embodiment of the disclosure.
FIGS. 9C-9D illustrate example systems including dual acoustic sensors applied to a patient according to
certain embodiments.
ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ADJUSTING GAIN OF DIGITAL AUDIO SIGNAL BASED ON
HEARING RECOGNITION CHARACTERISTICS

Patent No.: US20190036502 Date of patent: July 26, 2018

An electronic device according to various embodiments may include a processor, wherein the
processor may be configured to designate a maximum amplitude of an audio signal as a designated
range, wherein designating the maximum amplitude of the audio signal as the designated range
comprises processing the audio signal with the designated range according to a designated gain, to
determine, based at least on hearing recognition characteristics of a human per frequency band of the
processed audio signal, whether to tolerate distortion in the processed audio signal, to reduce, based at
least on determining not to tolerate the distortion in the processed audio signal, a gain of the processed
audio signal, and to adjust, based at least on determining to tolerate the distortion in the processed
audio signal, the gain of the processed audio signal based on the hearing recognition characteristics.

This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent
Application No. 10-2017-0094833, filed on Jul. 26, 2017, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the
disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

An electronic device according to various embodiments may include a processor, wherein the
processor may be configured to designate a maximum amplitude of an audio signal as a designated
range, wherein designating the maximum amplitude of the audio signal as the designated range
comprises processing the audio signal with the designated range based on a designated gain, to
determine, based at least on hearing recognition characteristics of a human per frequency band of the
processed audio signal, whether to tolerate a distortion in the processed audio signal, to reduce, based
at least on determining not to tolerate the distortion in the processed audio signal, a gain of the
processed audio signal, and to adjust, based at least on determining to tolerate the distortion in the
processed audio signal, the gain of the processed audio signal based on the hearing recognition
characteristics.

An electronic device according to various embodiments may include a speaker, and at least one
processor operably coupled with the speaker and configured to determine whether a frequency
characteristic of a digital audio signal having a first range wider than a designated range satisfies a
designated condition associated with hearing characteristic of a human, to generate, in response to
determining that the frequency characteristic satisfies the designated condition, a first digital audio
signal having a second range wider than the designated range based at least on the digital audio signal,
to generate, in response to determining that the frequency characteristic does not satisfy the
designated condition, a second digital audio signal having a third range narrower than the designated
range based at least on the digital audio signal, and to output, via the speaker, a first output signal
generated based at least on the first digital audio signal or a second output signal generated based at
least on the second digital audio signal.

A method of operating an electronic device according to various embodiments may include

designating a maximum amplitude of an audio signal as a designated range, processing the audio signal
with the designated range according to a designated gain, determining, based at least on hearing
recognition characteristics of a human per frequency band of the processed audio signal, whether to
tolerate a distortion in the processed audio signal, reducing, based at least on determining not to
tolerate the distortion in the processed audio signal, a gain of the processed audio signal, and adjusting,
based at least on determining to tolerate the distortion in the processed audio signal, the gain of the
processed audio signal based on the hearing recognition characteristics.

A method of an electronic device according to various embodiments may include determining

whether a frequency characteristic of a digital audio signal having a first range wider than a designated
range satisfies a designated condition associated with hearing characteristic of a human, generating, in
response to determining that the frequency characteristic satisfies the designated condition, a first
digital audio signal having a second range wider than the designated range based at least on the digital
audio signal, generating, in response to determining that the frequency characteristic does not satisfy
the designated condition, a second digital audio signal having a third range narrower than the
designated range based at least on the digital audio signal, and outputting, via the speaker, a first output
signal generated based at least on the first digital audio signal or a second output signal generated
based at least on the second digital audio signal.
OBJECT DETECTION APPARATUS

Patent No.: US20190041517 Application Date: March08, 2018

An object detection apparatus includes: a light emitting unit; a light receiving unit; an object
detection unit; a lightness and darkness determination unit that determines an ambient state of
lightness or darkness; a signal amplification unit that sets an amplification ratio for a light reception
signal and causes the light reception signal to be output from the light receiving unit at a level in
accordance with the amplification ratio; and an amplification control unit that controls the amplification
ratio for the light reception signal. The amplification control unit causes an amplification ratio for the
light reception signal in a case where the lightness and darkness determination unit determines that the
ambient state is dark to be higher than an amplification ratio for the light reception signal in a case
where the lightness and darkness determination unit determines that the ambient state is light.

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent
Application No. 2017-150521, filed on Aug. 3, 2017; the entire contents of which are incorporated
herein by reference.

For example, an object detection apparatus, such as a laser radar, is mounted in a vehicle or the
like that has a collision prevention function. Included in the object detection apparatus are a light
receiving unit for projecting light, and a light receiving unit for receiving the light. A light emitting
element, such as a laser diode, is provided in the light emitting unit. A light receiving element, such as a
photodiode or an avalanche photodiode, is provided in the light receiving unit.

Light that is emitted by the light emitting element of the light emitting unit is projected over a
prescribed range outside of the object detection apparatus. When the projection light is reflected from
the object in the prescribed range, the reflection light is received in the light receiving element of the
light receiving unit. Then, based on a light reception signal that is emitted from the light receiving unit
according to a light-received state of the light receiving element at that time, it is determined whether
an object is present or absent and a distance is measured.

Light that is received by the light receiving element includes not only the reflection light that
results from the laser light emitted by the light emitting element being reflected from the object, but
also ambient light such as solar light. Furthermore, a signal that is based on the light which is received by
the light receiving element and noise other than the signal, which results from characteristics of the light
receiving element or the light receiving unit are included in the light reception signal that is output from
the light receiving unit.

As an amount of ambient light that is incident on the light receiving element increases, a level of
the noise that is included in the light reception signal from the light receiving unit is raised. Then, it is
difficult to distinguish between the reflection light signal and the noise, which are included in the light
reception signal, and the precision of the detection of the object deteriorates. For this reason, a
technology that suppresses an influence of the ambient light is proposed in various ways.

Raising the level of the light reception signal is effective at making it easy to detect the reflection
light signal that results from the object. However, when this is done, the level of the noise that is
included in the light reception signal is also raised. When an ambient state is light such as in the
daytime, an amount of ambient light, such as solar light, that is incident on the light receiving unit, is
large. Because of this, the level of the noise that is included in the light reception signal which is output
from the light reception unit is raised. For this reason, when the light reception signal is too much
amplified, the level of the noise is further raised and it is difficult to distinguish between the reflection
light signal and the noise. Thus, there is a concern that the precision of the determination of whether
the object is present or absent and of the measurement of the distance to the object will be decreased.

In contrast, when an ambient state is dark such as in the nighttime, the amount of ambient light,
such as solar light, that is incident on the light receiving unit, is small. Because of this, the level of the
noise that is included in the light reception signal which is output from the light reception unit is
lowered. For this reason, when the light reception signal that results when the ambient state is dark is
amplified with the amplification ratio that is set to be low considering the ambient state is light, there is
a concern that the level for the reflection light signal will be raised effectively and that the object will
not be detected with precision. Furthermore, because in the ambient state is dark, it is difficult for a
driver of a vehicle or the like to visually recognize an object with the naked eye, it is desirable that the
precision of the detection of the object by an object detection apparatus is improved.

An object of one or more embodiments of the present invention is to provide an object

detection apparatus that is capable of improving the precision of detection of an object not only when
an ambient state is light, but also when an ambient state is dark.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an object detection apparatus
including: a light emitting unit including a light emitting element that projects light over a prescribed
range; a light receiving unit including a light receiving element that receives reflection light resulting
from an object existing in the prescribed range over which the light is projected from the light emitting
element; an object detection unit that detects the object based on a light reception signal output from
the light receiving unit according to a light-received state of the light receiving element; a lightness and
darkness determination unit that determines an ambient state of lightness or darkness; a signal
amplification unit that sets an amplification ratio for the light reception signal and causes the light
reception signal to be output from the light receiving unit at a level in accordance with the amplification
ratio; and an amplification control unit that controls the amplification ratio for the light reception signal.
OPTICAL IMAGE CAPTURING SYSTEM

Patent No. : (US20190041609) Application Date: December 13, 2017

An optical image capturing system includes, along the optical axis in order from an object side to
an image side, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a
seventh lens. At least one lens among the first to the sixth lenses has positive refractive force. The
seventh lens can have negative refractive force. The lenses in the optical image capturing system which
have refractive power include the first to the seventh lenses. The optical image capturing system can
increase aperture value and improve the imaging quality for use in compact cameras.

The present invention relates generally to an optical system, and more particularly to a compact
optical image capturing system for an electronic device.

In recent years, with the rise of portable electronic devices having camera functionalities, the
demand for an optical image capturing system is raised gradually. The image sensing device of the
ordinary photographing camera is commonly selected from charge coupled device (CCD) or
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor (CMOS Sensor). In addition, as advanced
semiconductor manufacturing technology enables the minimization of the pixel size of the image
sensing device, the development of the optical image capturing system towards the field of high pixels.

Therefore, the requirement for high imaging quality is rapidly raised. The conventional optical
system of the portable electronic device usually has five or six lenses. However, the optical system is
asked to take pictures in a dark environment, in other words, the optical system is asked to have a large
aperture. The conventional optical system provides high optical performance as required.

It is an important issue to increase the quantity of light entering the lens. In addition, the
modern lens is also asked to have several characters, including high image quality. The aspect of
embodiment of the present disclosure directs to an optical image capturing system and an optical image
capturing lens which use combination of refractive powers, convex and concave surfaces of seven-piece
optical lenses (the convex or concave surface in the disclosure denotes the geometrical shape of an
image-side surface or an object-side surface of each lens on an optical axis) to increase the quantity of
incoming light of the optical image capturing system, and to improve imaging quality for image
formation, so as to be applied to minimized electronic products.
 In addition, when it comes to certain application of optical imaging, there will be a need to
capture image via light sources with wavelengths in both visible and infrared ranges, an example of this
kind of application is IP video surveillance camera, which is equipped with the Day & Night function. The
visible light spectrum for human vision has wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm, but the image
formed on the camera sensor includes infrared light, which is invisible to human eyes. Therefore, under
certain circumstances, an IR cut filter removable (ICR) is placed before the sensor of the IP video
surveillance camera, in order to ensure that only the light that is visible to human eyes is picked up by
the sensor eventually, so as to enhance the “fidelity” of the image. The ICR of the IP video surveillance
camera can completely filter out the infrared light under daytime mode to avoid color cast; whereas
under night mode, it allows infrared light to pass through the lens to enhance the image brightness.
Nevertheless, the elements of the ICR occupy a significant amount of space and are expensive, which
impede to the design and manufacture of miniaturized surveillance cameras in the future.

The aspect of embodiment of the present disclosure directs to an optical image capturing
system and an optical image capturing lens which utilize the combination of refractive powers, convex
surfaces and concave surfaces of seven lenses, as well as the selection of materials thereof, to reduce
the difference between the imaging focal length of visible light and imaging focal length of infrared light,
in order to achieve the near “confocal” effect without the use of ICR elements.

The term and its definition to the lens parameter in the embodiment of the present are shown
as below for further reference.

The lens parameters related to the magnification of the optical image capturing system The
optical image capturing system can be designed and applied to biometrics, for example, facial
recognition. When the embodiment of the present disclosure is configured to capture image for facial
recognition, the infrared light can be adopted as the operation wavelength. For a face of about 15
centimeters (cm) wide at a distance of 25-30 cm, at least 30 horizontal pixels can be formed in the
horizontal direction of an image sensor (pixel size of 1.4 micrometers (μm)). The linear magnification of
the infrared light on the image plane is LM, and it meets the following conditions: LM≥0.0003, where
LM=(30 horizontal pixels)*(1.4 μm pixel size)/(15 cm, width of the photographed object). Alternatively,
the visible light can also be adopted as the operation wavelength for image recognition. When the
visible light is adopted, for a face of about 15 cm wide at a distance of 25-30 cm, at least 50 horizontal
pixels can be formed in the horizontal direction of an image sensor (pixel size of 1.4 micrometers (μm)).
10 Communication Patents
PACKET RETRANSMISSION OPTIMIZATION IN WIRELESS NETWORK

Patent No.: US 2010/0302955A1 Date of Patent: Dec. 2, 2010

Embodiments of the present disclosure set forth methods for determining a probability of
retransmitting a packet in a time slot for a supply node in a wireless network. Some example methods
encompass identifying whether or not transmission of the packet in the time slot is successful,
measuring a number of time slots gathered considering that a most latest Successful trans mission of the
packet through the Source node, and deciding a first price of the likelihood based totally on a 2d price
associated with the variety of time slots accumulated.

A wireless community may also consist of a plurality of nodes, consisting of a supply node
configured to transmit a packet and a destination node configured to receive the packet. After having
correctly acquired the packet, the destination node may additionally renowned the reception by using
sending a affirmation of receipt to the source node. In some circumstances, when two or extra packets
are transmitted in the equal time slot with the aid of specific supply nodes, the transmission of the
packets may also be unsuccessful. To establish whether or not such unsuccessful transmission occurs,
the source node waits to get hold of the confirmation of receipt from the destination node for a length
of time. If no affirmation is obtained inside this duration of time, the source node may deem the
transmission to be unsuccessful and initiate the retransmission of the packet in a successive time slot
with a sure probability, which sometimes is referred to as a retransmission probability.

This method is for finding out a chance of retransmitting a packet in a time slot for a supply
node in a Wi-Fi network, comprising: finding out whether transmission of the packet in the time slot is
successful; measuring a range of time slots gathered in view that a most recent profitable transmission
of the packet by way of the source node; and determining a first value of the probability based on a 2nd
fee associated with the quantity of time slots accumulated.
Figure 1

Illustrates one configuration of a wireless network

Figure 2

Illustrates another configuration of a wireless network

METHOD TO DETECT DATA TRANSMITTED FROM MULTIPLE ANTENNAS AND SYSTEM THEREOF

Patent No.: US 2009/0041145 A1 Date of Patent: Feb. 12, 2009

A technique to realize records transmitted from multiple antennas, said technique comprising
steps of choosing a starting data block and calling it as preceding facts block, defining a set of indices of
bits to be checked for feasible flip in the preceding information block as a check candidate set; applying
update rule to achieve up to date statistics block the use of the preceding data block and the test
candidate set, wherein the replace is made in Such a manner that change in possibility is positive;
checking if the up to date data block and countless consecutive preceding data blocks are the same; if
yes, declare the up to date facts block as the detected statistics block; if no, make up to date facts block
as preceding information block and repeat updating of statistics block.

This invention relates to large Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the large
quantity of transmit and receive antennas of the order of tens to thousands. Such giant MIMO
structures will be of immense activity because of the very excessive spectral efficiencies viable in such
systems. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) structures with multiple antennas at both transmitter
and receiver aspects have emerge as very popular owing to the a number of benefits they promise to
offer, consisting of transmit range and spatial multiplexing 1-3. It is regarded that the MIMO channels
have a capability that grows linearly with the minimum of the variety of antennas on the transmitter and
receiver facets 4-6. A key thing of a MIMO system is the MIMO detector at the receiver, whose job is to
get better the symbols that are transmitted concurrently from a couple of transmitting antennas.

The principle objective of the invention is to strengthen a method to notice statistics

transmitted from multiple antennas. Another goal of the invention is selecting a starting statistics block
and calling it as preceding records block. Another goal of the invention is defining a set of indices of bits
to be checked for possible flip in the preceding statistics block as a check candidate set. Another
objective of the invention is applying update rule to obtain up to date facts block the usage of the
preceding facts block and the take a look at candidate set, whereby the update is made in such a
manner that change in likelihood is positive. Another objective of the invention is checking if the up to
date data block and a number of consecutive preceding statistics blocks are the same; if yes, declare the
updated facts block as the detected facts block; if no, make up to date records block as previous
statistics block and repeat updating of preceding statistics block.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRECODING VECTORS IN A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Patent No.: US 8,320,432 B1 Date of Patent: Nov. 27, 2012

A device and technique for precoding vectors in a communication system are provided. A
transmitter may additionally precode an information vector using statistics involving a verbal exchange
channel prior to transmitting the data vector. The transmitter may also precode the information vector
in a manner that reduces the electricity cost of a resulting transmits data vector so as to reduce
interference in a obtained sign at a receiver. The transmitter may additionally perturb entries of the
records vector one-by-one in an iterative trend till a minimum in energy fee of the transmit data vector
is obtained.

In conventional wireless communications, a single antenna is used at a source to wirelessly

transmit a signal to a single antenna at a destination. Multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) is an
antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at both the
source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver). Using Smart antenna technology (e.g., multiple
antennas at both the source and the destination) can eliminate the signal problems caused by multipath
wave propagation, and can even take advantage of this effect.
Figure 1

Illustrates an example conceptual signal transmission diagram

Figure 2

A block diagram of an example multiuser MISO system including a base station (BS) communicating with
N users on a downlink communication channel
DISTRIBUTED STORAGESYSTEMANDA METHOD THEREOF

Patent No.: US 2011/0289351A1 Date of Patent: Nov. 24, 2011

Figure 1

Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a distributed storage system comprising of storage

nodes storing amongst them in a coded, and typically, redundant manner. The data to be stored in the
storage nodes may also be disseminated from the source throughout the network in a distributed
manner. The device also includes end users who recover the source information through connecting to
subsets of the storage nodes. A failed storage node may be repaired with the aid of downloading data
from subsets of current nodes. The storage area required in the nodes, and the network bandwidth
utilized for repair are minimized.
Figure 2

Illustrates the block diagram of the Encoder

Figure 3

Illustrates a block diagram of the data reconstruction block at the end-users

In any other embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of obtaining a distributed storage
network. The technique contains of performing coding operation on Source facts of size B for acquiring a
set of coded data, assigning each node with a predefined amount of coded records (C), performing data
reconstruction operation at the data reconstruction block at an end user by connecting to a
predetermined wide variety of storage nodes (k), performing restore operation at restore block of the
new node replacing a failed storage node with the aid of retrieving records saved in the failed node by
using downloading predefined amount of coded data (B) from a predetermined quantity of storage
nodes (d); and supporting in the restore of failed node by performing a computation by using the repair
helping block of d storage nodes chosen by way of stated new node and transmitting the end result of
the computation to said new node.
ENCODING APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD USINGLOW DENSITY PARITY CHECK (LDPC) CODES

Patent No.: US 2010/0169736A1 Date of Patent: Jul. 1, 2010

Figure 1

A system and method is capable of performing a Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding
operation on-the-fly without the use of a generator matrix. The system and method encompass an input
configured to obtain data and an output configured to output a plurality of code words. The system and
method also includes a processor coupled between the input and the output. The processor is
configured to encode the received data and produce the plurality of code words using a plurality of
parity bits. The processor creates the plurality of parity bits on-the-fly using a portion of an LDPC matrix
and a photograph matrix.
Figure 2

Illustrates a system capable of transmitting encoding data in according to embodiments of the present
disclosure

Figure 3

Illustrates a process for generating parity bits on-the-fly according to embodiments of the present
disclosure
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WITH SECONDARY SYNCHRONIZATION CODE BASED ON
VALUES IN PRIMARY SYNCHRONIZATION CODE

Patent No.: US 7,103,085 B1 Date of Patent: Sep. 5, 2009

A wireless communication system, the system comprises the transmitter circuitry comprising
encoder circuitry for transmitting a plurality of the play predominant synchronization code and a
secondary synchronization code (SSC). The encoder circuitry comprises for presenting the primary
*synchronization code in response to a first sequence. The encoder circuitry further involves circuitry for
providing the secondary synchronization code in response to a second and a third sequence. The 2nd
sequence is selected from a plurality of sequences. Each of the plurality of sequences is orthogonal with
admire to all other sequences in the plurality of sequences. The third sequence contains a subset of bits
from the first sequence.

Figure 1
Illustrates a diagram of a cellular communications system by way of a contemporary code division
multiple access (CDMA) example in which the preferred embodiments operate

Figure 2

Illustrates a block diagram of base station BST1 and in which any of the various embodiments of
synchronization code generator blocks may be implemented

A wireless communication system, comprising: a transmitter circuit comprising an encoder

circuit for transmitting a plurality of frames; wherein every of the plurality of frames involves a principal
synchronization code and a secondary synchronization code and whereby the encoder circuit comprises
a circuit for providing the main synchronization code in response to a first sequence and a circuit for
providing the secondary synchronization code in response to a second sequence and a third sequence.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORK

Patent No.: US 8,213,307 B2 Date of Patent: Jul. 3, 2012

The embodiment of the disclosure set forth useful resource allocation in a wireless network.
Some example methods encompass selecting a node based on the chance of having accessible data at
the node, sending an inquiry to the node, deriving a first set of average price estimates based totally on
a first step-size function, network records measured at the node, and a predetermined value, calculating
a second set of threshold values based on a second step-size characteristic and the first set of average
cost estimates, updating the second set of values to generate a third set of threshold values primarily
based on the predetermined value, and allocating resources for the node based totally on the third set
of threshold values.

Figure 1

Illustrates one example configuration of a wireless communication network

Figure 2

A flow chart illustrating an example process of iteratively updating two threshold values to ensure the
appropriate resource allocation
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING A SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK CHANGE
Patent No. : (US20190053156) Application Date: August 08, 2018

A method and apparatus for indicating a system information block change in a wireless
communication network is provided. According to the instant application, a single bit within the MIB is
assigned as a change indicator, for example a SIB change indicator bit. As such upon the receipt of the
MIB by the UE, evaluation of the change indicator within the MIB can enable the UE to determine if the
SIB1 or SIB1-BR has changed

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
62/542,690 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Indicating a System Information Block Change” filed
Aug. 8, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Release 12 of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication standard, developed by the
3 rd. Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), introduced a new feature called Power Saving Mode (PSM).
This is a specific kind of UE status that can be entered by a User Equipment (UE) in order to attempt to
minimize energy consumption, such that PSM has an energy consumption that is even lower than
normal idle mode energy consumption. A purpose of this feature is to substantially minimize energy
consumption while the UE is not transmitting or receiving anything.

However, upon exiting a PSM cycle, a UE must determine if there have been any changes
relating to system information messages used for connection of the UE to the wireless network during
that PSM cycle. In order to determine if a change has occurred, the UE evaluates the system Info Value
Tag, which is acquired by decoding System Information Block 1 (SIB1), which may be in the form of a
SIB1-Bandwidth Reduced (SIB1-BR). The UE will compare the newly acquired system Info Value Tag, with
the system Info Value Tag previously known to the UE, and if they are the same, the UE understands
that the system information has not changed since the beginning of the PSM cycle. As such, the UE does
not have to further decode the SIB2 for example.

However, the processing of decoding the SIB1 or SIB1-BR at a high Maximum Coupling Loss
(MCL) can require substantial UE time and power. For example, at the 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 Meeting #89
in document R1-1707090, entitled “Discussion on system acquisition time reduction for MTC,” May 15
to 19, 2017, it was presented that “simulation results in Table 1 show that SIB1-BR acquisition time is
significantly reduced by utilizing cross-sub frame channel estimation and SIB1-BR accumulations across
multiple transmission periods, and approximately half of the SIB1-BR acquisition time can be reduced by
doubling SIB1-BR transmission”.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for indicating a system
information block change in a wireless communication network, such as an LTE system. In accordance
with aspects of the present invention, there is provided a method, in a User Equipment (UE) associated
with a wireless communication network, for determining a system information block change. The
method includes determining if a UE sleep time is greater than a time period parameter and
determining if a change indicator is set to change. The method further includes decoding system
information messages when the UE sleep time is greater than the time period parameter or when the
change indicator is set to changed or both.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, in a
base station of a wireless communication network, for indicating a system information block change.
The method includes determining if system information has changed in a predefined time period and
setting a change indicator such that the change indicator is indicative of the determining. The method
further includes broadcasting the change indicator.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a base station for
use with a wireless communication network. The base station includes a wireless communication
interface, a processor and a memory storing machine readable code thereon. The machine readable
code when executed by the processor configures the base station to determine if system information
has changed in a predefined time period and set a change indicator such that the change indicator is
indicative of the determining. The machine readable code when executed by the processor further
configures the base station to broadcast the change indicator.

In some embodiments, the change indicator is integrated into a master information block. In
some embodiments, the change indicator is a single bit and the change indicator is set to “0” to define
that the system information has changed. In some embodiments, the change indicator is a single bit and
the change indicator is set to “1” to define the system information is unchanged. In some embodiments,
the predefined time period is a system information, SI, validity period.
These and other features of the invention will become more apparent in the following
detailed description in which reference is made to the appended drawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a messaging sequence between the terminal and base station
according to the prior art LTE standard.

FIG. 2 illustrates a method, in a UE, for determining a system information block change,
in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method, in a base station, for indicating a system information block
change, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a UE and a base station (eNB) of a wireless communication network, in

accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
TERMINAL APPARATUS AND COMMUNICATION METHOD
Patent No. : (US20190052503) Application Date: January 02, 2017

To provide a terminal apparatus and a communication method that enable a communication

apparatus (terminal apparatus and/or base station apparatus) supporting multiple subcarrier spacing to
perform efficient communication. A terminal apparatus transmits or receives a signal, configures a
subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal. In a case that the signal
includes data of the SRB, the subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal is a
first subcarrier spacing, and in a case that the signal includes data of the DRB, the subcarrier spacing to
be used for transmission or reception of the signal is a second subcarrier spacing.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a technique of a terminal apparatus and a

communication method that enable efficient communication.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is a standardization project, standardized
the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (hereinafter, referred to as E-UTRA), in which high-speed
communication is realized by adopting an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
communication scheme and flexible scheduling using a unit of prescribed frequency and time called
resource block.

Moreover, the 3GPP discusses Advanced E-UTRA, which realizes higher-speed data transmission
and has upper compatibility with E-UTRA. E-UTRA relates to a communication system based on a
network in which base station apparatuses have substantially the same cell configuration (cell size);
however, regarding Advanced E-UTRA, discussion is made on a communication system based on a
network (different-type radio network, Heterogeneous Network) in which base station apparatuses
(cells) having different configurations coexist in the same area. In this regard, E-UTRA is also referred to
as “Long Term Evolution (LTE)”, and Advanced E-UTRA is also referred to as “LTE-Advanced”.
Furthermore, LTE may be a collective name including LTE-Advanced/

The present invention provides a terminal apparatus and a communication method that enable
a communication apparatus (terminal apparatus and/or base station apparatus) supporting multiple
subcarrier spacing to perform efficient communication.
 A terminal apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a transmission
and/or reception unit configured to transmit or receive a signal; and a control unit configured to
configure a subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal, wherein the
subcarrier spacing includes a first subcarrier spacing and a second subcarrier spacing, a bearer includes
an SRB and a DRB, the SRB is defined as a radio bearer used only for transmission of an RRC message
and a NAS message, the DRB is defined as a radio bearer for transmitting user data, in a case that the
signal includes data of the SRB, the subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the
signal is the first subcarrier spacing, and in a case that the signal includes data of the DRB, the subcarrier
spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal is the second subcarrier spacing.

A base station apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a

transmission and/or reception unit configured to transmit or receive a signal; and a control unit
configured to configure a subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal,
wherein the subcarrier spacing includes a first subcarrier spacing and a second subcarrier spacing, a
bearer includes an SRB and a DRB, the SRB is defined as a radio bearer used only for transmission of an
RRC message and a NAS message, the DRB is defined as a radio bearer for transmitting user data, in a
case that the signal includes data of the SRB, the subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or
reception of the signal is the first subcarrier spacing, and in a case that the signal includes data of the
DRB, the subcarrier spacing to be used for transmission or reception of the signal is the second
subcarrier spacing.

According to the present embodiment, a communication apparatus (terminal apparatus and/or

base station apparatus) supporting multiple subcarrier spacing can efficiently communicate.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a radio communication system according to a

present embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a serving cell according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier aggregation according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a slot according to the present

embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the slot according to the present
embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource blocks according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource blocks according to the present embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of a region in which control information is transmitted and a
region in which data and/or signal other than the control information is transmitted, according to the
present embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a radio resource use method according to the present
embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of addition of CP according to the present embodiment.

MICROPHONE ARRAY WITH AUTOMATED ADAPTIVE BEAM TRACKING
Patent No. : US10210882 Publication Date: 19.02.2019

An example method of operation may include designating sub-regions which collectively provide
a defined reception space, receiving audio signals at a controller from the microphone arrays in the
defined reception space, configuring the controller with known locations of each of the microphone
arrays, assigning each of the sub-regions to at least one of the microphone arrays based on the known
locations, and creating beam form tracking configurations for each of the microphone arrays based on
their assigned sub-regions.

This application generally relates to beam forming, and more particularly, to automated beam
forming for optimal voice acquisition in a fixed environment.

A fixed environment may require a sound reception device that identifies sound from a desired
area using a microphone array. The environment may be setup for a voice conference which includes
microphones, speakers, etc., to which a sound detection device is applied.

Conventionally, voice conference devices may receive sound (i.e., speech) from various
attendants participating in the voice conference, and transmit the sound received to remote voice
conferences or local speaker systems for sharing the voice of one's speech or other shared sound to be
replayed in real-time for others to hear.

In a conference scenario, there are often many attendants, and a voice detection device would
need to identify sound associated with each of those attendants. In addition, when the attendant(s)
moves, the device would have to identify the attendant moving away from a sound-pickup area. Also,
when there is a noise source, such as a projector or other noise making entity, in a conference room, the
voice conference device would have a focal sound-pickup area to reduce non-desirable noise from
outside that area from being captured.

Conventional approaches provide microphone arrays which have multiple beam formers that define
fixed steering directions for fixed beams or coverage zones for tracking beams. The directions or zones
are both pre-programmed and not modifiable by the administrators or are configurable during a setup
stage. Once configured, the specified configuration remains unchanged in the system during operation.
When the number of persons speaking in a particular environment changes over time and/or the
positions of activities changes, the result is sub-optimal since the need for a dynamic adjustment is not
addressed to match those identified changes in the environment. Also, current beamforming systems
deployed in microphone arrays operate mostly in an azimuth dimension, at a single fixed distance and at
a small number of elevation angles.

FIG. 1A illustrates a fixed environment with predefined zones/regions for capturing and processing
sound according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1B illustrates a fixed environment with predefined zones/regions for capturing and processing
sound with a microphone array according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1C illustrates a fixed environment with microphone arrays identifying distances and capturing and
processing sound according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1D illustrates a fixed environment with microphone arrays identifying distances and capturing and
processing sound from a larger distance according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1E illustrates a fixed environment with microphone arrays identifying sound based on assumed
vertical heights according to example embodiments.

FIG. 1F illustrates a fixed environment with microphone arrays identifying sound based on assumed
vertical heights and using triangulation to identify talker locations according to example embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example microphone array and controller configuration according to example
embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates attenuation application performed by the controller according to example

embodiments.

FIG. 4A illustrates a system signaling diagram of a microphone array system with automated adaptive
beam tracking regions according to example embodiments.

FIG. 4B illustrates a system signaling diagram of a modular microphone array system with a single
reception space according to example embodiments.
 FIG. 4C illustrates a system signaling diagram of a microphone array system with mixing sound and
performing gain optimization according to example embodiments.

FIG. 4D illustrates a system signaling diagram of a voice tracking procedure according to example
embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example computer system/server configured to support one or more of the
example