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© Vi rginia Evans - Jenny Dooley, 2012

Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2012

Colour Illustrations: Victor, Emmanuel, Angela, Simon Andrews, Kyr © Express Publishing, 2012

First published 2012

Third impression 2014

Made in EU

All ri ghts reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
t ransmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publishers.

This book is not meant to be changed in any way.

ISBN 978-1 -78098-449-0

Acknowledgements
Authors' Acknowledgements
W e w ould like t o thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skills to producing this
book. Tha nks fo r the ir support and patience are due in particular to : Megan Lawton (Editor in Chief); Mary Swan
and Sean Tod d (sen ior editors); M ichael Sadle r and Steve Miller (editorial assistants); Richard White (senior
productio n controller); the Express design team ; Sweetspot (recording producers); and Kevin Harris, Kimberly
Baker, Steven Gibbs and Christine Little. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloted
the manuscript , and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book.

Photographs Acknowledgements
Johnny Depp © everettcollection/www.iml.gr on p. 81

Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the
publi she rs will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

•
~u!qS!lqndss~udx3
~r:J"
 Contents
( Module 1 ( Module 5
1a .... . .... .. ..... ... .... .. ...... .... .. p. 4 5a ..... ............. ........ ...... .. .. ... .... .. p. 44
1b .............. . .... .. ..... .. ...... .. ........... p. 5 5b ................... .... ..................... p. 45
1c, d p. 6 5c, d................ .. .. ..... .. ...... ........ p. 46
le.... ...................... ............... p. 7 5e ................... ... .... ... ..... ...... .. p. 47
1f ... ..... ... .... .. ....... .. .... ......... .. ...... p. 8 5f p. 48
19 ................................ ............. .. p. 9 5g ......... .. ......... .... .. .... .. .... ... .... .... p. 49
1h ....................................... ....... p. 10 5h ... ...... ........ ............ .... ..... .. . p. 50
1i, Notions & Functions .......... p. 11 5i, Notions & Functions ................ p. 51
Language & Grammar Review p. 12 Language & Grammar Review....... p. 52
Reading Task .... p. 13 Reading Task p. 53

( Module 2 ( Module 6 "

2a ................ ... .... ................... p. 14 6a ................ ... p. 54
2b ................... ............................ p. 15 6b ................ . .... .. ............ .. p. 55
2c, d ....... .... ... .......... .. .... ......... ... p. 16 6c, d ........................ ......... ..... .. .. . p. 56
2e ...... .... .. .......... ... .... ...... ...... ... p. 17 6e.... ...... .................. .. .. ...... .. .. p. 57
2f ...... ..... .... .......... ... ..... ..... .......... p. 18 6f ................ ........... .. ........ p. 58
2g .... ....... .. ............. ... p. 19 6g .. .. ........... .. p. 59
2h ......................... ..... ....... .. ..... .. .. p. 20 6h ... ....... . p. 60
2i, Notions & Functions ..... ..... p. 21 6i, Notions & Functions p. 61
Language & Grammar Review p. 22 Language & Grammar Review.. ..... p. 62
Reading Task ... p. 23 Reading Task...... ....... ....... ....... ..... p. 63

( Module 3 ( Grammar Bank

3a .... ........ ........ .............. .. .......... p. 24 Grammar Bank 1 ..... .. .. ... .... p. 64
3b ...................... ....... ....... ..... .... .. . p. 25 Grammar Bank 2 .......... . ... ..... p. 70
3c, d.. ..... .. .. ...... ............... ............ p. 26 Grammar Bank 3...... ....... ... .. .. . p. 74
3e ... . ...................... p. 27 Grammar Bank 4 .. .. .. ...... .............. p. 78
3f ...... ... ............. ......... ... .. .......... . p. 28 Grammar Bank 5 .. ...... .. .. ......... .... p. 82
3g ........ .. p. 29 Grammar Bank 6 ... ..... ............ .. ... p. 86
3h ................... .. .... ........ .. p. 30
( Grammar Revision
3i, Notions & Functions p. 31
Phrasal Verbs... p. 94
Language & Grammar Review....... p. 32
Verbs/Adjectives/Nouns with
Reading Task. ........... ......... ........... p. 33
Prepositions ................. .. p. 96
( Module 4 Word Formation ......................... .. p. 101
4a ..... . ................ p. 34 Key Word Transformations .......... .. p. 102
4b ........ ..... ... ... .. .. .... .. ... ... ..... .. . p. 35 Sentences Completion ............... ... p. 103
4c, d .. ................. ..... .. ..... p. 36 Grammar Revision Sentences ...... .. p. 105

~:
p. 37 Grammar Multiple Choice p. 107
: ; : .. .
4g .... .. .. .. ......
38
39
( Further Practice
Vocabulary Revision ..... .. ........... ... .. p. 110
4h ......... . ...... .. ... .. .... p. 40
Listening Practice ............. .. p. 113
4i, Notions & Functions p. 41
Reading Practice ............. . p. 114
Language & Grammar Review p. 42
Reading Task .......... ..... ......... ........ p. 43 ( Revision Modules 1-6
Revision Module 1 p. 118
Revision Module 2 ................. ....... p. 121
Revision Module 3 .. ....... ........ .. ..... p. 124
Revision Module 4 .................. .. .... p. 127
Revision Module 5 ....... .... ... .. .. ... ... p. 130
Revision Module 6 . p. 133

Irregular verbs
3
 Vocabulary 3 * Fill in: organised, friendly, creative, caring,

1 a) * Match the words to form job titles.

polite, patient, brave, honest.
1 A police officer has t o be .. .. ............... .. ....... .. ... .
because their job can be dangerous.
[lI] taxi
A counsel/or
2 An interior designer is ........ .. .. ........ .. ...... ......... ;
- : - -- -« [IIj police
B assistant
they develop original ideas for decorating the
CIO storm
C attendant
inside of bui ldin gs.
[I[j sales
o driver
3 A waitress/wai ter needs to be .......... .. .. ...... .. ... .
[IQ camp
E officer
because they take a lot of money from customers.
CfO delivery F shopper
4 A social worker has to be ...... .... .... .. .. .... ..... ..... ;
[I[j flight
G chaser
they work with people with serious problems.
[![j secret
H person
5 A babysitter needs to be .. ...................... .. ; they
have to stay calm when the children don't behave.
6 A secretary must be ........ .. .. .. .............. because
b) * Write a job title from Ex. 1a next to
each description.
they often deal with difficult people on the phone.
7 A sales assistant must be .. ............. .. .. ...... ; they
come into contact wi th a lot of people during
This person ... the day.
1 supervises children at a camp. ................... 8 A sports coach needs t o be .......... .. .... .............. ;
2 makes sure people obey the law. ................... they need to plan the ir training programmes .
3 takes things to people's houses. ............... ....
4 helps customers when they want 4 ** Choose a job from Ex. 1a and write a
to buy something. ................... few sentences abo ut it.
5 follows tornadoes and
photographs them. ...................
6 shops in different places to see
what the service is like. ...................
7 looks after passengers on a plane. ...................
8 takes people where they want to
Grammar
go in a car. ................... 5 * Complete t he se ntences using the
2 * Fill in: put out, tough, average, busy, deep,
correct adverb form ed from the adjectives
in the list, as in th e example.
part-time, shifts.
1 Smokejumpers have a very ............................... . • good • careful • late • easy • sudden 2
job; they jump out of planes into burning forests! • slow
2 The ................................... wage of a babysitter 1 A secretary must ch eck letters and emails
in the UK is £4.50 per hour. carefully for mistakes before sending them.
3 A freediver takes a ............................................ . 2 Experienced freedivers can .......... .. ....... ... .. .... .. .. .
breath before jumping into the sea. hold their breath for a long t ime.
4 Many students work ................. in the evenings 3 Taxi drivers have to know a city .. ..................... .
or at weekends to help pay for university. so they can find people's destinations.
5 A firefighter's job is very risky because they 4 The secretary types .............................................. ;
................................... fires. in order to avoid making mistakes .
6 He usually only works four-hour ...................... . 5 Security guards often work ..................................... .
because he's a student. at night guarding buildings.
7 Sara has a very ................................................... . 6 Forest fires can start .............. ........................... .
life; she doesn't have much free time at all. in very dry areas.
4
19, Vocabulary 3 * Choose the correct preposition.
1 a) * Match the words to form phrases. 1 I am fascinated by/with the idea of ghosts and
haunted houses.
ITIJ ghost A fiction 2 Carla is curious in/about robots and how they
...... , ~ tornado B plane work .
, the ITIJ robot C detecting 3 All of the information is on/at my laptop.
[![J unusual D object 4 Andrew is interested in/of science fiction.
[ID science E chasing 5 Steve is enthusiastic about/at finding UFOs.
ners. []I] military F hunting
[IT] metal G building 4 * Put the verbs in brackets into the present
ns. [KJ strange H hobby simple or the present continuous.
they
lave.
ause b) * Complete the sentences with the rTo: Erica
lone. phrases from Ex. 1a. ( From: Tom
they 1 Look, there's a(n) ............................ in the sky! L~,ubiec~:}0Y ne\t\l ~obby!
Iring 2 Charles has a(n) .................................. ; he likes Hi Erica!
collecting old bicycles. How 1) ........................................ (you/be)? I
..... , 3 Mary often goes .............. .................... ............ . 2) ................................. (have) a great time at
'so in haunted houses. the moment because I've got a new hobby - metal
!a 4 That's not a UFO in the sky; it's a .................... . detecting! I 3) .............................. (belong) to
a club and we 4) .............................. (go) metal
5 Martin sometimes finds valuable jewellery when detecting every weekend. We 5) ..................... ..
he goes ............................................... . (use) special equipment that 6) ........................ .
6 I don't believe in UFOs, they are just .............. . (tell) us when there is metal under the ground. This
Saturday we 7) ...................... (go) to the beach.
7 We look for storms, so we can go .................. .. People 8) ...................... (lose) things all the time
at the beach so I 9)..................... (think) we
8 Janet likes .......................... ............... ; she uses might find something valuable, like some coins or
parts from old televisions to make them. jewellery! 10)......................... (you/want) to
~s
join us? We 11)...................... (meet) at the
2 *involve
Fill in: investigate, analyse, record, spot,
in the correct form.
library at 9 am. Write back and let me know.
Tom

1 UFO hunting ........................... looking for and

proving the existence of UFOs.
2 UFO hunters .................................. sightings of
5 * Choose the correct verb form.

UFOs. 1 I am seeing/see Andy every day at work.

3 John hopes to ........................... a UFO with his
new telescope.
4 Use this camcorder to .... ................ ................ ..
anything strange you see in the sky.
5 Let's .............................. the videos and photos
of the sighting to see what it is exactly.
2 Do you smell/Are you smelling something
strange?
3 Gary enjoys/is enjoying rock climbing in his
free time.
4 EIIie doesn't feel/isn't feeling like going out
tonight.
5 I think/am thinking of becoming a policeman.
6 This soup tastes/is tasting fantastic. Try some!
5
 Vocabulary Everyday English
1 *Match the words to form phrases. Then,
complete the sentences.
4 * Use the sentences (A-F) to complete the
dialogue. One sentence isn't necessary.

ITD law A money A I'll be in touch .

[ID part-time B service B Pleased to meet you, Matt.
[ID spending ( campus C Well, I'm hardworking and energetic.
[IT] average D wage D If you get the job, when can you start?
[ID customer E job E I'm studying Computer Engineering.
[ID university F firm F Here's a letter of recommendation.

1 She is a secretary and works at a .................... .

............................................. in the city centre .
Matt: Hi. My name's Matt Ruskin .
2 Ted is looking for a .......................................... .
for the summer.
Mr Draper: ITDTake a seat and tell me
something about yourself.
3 Andy gets £10 a week .................................... .
Matt: Well, I'm 19 years old and I'm a first
4 A large number of students live on the .......... ..
year university student. [ID
Mr Draper: Right. Why do you think you'll be a
5 The .. .............................................. at the shop
good delivery person?
is £11 per hour.
Matt: [ID I also think I'm friendly and
2
6 Ellen works as a manager in ........................... .
would get along well with the

2 * Choose the correct word.

customers.
Mr Draper: OK, that's great. [IT]
1 Janet doesn't earn/win much money being a Matt: I can start whenever you want. I'm
teacher. free most evenings.
2 A debt collector is not a very popular/famous job. Mr Draper: OK, then. I think that's all. [ID
Matt: Thank you very much for your time. !..
3 Are there any jobs available/free at the
newspaper?
4 She likes to spend/pass time outdoors at the
weekends .
5 Jim works at a camp and gets free/unpaid room
and board. 5 ** Write an interview like the one in
6 Volunteering for a charity is a great experience/ Ex. 4 for the job advertised below.
knowledge.
.-
3 * Fill in: graduate, internship, letter,
experience, touch, wage.
Part-time dog-walker needed at a 3
1 Stephen makes a decent ................................ .. location in the centre of
as a reporter. town. £8 per hour.
2 Emma is a ..................... of Madison University. Sat - Sun mornings.
3 She's presently doing her ................................ . Must be reliable and
at the hospital. patient. Experience with
4 Joe needs a ....................... of recommendation animals necessary.
from his boss.
5 I'll be in .................................................. soon!
6 Lucy has got a lot of teaching .................. ....... .
6
 Vocabulary Reading
:he 1 * Choose the correct word. 4 ** Read the text
and mark the
statements 1-7
T (true) or F (false).

windsurfing/ 2 rock climbing/

mountain biking What's your idea of a dream job? Most
paragliding
people would love to do their favourite hobby
or sport as a job. That's exactly what Niklas Daniel

~ " ..'1~.~-'·-':'-
'. "··"" does. He combines his passion for skydiving with his work. Niklas is
".~7 ;(i':::\ ,.__-_,, - .-
.. :~ . a skydiving aerial photographer. He earns a good wage and does his
?:.~(- " ,
"

. favourite sport at the same time. Niklas jumps from planes with a
'~h., J .-
.. ·1 II
camera he attaches to his helmet and takes some amazing
.'-../ ' ....J!
photographs. He places the camera on his head so he can use his
t
hands to control his fall. He actually takes a photo by blowing into a
3 street luge/ 4 freediving/white-
tube which activates his camera. He wears special sunglasses to
motocross water rafting
3 show him where his camera is pointing.

2 * Fill in: surface, tank, mermaid, record,

distractions, campaign, silent, minute,
meditation, goggles.
1 A free diver doesn't use an air .... ................... .
2 It is totally .................................... underwater.
3 Freedivers dive as deep as they can and return
to the ................................... all in one breath.
4 Sara practises ......................... to help her with
her breathing.
5 James holds a world .... ...................... in skiing .
6 A ......................... ........... has one large flipper.
7 Sara volunteers for an environmental ............ .
8 Shelly loves every .................... . of paragliding.
9 Speed skiers wear ............................ to protect
This job may sound thrilling and fun but it's not easy. Job skills
include knowing how to take great photos and being an expert at
skydiving. Niklas has years of training as a skydiver. He can control
himself well as he flies in the air. There are additional risks and
difficulties that come with carrying the camera equipment that only
very experienced skydivers, like Niklas, can handle.
So what does he take pictures of? He usually photographs other
skydivers and skydiver teams. Sometimes Niklas wears a special suit
with wings that allows him to control how fast he falls. This way he
can stay close to the other divers and take great shots.
It's not the danger or risk that attracts Niklas to skydiving. Niklas
loves skydiving because, unlike other sports, it gives him absolute
freedom to move in any direction. This freedom of movement and
the ability to take pictures results in some very interesting and
creative work. There are no limits to what he can create and do.
For Niklas the sky is the limit!
.... ~.

. -.!
their eyes. 1 Niklas makes little money as a •
10 Carol likes paragliding because it's so peaceful photographer. ."
with no ............................. . 2 Niklas controls himself in the air with

3 * Choose the correct word.

his head.
3 Niklas uses a tube to see the images
.'
• .....••..••.

2
Sara takes/holds a deep breath before she dives
into the water.
Freedivers' lungs shrink/reduce as they dive
his camera'
4 Camera equipment can create problems
for a skydiver.
' . '>. 1
i
. •. '
deeper in the water. 5 Most of Niklas' photographs are of . ..
3 Rock climbing comes/appears naturally to Sandra. people.
4 Our neighbours are always making/doing noise. 6 Niklas uses wings to change his speed •
S Te rry really wants to win the world/universe in the air.
ch ampionship in motocross. 7 Niklas enjoys skydiving because it's •
el ly holds/keeps a record in street luge. dangerous.
 Vocabulary 4 ** Complete the text with the correct

1 * Match the words to form phrases. Then,

complete the sentences.
derivative of the word in brackets.

[IT] dream A vacancies

[ID careers B work vacancy at a company you
[ID job C language really want to work for.
[IT] volunteer D job Unfortunately, you don't have
[I[J body E skills the 1) .... ............................. ..
l1D computer F handshake (QUALIFY) they are asking for, but you are
[IT] firm G centre confident in your 2) ................................... (ABLE)
1 Most jobs these days require some ................ . to do the job. So, what can you do to get the job?
2 Make sure you greet the manager with a First, send a CV and letter of application explaining
why you want to be an 3) .. ...... ...................... .. .
3 Sorry, the company has no ............................. .. (EMPLOY) of the company. Don't be afraid to call
at the moment. and ask for an interview. This shows you are
4 Karen's CV includes all her .............................. . 4) ............................ (ENTHUSIASM) about the job.
at the local animal shelter. At the interview be a confident 5) ........................ ..
5 Why don't you go to the ..... .. ......................... .. (INTERVIEW) and explain that you can
to see what jobs are available. 6) .. ................................ . (DEFINITE) do the job.
6 Watch your ........................ and sit confidently.
7 Being an actress is Mary's ............................... .
Grammar

2 *support, lean, match,

Fill in: work, communicate, accept,
5 * Fill in the gaps with the correct form of
the adjectives/adverbs.
apply, maintain.
1 Tom is .......... .......... .. .... ........ .... (hardworking)
1 Part-time work in a shop helps you learn how
employee in the company.
to .... .. ...... ............................... with customers.
2 It is ...... .... .................... (difficult) to find a job
2 Make sure to ................................. eye contact
in the country than in the city.
during an interview.
3 The ................................... (much) you practise
3 Carl doesn't want to ............................. .. ....... .. typing, the .............. .... .. .. ........... (easy) it gets. 2
at a fast-food restaurant during the summer.
4 It's getting ...................................... (hard) and
4 During a job interview give reasons and
................. (hard) to find a top job these days.
examples to ...... .................. ...... . your answers.
5 Mary wants to ............................... for a job at 6 * Put the verbs in brackets into the
the bank. correct infinitive or -ing form.
6 ............................. forward and listen carefully.
1 A: Andy can't stand ............ .................. (take)
7 Janet doesn't ........................... criticism easily.
the bus to work every morning.
8 This questionnaire helps you ........ .. ................ ..
B: Then, he should ........ .. .. .......... .. (buy) a car.
your personality with a career.
2 A: Do you fancy ................................... (go) to
3 * Choose the correct word. the cinema this evening?
B: I can't. My boss expects me .................. ...... .
1 Simon gets excellent marks/skills at school.
(work) overtime tonight.
2 A delivery person usually gets low cash/wages .
3 A: John is really looking forward to .......... .. .... .
3 He wants a career/profession in journalism.
(travel) to India on business .
4 Dan is doing a two-month training/experience
B: I know! He can't ........ .... .. .. .. ...... ...... . (stop)
course.
talking about it.
8
 Vocabulary
1 * Match the descriptions to the jobs.

• video game tester • lifeguard

job • secret shopper • dishwasher • babysitter
you • gardener • delivery person • dog-walker
for.
ave I gather information A horror novel is a fantasy world of ghosts and monsters.
I bring goods to
about products and The stories aren't real , of course - or are they? Callum
people's houses. Calder writes ghost stories and his books sell thousands of
are services.
copies. But Callum is also a ghost hunter and he bases all
ILE) of his best-sellers on real experiences of real haunted
ob? 1 .............................. .. 2 .............................. . houses. So what's it like to be a ghost hunter and writer?
ling
I check a particular
product to see if it
-
I I do a lot of washing-up .
Callum believes that writing is just like any other job, so he
likes to be very organised . After breakfast, he goes up to
the attic where he has a tiny office. ITD Usually, he
call
works. writes for four hours, grabs a sandwich and then returns for
are 4 ............... ...................... .
another four hours. "I always stop at five o'clock:' [ID
job.
3 ........................ .. That's what he does from Monday to Friday, but it's what he
I go for a stroll does on weekends that is the most interesting.
can I take care of other with animals. "The weekends are for investigating ghosts. [ID I take
people's children . cameras and tape recorders as well as lots of other
equipment. Sometimes a recording shows something that
6 ....... .. ... ................... .
we miss. [!D They give me the history behind the
5 ............................ . .....- ghosts. I'm quite creative, so it quickly turns into another
of I work at the beach and book idea:' But do ghosts really exist?
I take care of plants help people in danger. Callum is sure that they do. "Every time I step inside a
and flowers. haunted house, I get the feeling that there's something
ing)
there. The ghosts aren't trying to hurt us; they're just trying
8 ................. .. ......... .... .. to communicate:' [ID Callum says, "When I find out,
7 .. ...... ........ ............ .
job that book will be my best ever! "
Asking for personal details A Here, he creates his terrifying tales.
:tise
ets. 2 * Fill in the correct phrase to ask and
answer questions.
B What are they trying to tell us, though?
C "Eight hours of writing is enough for one day,"
and he says .
lyS. • I enjoy swimming and travelling abroad. o Callum thinks ghosts are more frightened of us!
• How old are you? E I get ideas from talking to witnesses.
• What kind of experience do you have? F I spend the nights at haunted houses all over
• I'm single. the country. . H

• What qualifications do you have?

..... - - - "<t
3ke)
Listening
car.
A: 1) ................. ........... ........................................ .
B: I'm 18 years old. -""
4 ** 0 You will hear Sam talking about
I) to his job at a summer camp. Listen and tick
Are you married or single?
(I') True or False. 'True False
B: 2) ................................................................... ..
1 The camp is in the countryside .
3) ....... .... .. ................... ................ ... ..... ... ...... ... .
2 Each counsellor looks after
3: I've got a degree from London University.
20 children .
4) ..... .......... ..................................................... .
3 Sam doesn't really enjoy sports.
3: I have experience worki ng as a camp counsellor.
top) 4 He doesn't get paid very well.
What are your hobbies and interests?
5 All counsellors are university students.
3- 5) .... .. ...... .. ..................................................... ..
9
 Writing (a letter of application) 3 * Imagine you are applying for the job in
1 * Read the letter and underline the correct
phrases.
the advert below. Answer the questions.

Wednesday, 24th August

Dear Sir/Madam, THE DAILY COURIER

~ 1) I am writing to apply for the positionll want to JOB ADVERTISEMENTS
apply for the job of part-time garden centre assistant
WANTED
which you advertised in the Daily Herald on Thursday, 5th Swimming Pool Cleaner
January. for summer months.
~ I am in my final year of college, studying Ecology, and £6 per hour.
2) I think I'm going toll am planning to start my own Mon - Fri. 9 am - 3 pm
gardening business when I graduate. I 3) think/feel that a Must be energetic and friendly .
summer job at a garden centre would be 4) a valuable with experience working with
customers. Full training provided.
experience/really cool for me.
~ Last summer, I worked at a local flower shop Te.: Barry 5tewart
in the evenings and during the weekends. (440) 595·3832
.:
5) I believe I'mll consider myself to be
hardworking and reliable. I am also
friendly with customers. 1 What job are you applying for and where did
~ 6) Please find enclosedll you see it? ........................ ...................... .......... .
have sent you a copy of my CV. 2 What are your current activities? Why do you
7) I can comell am available want the job? .... .. .... ...... .. .. .................... .......... .
3 What experience do you have? .. .................. .. ..
for an interview 8) whenever
4 What are your personal qualities? ................ .. ..
you want/at your
5 When are you available for an interview? ...... ..
convenience. I look
forward to hearing from 4 ** Read the rubric and use your answers
you. from Ex. 3 and the sentences from the
9) Yours faithfully, Usefu//anguage box to write your letter of
application.
/Yours sincerely,
Theresa Fisher
r---------------------.
IWrite a letter of application (120-150 words). I
: Include: :
I ' reason for writing I
I ' current activity, qualifications, reason for I
2 * Which paragraph (1-4) conta ins ... I wanting job I
: . previous work experience, personal qualities :
1 Theresa's personal qualities. I ' when available for interview I
2 where she saw the advertisement.
.---------------------~
3 when she can go for an interview. Useful language
4 the work experience she has.
Reason for writing: 1am writing to .. . which ...
5 what she is doing at the moment.
Qualifications: 1 am .. . years old and .. ., 1 am
6 why she wants the job. considering .. . 11 feel that...
7 her reason for writing . Work experience: 1have ... , 1consider myself to be ...
8 her education. Availability: Please find .. ., 1 am available ... , 1 look
fo rward to .. .
10
 in Vocabulary
1 * Choose the correct word. I Notions & Functions
There's no point being in a job that doesn't
I Choose the correct response.
suit/meet your skills.

I
2 Can you solve/answer this problem? 1 A: I'm Jessie Evans
3 Try and find the most artistic/practical solution B: a Nice to meet you.
to the problem. b You will hear from me.
4 Tracy is very caring; she should be a public/
social worker. I 2 A: Tell me about yourself.
B: a I'm a student. ...

2 * Fill in: spontaneous, down-to-earth, realistic,

b Please have a seat.

3 A: Are you married or single?

creative
B: a I'm 19.
Tonia is a ...... .. .......... .. ................ person; she is
b I'm single.
very sensible and practical about everything .
2 Madeleine is so .... ........................... ; you never 4 A: What qualifications do you have?
know what she might do. B: a I've got a university degree
3 You're not being very ............................. about b I enjoy travelling abroad .
the situation. Your ideas aren't logical.

I
5 A: When can you start?
4 Use your imagination and be .. ................. ....... B: a Oh, that's great.
did
3 * Choose the correct particle.
b Immediately.

6 A: We'll be in touch.
you 1 Theresa wants to bring about/up her children
B: a Thank you .
in a small town. b Good morning.
2 Make sure to lock all the windows and doors,
so no one can break in/out. 7 A: Why will you be a good waitress?
3 Be confident and bring the interviewer around/ B: a I've got a letter of recommendation.
down to your point of view. b I'm hardworking and friendly.
~rs
4 Look at those clouds! I hope a storm doesn't 8 A: Do you have any experience?
If

• - 'I
S
break off/out while we are rock climbing .
The employees want to bring about/round a
change in their working hours .
I B: a Yes, I worked in a clothes shop last year.
b Yes, I understand.

I
6 The printer at my office is always breaking up/ 9 A: Please have a seat.
Is). I
I down. B: a Thank you .
I
b I see.
for
I
I
4 * Fill in the correct word derived from the

I
I
10 A: What's your favourite hobby?
word in brackets.
ies I B: a English literature.
I
Melissa wants to be a .. .................................... b Scuba diving.
_ .. I
when she grows up. (SCULPT)
2 Janet is the ... ....................... .. .. .............. at our
office. (RECEPTION)
3 Ch arlie is a .. .... .... .... .. .. .. .... .... ... ; he is learning
n
all about his new job. (TRAIN)
er father is a famous ...................... ..... (ACT)
k ::: 'm looking for a job as a research ..................
(ASSIST)
11
 Language & Grammar Review
Choose the correct answer.
1 Lee is very ....... ; he is always on time and works 16 Sally is a young mother and finds it hard to
very hard . bring ....... her child .
A patient B reliable C honest A into B up C out
2 It is important to stay ...... . and not panic in an 17 Mike has a successful ....... as a teacher.
emergency. A job B work C career
A brave B polite C calm
18 She has two years of working as a
3 You should never ....... lies. waitress.
A tell B say C speak A interest B internship C experience
4 How ....... your weekends? 19 An ....... designs buildings.
A do you spend B are you spending A author B electrician C architect
C you spend
20 Sarah is thinking of applying .... ... the job.
5 This book is ........ I can't put it down. A to B for C in
A enthusiastic B fascinating C bori ng
21 John ....... for work at 6:30 every morning.
6 Peter usually walks to work ....... ; he doesn't A is lea~ng B leaves Cleave
want to be late.
A carefully B well C quickly 22 He has no work ........
A experience B qualification C duty
7 Nick is ....... in UFOs.
A interested B curious C enthusiastic 23 Sandra is looking forward ....... on holiday next
week.
8 Astronomers use a ....... to study the night sky.
A to go B go C to going
A camera B telescope C camcorder
24 Bob is ....... reliable than Joe.
9 A pilot usually ....... a lot of money.
A more B most C much
A wins B earns C takes
25 Do the questionnaire to find out what job .......
10 Surgeons .... ... on people.
A consider B operate you .
C apply
A suits B fits C matches
11 Freedivers take a ....... breath before they jump
in the water. 26 I ....... of taking up a new hobby.
A deep B big C heavy A thinks B think C am thinking

12 ....... to the cinema with Rachel tonight? 27 Nurses work .. .. .. ..

A Are you going B Do you go C You go A duties Borders C shifts

13 James is going to university in September to 28 No experience is necessary for this job. Full .......
study for a ....... in History. is provided .
A grade B degree C training A knowledge B training C explanation

14 Tom's car is old and often breaks ........ 29 She .. .. .. . well .

A down B up C out A don 't look B doesn 't look C isn't looking

15 Smokejumpers ...... . parachute out of planes to 30 Matt wants to be a fashion .. .... ..

put out fires. A designer B engineer C director
12 A easily B bravely C suddenly
 Reading Task
(Matching headings to paragraphs)
Read the information about an unusual hobby.
Ird to
Match the paragraphs (1-8) with their correct
headings (A-I). One heading does not match.

as a

~nce

!ct
:IJ Most children love a classic treasure hunt. They go back hundreds of years. The thrill of finding treasure is a passion
for many people both young and old. Geocaching brings this passion to life in a hi-tech treasure hunt. Anyone with
a little knowledge of high technology can play and enjoy the classic fun of a real treasure hunt.
}:=J Players of geocaching need a GPS (Global Positioning System) which is an electronic system (now available in
most mobile phones) that locates a position on a map and guides you there. They also need access to the Internet
to learn the locations of the various treasures or "caches" on the many geocaching websites that list them.

IJ Geocachers or treasure hunters look up locations of caches on various websites and type their positions into their
GPS. They then go in search of the cache in different places around the UK or even other countries. Hunters arrive
, next
within metres of the cache with the help of their GPS. Then, the old -fashioned search for the treasure begins.

Ig IJ So what are the caches? Usually they are small boxes that contain inexpensive toys and stuffed animals. All caches

I I::J
have a visitor book or 'log book' which visitors use to record their adventure. Sizes of caches range from tiny boxes,
the size of a ring box, to large containers like a plastic ice cream tub.
It may sound easy to find caches with the use of a GPS, but don't be fooled. Caches are often in tricky spots and
....... are not so easy to find. Websites rank the difficulty of a cache's location depending on how challenging the
surrounding area is, such as climbing a mountain or crossing a river, and on how difficult it is to actually find the
treasure once the hunter is in the location. Websites also provide clues to help the hunters in their quest.
~s

rJ These tricky spots and clever clues bring a sense of adventure to the game. The real joy of geocaching is the trail
hunters follow and the new places they explore that makes it all worth it. It's not the contents of the caches that
lking attract people to this hobby, but rather the adventure of finding them.
[I[JAnother aspect of the game is hiding the cache. Anyone can hide
A 'NSIDE THE TREASURE one. They just need to take an item and make a cache then hide it. Next
they list the location and any clues they want to leave on one of the
8 THE HUNT
geocaching websites, so hunters can begin to search for the cache.
( THE HIDING PLACES
o HARMFUL HUNTING [ill With all this adventure it's not hard to understand why so many
3tion
E A MODERN LOOK AT AN OLD GAME people are choosing geocaching as their new hobby. So what do you
need to know to start geocaching? First, visit one of the websites and
f TREASURE HIDERS
)king sign up. Next, search for a cache and follow the instructions. Get a
6 HIGH TECH TOOLS
GPS and a few friends. You are now ready to go .... Happy Hunting!!
It HOW TO JOIN THE FUN
I THE FUN IS IN GETTING THERE

13
 ~)
~

cabu/arv Use some of the phrases in the

correct form to complete the email.
a) Match the
1
phrases.
Shannon's Blog > latest posts> travel plans
A
11 I I feed I'm thinking of booking two weeks in a hotel at
Wavecrest Bay next month. Does anyone know what
121 I eat B on a boat trip it's like there?
13 1 I get bitten
C friends with Comments (2)
I went there last year, Shannon, and I had the holiday
141 1get caught the locals of a lifetime. I'm a really sociable person so I
5 make 0 spicy food 1) ...... .. ................ .... ..... easily. They recommended that
E the wrong bus I 2) .... ............................. to Seal Island. The water was a bit rough and I
6 stay 3) .............. ................... , but I felt much better when I arrived on the island
F backpack
7 go and saw the amazing seals there. You have to go!
stolen
Posted by: Amy-B, 5/19, 10:41
8 catch G in bad weather You were lucky, Amy! We 4) .................................. The rooms were small,
H seasick the service was terrible and the food was awful. When the sun went down,
91 get
by mosquitoes ~ all the insects came out. We 5) ............................... every night! One day
10 1 get your we went out for a walk and we 6) ............................... and had to walk
J wild monkeys
- - back in the pouring rain. I won 't go back to Wavecrest Bay ever again!
-- Posted by: Chrissy-K, 5/23, 17:54

Choose the correct word.

1 Conrad divided/shared some of
4 Put the verbs in the list in the past continuous to
his travel experiences with us.
2 We grabbed/caught the wrong
train and ended up in Paris.
3 Let's go inside the mosquitoes are
biting/stinging me.
4 They wind was puffing/blowing
all night.
5 It took me several hours to reach/
arrive the town.
3 Choose the correct
preposition.
mar
complete the sentences.
• eat • drive • take • sleep • swim
1 Yesterday at 2 o'clock, I ....... ..... ....... ........... .. .. ... .................... ..
in the sea.
2 We ............................... .... .......................... along a small road
when our car broken down.
3 Marsha ........... ......... .......... .. ................ .. .. ............ . lunch when
her backpack got stolen.
4 I .. ................. ..... .... .. .. ............. pictures at the museum all day.
5 They .... ............... .... .. .. ......................... yesterday at 1 o'clock.

1 Let's head back at/to the hotel.

2 Our tour bus passed by/on some
old ruins.
3 The old temple is atlin the middle
of nowhere.
4 Suddenly, there were hundreds of
mosquitoes buzzing around/from
us.
5 The monkey ran atlinto the
jungle.
o Listen and match the statements (A-F) to the
speakers (1-5). There is one extra statement.
\
A The speaker was surprised that they liked something.
B The speaker missed something they wanted to see.
C The speaker spent the whole holiday in the hotel.
o The speaker did something they don't want to do again .
E The speaker made a mistake but made some friends.
F The speaker had an unexpected stay somewhere.
1 2 3 4 5

14
 ~) ~
~

e '''''I'It"ularv Choose the correct prepos ition.

Fill in: investors, user-friendly, 1 It all started at/with a discussion about making the Internet
commitment, popularity, easier to use.
s performance, headquarters, 2 They listed the results according to/with popularity.
brainchild. 3 They disagree on/for most issues about the Internet.
Nwhat 4 The first ten results appeared at/on the webpage.
This amazing new website is the
5 John was inspired by/with a website he saw and started his
..... ...... .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. of two sisters
own online business.
holiday from London.
6 She responded by/to my request with an email.
2 Social networking sites are
ded that growing in ...... .. ....................... .. .
Id I
land
3 They both share a(n) .... ................ . G,.ommQ,.
.. .. .............. to improving Internet
safety.
4 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past
;mall, continuous .
4 The small business is looking for
jown,
support from ............................. .
~~~.~~
3 day
to walk 5 I like this laptop because of its
lr again! speedy ............ ............. ............. .
6

7
The company's new .................... .
are in San Diego, California.
This mobile phone is very .. .. ...... ..
You
anyone can
understand it.
-
~jijrt --.-
~ ~ . ~
-
In 2005, three young men, Chad Hurley, Steve Chan and Jawed
Choose the correct word.
Karim, 1) ................................................. (establish) the website
A lot of friends listed/supported 'YouTube.' The men 2) ..................................... (meet) while they
I road them in their effort to create a 3) ............... ...... .. .......... (work) at another Internet company. They
search engine. 4) .. ..... .. .................... ........... (share) ideas about the Internet when

when 2 Tim's success is showing/ they 5) .......... ........................... ........... .. (realise) that it was not
considering no sign of fading . easy to post and share video clips on the Internet. So, the men
3 Gary calculatedllaunched a new 6) .. .................................... (decide) to create a website to do
II day.
website last month . exactly that. In February 2005, they 7) ........ .. ...................... .......... ..
clock.
4 A lot of film studios are now using (register) youtube.com and 8) ..................................... ......... ... (go)
Facebook to start/promote their online. YouTube 9) ....... .. .................. ......................... (become) an
films . instant success as it was user-friendly with a modern design.
the Everyday, while more and more people 10) .......................... ......... ..
5 Peter received/responded a lot of
criticism for his actions. (upload) videos to the site, even more people 11) ........................ .
.. ....................................... (watch) the videos. After only a few
6 Use more than one social
months online, YouTube videos 12) .............................................. ..
networking site to inspire/
(attract) more than 130 million viewers. In 2006, the three
expand your list of contacts.
founders of YouTube 13) ............ ................. .. .. ... .................. (sell)
in. Th e company realised/managed
their company to Google for 1.65 billion US dollars! YouTube is
th at it needed a trendy design for
the third most visited website on the Internet after Google and
it s website.
Facebook!
E Th ey decided/insisted that it was
heir idea to create the website .
15
 Vocabularv 3 Choose the correct preposition.

1 Look at the performances below and label
the pictures.
• a play • a rock concert • an opera • a musical
• a classical music concert • a ballet
1 She can play the piano by/on ear.
2 She dreamed for/of fame .
3 She performed in/for clubs.
4 She has a talent about/for writing songs.
5 Her success shows no signs oflin slowing down .

Everyday English
4 * Complete the dialogue with the correct
item. One sentence isn't necessary.

• It was fantastic • It was nothing special

• What did you do on Saturday
• I left early • I went to a play

Sarah: Hi, Steven - it's Sarah. I tried calling you

on Saturday night, but you were out.
Steven: Oh hi, Sarah! Yes. 1) .... ....................... ..

Sarah: Really? What was it like?

Steven: 2) ............ .. ...................... The actors
were amazing. 3) ................ ................ ?
Sarah: Oh, I stayed home and watched a DVD.
Steven: Did you enjoy it?
Sarah: Not really. 4) ................. .... .......... .. .... .. .
Listen, do you want to play tennis later?
Steven: Sure !

5 * Write a new dialogue similar to the

Fill in: earned, grabbed, develop, followed, one in Ex. 4. Use the plan below.
turning, start,-=-e:
d .~_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•

o
2
Lady Gaga .. ......................... her dream of
becoming famous.
The .............................. point came after
people saw her website.
"
Say who it is & explain
you tried calling on
Friday.
Greet A & say where
you were.

Express surprise & Give your opinion & ask

3 She soon ............................ the attention ask B what it was like what A did on Friday.

4
of a lot of people and had her own fan club.
She .................................... her livi ng as
a songwriter.
Say what you did.
Repl y. Suggest dOing
someth ing later.
< Ask if A enjoyed what
he/she did .
Agree .
S She worked hard to
her own image.
6 Her luck ................................. to change
when she began writing songs.

16
 l":

'a ppa1l
:: ... opet shows all over the world entertain both children and adults [IT]
Olr".,., ~ )
----.J

=.-d are an important part of many countries' traditions. But there is no
:::-er show quite like the Vietnamese Water Puppet Theatre. As the
: ~opets act out myths, legends and tales of everyday life, they appear
= (lance on a stage full of water!
rJ
SU1amese Water Puppet Theatre has a very long history. It started
=.-:lund a thousand years ago when farmers discovered that flooded
own.
- ')g fields made a perfect stage for puppet shows. The flooded rice
The handmade wooden puppets can be over 1 metre tall and
weigh as much as 15 kg. They often have a glossy finish to
protect them from the water. Nothing protects the eight
puppeteers standing behind the scenery, though - they spend
the whole two-hour show up to their waists in a pool of water.
[I[J
The puppeteers tell many different tales during a typical
performance. Many are stories about fishing and farming, or

.::=-os were perfect because they could hide the puppets' strings and legends and national history .
2 '1lboo rods under the water. Over the years, the puppet shows [IT]
:~ e more popular and there were competitions for the best one.
There is also a traditional orchestra to one side of the stage
ect that accompanies the action and a firework display as a finale.
J::=J
: Hadays, audiences don't need to go to rice fields to see a Vietnamese Water Puppet Theatre is one part of Vietnam's
:-=-""ormance. There are moveable stages and buildings that have cultural heritage that visitors shouldn't miss.
z~s specially designed for water puppets. The surface of the water
- "'ese tanks is more than just a stage for the puppets. Hidden
__ . ~ a bamboo wall, the puppeteers can create splashes
:'. 8$ that add to the excitement, just like special effects in the
ollywood blockbuster!
l you ~~----..-
Jt.

~ .~
Readina Vocabu/~rr
ctors Read the text and match 3 Label the picture with the words in the list.
...... ? the paragraphs (1-6) with their
)VD. correct heading (A-G). There is • stage • lighting • curtain • actor • costume • props
one extra heading.
,',O RK ING WITH WATER
ater?
! THE ORIGINS OF AN ART FORM

---1 I CARVING A CHARACTER

@ MUSIC AND LIGHTS
1e
!) THE STARS OF THE SHOW
® ONE OF A KIND
@ TRADITIONAL STORIES

re Read again and mark the

rammar
statements T (true) or F (false).
4 Make sentences about the theatre during the time
e Water Puppet Theatre is
& ask of William Shakespeare using used to/didn't use to and
elatively new.
lay. these verbs: perform, attract, pay, get, be.
.. - he Water Puppet Theatre
'hat 1 Plays .... ...................................... .... .. .... . up to 3,000 people.
,art ed in the countryside.
Iy country people watch 2 The audience .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... ............ quiet and often
: ne shows. shouted at the actors.
- - 'l e surface of the water is 3 People ...... .. .... ...... .. .. .. ...... .... .... .. .... just one penny to stand
:::>: all y still. in front of the stage.
- - ere are firewo rk s at t he 4 The Globe Theatre didn't have a roof and audiences .......... .
':2ginn in g of eac h ............... .. .... .. .. .. ... .... ...... .. ............. .. .. ... wet when it rained .
:2riormance . 5 Women ................ .... .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. ; the actors were all men.
17
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 a) * Match the words to form phrases. 3 Put t he verbs in brackets into the past
perfect or t he past perfect continuous.

[IT] ghost A city 1 A: Why was Ji ll so frightened last night?

[IT] medieval B streets B: Oh, she t hought she ...... .... ..... .......... .. .... .. .. .
[]I] ancient C story (see) a ghost.
[KJ cobbled D city walls 2 A: How long .... .... .. .. ... ... .... ......... (they/know)
[IT] haunted E cathedrals abo ut t he ghost before they finally moved?
B: Ab out a yea r.

b) * Complete the sentences with the

phrases from Ex. 1a.
3 A: Did you get to the cinema on time?
B: No, the horror film ............................ .... ..... .
(already/start) by the time we got there.
1 York's .. .................. .............................. are over
4 A: Jenny looked so scared when I saw her after
3 km in length .
t he power cut.
2 Jane and Evan walked along the ... .... ........ ... .... .
B: That's because she .................. .......... ......... .
.. .................. ............... of the old town.
(wait) fo r over an hour in the lift before
3 The ................................................. . in England
someone came to help her.
have beautiful stained glass windows.
4 Tommy found the ...... .................. .. ...... ...... .. ... .. . 4 Put th e verbs in brackets into the past
very frightening. simple, past continuous, past perfect or the
S The next time you find yourself in a ... ............. . past perfect continuous .
............................ .. ... ... .......... like York; go on a
ghost walk.

Choose the correct word.

1 Millions of tourists visit the historic/historical

city for its rich architecture.
2 Treasurer's House is a popular/typical tourist
One rainy night last spring,
attraction.
Paul and his sister Karen
3 The Romans created/founded the city of York 1) ......................................... (drive)
in 71 AD . home from a concert when their car
4 Tom and Marcy spent the day just wondering/ 2) ................................... (break down). They 3) ................................... .
wandering around the town . (decide) to go for help. They 4) ............................... (walk) for about
an hour when they 5) ................................ (arrive) at a large spooky
S Tourists come to York to go on ghost walks/ house with lights on near the road. They 6) ....................................... .
marches at night. (rush) to the front door and 7) ............................................. (ring) the
6 Ryan wanted to visit the ghostly/haunted doorbell. An old woman 8) ........................................... (answer). She
castle. 9) .................................................. (wear) a long grey dress and she
10) ................................. (smile). She 11) .................................... (look)
7 Harry Martindale's history/story of the Roman
at Paul and Karen and 12) ............................. (point) to the food on
soldiers is famous in York . the dining room table. Paul and Karen 13) ........................................ - ,
....

8 After seeing a ghost the boys ran out of the
house, terrified/afraid!
9 The soldiers marched into battle carrying/
bringing their weapons.
10 The plumber screamed when he observed/
noticed that the soldiers had no legs.
18
(not/eat) anything since lunch, so they 14) ......................................
(feel) very hungry. Paul 15) ........................................ (turn) to thank
the lady but she 16) ................................. ...................... (disappear).
Suddenly, the lights 17) .......................................... (go) out and Paul
and Karen 18) ................................................. (hear) a loud scream.
Terrified, they 19) .......................................... (run) quickly out of the
house. Afterwards, they 20) ....................................... (find) out that
no one 21) ............................... (live) in that house for over 50 years~
 ~)
----.J

Vocabulary Everyday English

ast Complete the crossword with the type 3 ~ Choose the correct response.
of books. 1 A: Do you recommend this book?
B: a Alright.
b Yes, it's great!
4 6
2 A: Are you enjoying the book?
H R
now) B: a It's an adventure novel.
lved? b I can't put it down.
3 A: Do you like to read comics?
B: a I don't really like them .
b It isn't that good, really.
~re.
4 A: Do you prefer science fiction novels?
rafter B: a Yes, they're great!
b It's amazing!
5 A: Is your book good?
before
B: a I often read crime thrillers.
b It's a bit dull.
" l.Joss
last - ::look ...
e • which is about a magical world .
3 th at is about criminal activities.
g which contains exciting, unexpected events. 4 * Ask and answer questions with the
correct phrase.
9 that is about a true story.
• I really love it.
n
:!_ ::ook ... • What's it about?
2 about events that take place in the future. • What are you reading, Nancy?
hat is very frightening . • Is it good?
hich is quite old but still popular.
- which is about a love story.
whi ch is a story of someone's life.

Liste"ing
or about
~ spooky o You will hear an interview about a A: 1) .......................................... .

social networking site. Listen and mark the

ring) the B: It's a fantasy novel called
sentences T (true) or F (false).
ver). She Stardust by Neil Gaiman.
and she
True False
A: 2) .......................................... .
... (look) ~ a vedislikes the fact that tweets
food on are short.
B: It's about a young man who searches for a
~ )ave uses twitter to meet new fallen star in order to win the girl of his
dreams.
::leo ple.
to thank 3) .................... ............... ... .... ..... .................. ..
appear). • 'ave has his own blog .
Yes, it's fantastic! 4) ..................................... .
mdPaul ave thinks businesses should
scream. ...;se Twitter to advertise.
ut of the =: - .,ere are more tweets than
out that
50 years! .•',itter users per day.
19
----J
 Writing (a storY)
1 Read the story and put the events
(A-E) in the order they happened (1-5).
Friendly Gho t by Steven Harper
~ One morning last spring, my class and I went on a tour of
the Grand Opera House. When we arrived, it was raining hard, so
we ran inside.
~ We walked through a dark corridor to the stage. The opera
house was empty and quiet. My friend Roger and I were at the
back of the group when we heard a loud noise at the bottom of
the stairs. We ran quickly down the stairs but we didn't see
anything. When we returned to the stage area our class had
already left.
~ We wandered to the back of the stage to look for our class.
Suddenly, Roger and I felt something push us and we fell
forward. Next, we heard a loud crash and realised that a set of
stage lights had fallen right where we were standing. When we
got up we saw a dark figure wearing a long black cape. It
2 Read the story again and say which
paragraph tells us:
1 when and where the story took place?
2 how the writer felt about what happened? ......
3 what the cl imax event was?
3 Choose an appropriate adjective/adverb
from the list to replace the words in bold in
the paragraph.
• roaring • horrible • extremely • relaxing
• quickly • terrifying • chilly • heavily
We ran 1) fast into a(n) 2) very large living room in the
haunted castle. It was a dark and 3) scary room with lots
of antique paintings on the wall. The only light in the
room came from the 4) hot fire in the fireplace. It was i
snowing 5) a lot outside and it was 6) very cold in the
castle. We sat on a 7) comfortable sofa next to the
fireplace to warm up and hoped that the 8) bad ghost
would never appear again.
4 Use the words/phrases to write a
paragraph setting the scene for a story:
Sunday morning, My friend Jim and I, warm sunny
day, visit History Museum .
20
walked across the stage and disappeared through the wall.
Roger and I looked at each other in shock. Just then we heard
our teacher calling for us. We told our teacher about the stage
lights and rejoined our class. Later, the opera guide told us about
the opera's ghost, Count Ferguson! He was a great opera singer
that performed at the opera house in the eighteenth century.
The guide explained that he was a friendly ghost who wandered
around the opera house in a long black cape.
~ Right then and there, Roger and I realised that we had
seen a ghost! The ghost of Count Ferguson had saved us from
the falling lights. We felt terrified and relieved at the same time.
We'll never forget this experience.
5 Put the events in the correct order.
[]!] We saw an older man wearing old-fashioned
clothes.lHe wa s pointing to the painting.
~ We started shakin g.lWe had seen a ghost.
[IIJ He was the same man in the painting!/When
we turn ed around he had disappeared.
~ Jim and I were wa lking around the museum.!
Suddenly, someone tapped Jim on the
shoulder.
6 ** Read the rubric and use the paragraph
you wrote in Ex. 4, the events in Ex. 5, and
the sentences in the Useful language box to
write your story.
Ir---------------------~
Write a story about a frigh tening experience I
I with a ghost (120-150 words). I
I I
I Para 1: set the scene: characters, when/where :
: Para 2: describe th e events I
I Para 3: describe fee lin gs/endin g I
~---------------------~
Useful language
Setting the seen: Last Sunday morning Ji m and I.. ., it
was a... day, we decided to .. .
Events: We were ... , Suddenly ... , we saw .. . then .. .
Feelings: Right then and there ... , we felt...
 Vocabulary
1 * Choose the correct word . I Notions & Functions
Users can personalise/build their profile by
I Choose the correct response.
adding a photo of themselves.

I
2 Before you can connect with others online you 1 A: What did you do on Saturday?
must create/do an profi le. B: a I tried calling you.
3 Emma wants to browse/post for new contacts b I just stayed home.
on Facebook.

I
wall. 2 A: Did you enjoy the ballet?
4 You can share/lend information about yourself B: a Not really.
leard
on MySpace. b No problem.
5tage
5 Companies can promote/help their brands on
Ibout

I
social networking sites. 3 A: I went to a classical music concert.
inger
B: a What was it like?
ltUry.
b It was nothing special.
jered
Choose the correct particle. 4 A: What did you think of it?
~ had
from
time. I 2
Don't give up/away your personal information
online.
Sarah tried calling customer service, but couldn't
I B: a It was great.
b No way.

5 A: Do you want to go for a walk?

get on/through. B: a Sure.
3 Their holiday plans fell out/through on account b I really love it.
of the stormy weather.
6 A: What are you reading, Luke?
4 Tom gets away/along with everyone because
lioned B: a A crime thriller.
he is so understanding .
19 . b I can't put it down .
5 He must give up/away smoking; it's bad for his
ost.
health.

I
'When 7 A: How's the book?
6 Jill fell int%ut with Bob and now they aren't B: a It's a fantasy novel.
speaking. b It's boring .
ieum.l
1 the I 8 A: Was the musical any good?
B: a I really enjoyed it.

jraph
3 ..... Fill in the correct word derived from the I b I don't believe it.
word in brackets.

I
and 9 A: What do you think of the website?
x to Many people use the internet to search for B: a It's fantastic.
... ... ... ................. ..... .. opportunities. (EMPLOY) b I enjoy reading.
2 Spending hours online can be harmful due to the
--"I

I
ence lack of personal ... ............ ............. (INTERACT) 10 A: The dancers were amazing .
I B: a What's the problem?
I 3 For hours of ..... .. .. .. .... .................... .. ... , try this
re I computer game. (AMUSE) b Really?
I
I t! Membership ............. ... ... ............... is quick and

-_ ..I
easy online. (RENEW)
5 Peter's parents set up a website to inform
people about the .................. .. .. ... ........... ..........
., it of their son . (DISAPPEAR)

21
 Quaqe & Grammar Review
Choose the correct answer.

1 She was tired because she ....... on the computer. 16 I don't like ...... .... novels. prefer modern
A had been working B was working books.
C worked A biography B classic C non-fiction

2 Larry and Sergey ....... at college when they met. 17 After lunch, we ...... back to the hotel.
A were studying B studied C study A headed B passed C changed
3 Bees were ...... all around . 18 ...... to watch a lot of cartoons when you were
A stinging B biting C buzzing young?
4 Did you have a good time at the ballet? A Did you use B Do you use C You use
A It was fantastic. B Yes, it's great. 19 Chinese opera began in .. .... times.
C I couldn't put it down. A historical B ancient C past
5 Terry ...... to travel a lot when he was younger. 20 In the story, a snake ...... in love with a human.
A didn't use B don't use C not use A caught B dropped C fell
6 Chinese opera started ...... in the streets.
21 Didn't you ...... to love spicy food?
A over Bout C up A used B use C using
7 Amy ...... the wrong train home.
22 He was upset because he ...... a ghost!
A found B made C caught
A had seen B had been seeing
8 Our plans to travel abroad fell .... .. at the last C was seeing
minute.
23 I felt ...... when I finally found my hotel.
A out B off C through
A relieved B outrageous C frustrated
9 Sam left for the airport ...... a hurry.
24 Dad is trying to give .. .... smoking.
A in B at C on
A up Bout C away
10 Mary gets ...... really well with her brother Mike.
25 What was the concert like?
A through B away C along
A Not really. B Sure!
11 .. .... a shower. when the phone rang? C It was nothing special.
A Were you having B Did you have
C Did you use to have 26 The locals greeted us as we got .. .... the boat.
A off B through C away
12 The ...... rose and the performance began.
A stage B curtain C scenery 27 Jamie usually friends with the locals on
holiday.
13 Larry and Sergey ...... their office in a garage. A does B makes C gets
A got on B set up C put across
28 My trip to Venezuela was an amazing ........
14 Sarah tried to call Andy, but she couldn't get
A happening B event C experience

A through B off C on 29 What's your ...... name on Facebook?

A password B log in C network
15 Sue was listening to her Lady Gaga CD when
Andy ....... 30 I don 't like boats because I ...... seasick.
A had called B called C was calling A get B have C take

22

~~Qdino
Read the text. For each question choose the right
answer A, 8, Cor D.
lOdern
iction
led
J were
se
: ' 's Queen Mary is a floating piece of history, full of great
:::- es about her travels, However, some of those who try to tell
--=se stories are not your usual historians. In fact, they are not
man.
? =~ alive. They are ghosts! Yes many people believe that the
__ =-en Mary is a haunted ship.
_ ~n struction of this 305 metre-long ship began in 1930 in a
:: --:51 shipyard. The Queen Mary made her first journey as a
_'Y passenger liner in 1936. As a lUxury liner the Queen Mary
::.s 10St to many famous people from royalty to film stars. The
- ,""3f1 temporarily stopped her passenger service from 1940 to
:eing
;....0 due to the Second World War. However, in World War 11 she
~=-, ea as a transport ship for troops to various military
:.=.-::Jaigns. Due to her great speed she was able to outrace
?-,=-y submarines. Towards the end of the war, she also
ated
~-,S;)()rted 20,000 wartime brides and their babies to the US and
·:~-2.0a. During wartime the British army painted the massive ship
;-=. so she could go unnoticed by enemy ships. Hence she
=.:.,-9(l the nickname the 'Grey Ghost'. At the end of the war the
- ~---:I ship returned to work as a lUxury cruise liner until her last
_ =.;e in 1967 to Long Beach, California where the British sold
oat. • Th e Queen Mary first sailed in
A 1930. B 1936. C 1940. D 1946.
During WWII the Queen Mary
:als on
A was the home to many famous people.
S fought enemy submarines.
( carried soldiers to different locations.
D returned soldiers to the US and Canada .
'ience
e Queen Mary got the name the 'Grey Ghost'
A because of reports of various ghosts on board.
ork S due to the way the British disguised her in
the war.
e because of her large size and slow speed.
) from the Americans as a new name for a hotel.
---)
~
Task (Multip/p. Choice)
her to the Americans. Stories of ghosts "on board were already
common and the Americans permanently docked the ship in
Long Beach. Today, it acts as museum and a lUXUry hotel.
In the past 60 years, the ship has had 49 reported deaths on
board. There are reports of as many as 150 ghosts on the ship,
making the Queen Mary one of the most haunted places in the
world. Some of the more famous haunted areas include the
ship's swimming pools, where many visitors report sightings of
women ghosts and sounds of voices and splashing coming
from the pool. Various visitors to the ship describe seeing ghost
children in the forward storage rooms. Guests in the hotel often
see a beautiful woman ghost in a white gown dancing in the
Queen's Salon. At the bottom of the Ship in the engine room
there is 'door number 13'. It was the site of an unlucky accident
where a young crewman by the name of John Pedder died.
Door number 13 crushed him and visitors often witness
Pedder's ghost running towards the door and then
disappearing. Another very popular haunted spot on the ship is
room B340. An unsolved murder occurred there years ago. Due
to the strange activities that occur in the room, the hotel no
longer offers it to visitors.
Chances of seeing a ghost are quite high on the Queen Mary
and it is one of the reasons so many tourists visit the famous
ship every year. The ghosts of the past await visitors who dare to
board the 'Grey Ghost' and learn about its amazing stories.
4 There are many reports of ghost children in
A the storage areas.
B the swimming pools.
C the Queen's Salon.
D the engine room.
S 'Door number 13' is a haunted area because
A an unsolved murder took place there.
B someone murdered a crewman there .
C the door accidentally killed a crewman.
D a beautiful young woman died there.
6 The text is typical of
A a history book. C a newspaper article.
B a travel advert. D a mystery novel.
23
 Vocabulary 2 * Look at the symbols, then read the weather forecast

1 * Complete the crossword

with the words related to
and fill in the gaps with the words from the list.

• clouds • spells • drizzle • severe • heavy • rise • dry

weather in the pictures below. • warm • thick

Weather outlook Most parts of the country are enjoying

sunny 1) .. ... .. ............................. today, but
it's all going to change tomorrow as
G 2) .................... ..... blow in from the north.
z The day will start with 3) .......................... ..
fog and light 4) ...................................... .
T W 5) ................................ rain will develop as
the day goes on and then some areas will
have 6) ........ .... .. ................ thunderstorms
~ Tomorrow pm during the night. There will be a nice end
_ _ 14°(
to the week, though, as temperatures
7) .............................. ....... on Friday. The
weekend will be 8) ............................ and
Weekend
9) ................... - the perfect weather for a
(l2°( )
picnic!

3 * Choose the correct word.

1 The moon rises/raises and sets every day.

2 He threatened/warned us that a blizzard was on its way.
3 The temperature will drop/sink below freezing tonight.
4 Marine biologists are studying threatened/extinct species
in the Arctic.
5 Sometimes animals must change/adapt to their environment.

Grammar
4 *present simple
Fill inwill, be going to,the present continuous or the
of the verbs in brackets.

1 A: I need a hot drink to warm myself up.

B: I .. ........ ........ .. ............ .. . (make) you a nice cup of coffee .
2 A: Look at that kite surfer!
B: Oh my, he .................. .. .... ................ (land) in the water!
3 A: I think it .................................. ........ .. ... (rain) tomorrow. ::

B: We shouldn't go on a picnic, then .

4 A: When are you leaving for your adventure weekend?
B: The bus .. .............................. .. .. (set off) on Friday at six.
5 A: My hands are cold.
B: Here, I .......... .............................. ... (lend) you my gloves.
6 A: I ........................ .................. (go) ice cl imbin g tomorrow.
Do you want to come?
B: I .. .. .... .. .... .. .... ............ (think) abo ut it and let you know.
'ecast Vocabulary 3 * Fill in: craze, competitor, rapids, slope,

* Choose the correct word.

gloves, boards, axe.
Volcano surfing is the latest extreme sports
Iry

2 The young quad racing ......................... failed to

joying show up for the event.
ly, but 3 River buggers speed along a river and down
IW as
4 He drove his ice .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......... deep into the
north.
side of the snow covered mountain.
quad racing/wok
S A large group of divers took their ironing
racing 2 volcano surfing/ .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... . underwater to set a world record .
op as kite surfing
6 Ice climbing up a steep .. ....................... is quite
lS will challenging .
orms 7 Without webbed .. .. .... ...... .. ......... it is difficult to
! end control your river bug.
tures
The
and
Grammar
for a
4 * Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. What type of
4 ice climbing/ conditional is each sentence, 0 or 1st?
extreme ironing
1 If you like extreme sports, you

way.
2 a) * Match the words to make phrases.
................... (love) extreme iron ing!
2 Unless the weather gets better, we
'1t. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... ....... (not/go) to the beach .
species ~ metal A track 3 When ocean waves .... .... .... .. (erode)
I J short B clothing cliffs, sea caves form .
nment. JIJ smoking C spikes 4 If you boil water it ...... ............ . (produce)
I:=J world D championship steam.
r:J protective E flippers S If sea levels rise drastically, low-lying
=0 icy F volcano islands ...... .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. . (vanish).
:he
b) ** Use the phrases from Ex. 2a to 6 If Beth comes pa intballing with us, she
................ ....... (have) a great time.
complete the sentences.

:offee. ou must wear .. ....... .... ............. if you want

o ta ke part in volcano surfing . 5 ** Complete the sentences using the 0
and 1st Conditionals and your own ideas.
Nater ! en won the .......... .. .............. in wok racing
orrow. ast week. 1 When it ra ins, .... .. .......... .. ............................. ..
_ - i) e ri ver bugger lost one of his ...... ........ ...... .. . 2 If I have enough time today, .................. .... .. ..
I? ':h en his foot hit a rock.
at six. an heated up the bottom of his wok before 3 If I ................. ... ..... ......... .... .. ...... ............... ... .. .
sDeedi ng down the .. .............. .... .. .. . . 4 Unless I ........ .. ................ ............ .. .............. .. .. .
Jloves. - ~e cli mbing boots have .......................... for
lorrow. :: gging into the ice.
_ - 'le helicopter flew high over the mountain to
know. :3(e pictures of the ...... .................. .. .
25
 Vocabulary Everyday English
1 * Fill in: breathtaking, offer, rocky, footpath,
natural, shelter, wildlife.
4 * Complete the dialogue with the correct
phrases.

1 Book online to take advantage of our special ....... . • Double, please .

of 2 nights for the price of 1! • We look forward to seeing you.
2 Mark admired the ...................................... view • I'd like to book a room, please.
from the top of the mountain. • How much is it per night?
3 There is a .......................................... path that
• How can I help you?
leads to the lake.
• Yes, it does.
4 They enjoyed the .. .................. .. ............... beauty
• What name, please?
of the waterfalls.
5 The girls ran to the wooden ................ ................ . • When for?
to avoid getting wet. • Yes, we have a room on the 2nd floor.
6 The Appalachian Trail has an abundance of .......... .
such as deer and moose. R: Good afternoon - Black Bear Ski Lodge.
7 Beth followed the ................................. through 1) .............................. ................. ................ ..... .
the forest. D: Yes, hello. 2) ............................................ ....... .
2 * Choose the correct word. R:
D:
Of course, sir. 3) ............................................. .
10th January, for three nights.
1 The hikers did/made it all the way across the R: Will that be a single or double room?
valley without stopping to rest. D: 4) .................................................................... .
2 You will get/come lost if you don't stay on the R: All right, let me check what we have available.
hiking trail. 5) ............................... .
3 The wooded area is home/house to deer, moose D: Great. 6) ............................... .
and black bears. R: It's £110 per night.
4 The path moves/passes the forest and leads to D: Does that include breakfast?
an open field. R: 7) ................ ............... .
5 Most domestic animals like cats and dogs are D: OK. Can I book it then, please?
harmless/safe. R: Certainly. 8) ............................... .
D: Tom Davidson.
Listening R: OK. Your booking reference number is 4685537.

3 ** 0 You will hear

D:
9) ................................ .
Thank you. Goodbye.
Cody talking about a
trip he's going on to
the Waitomo Caves in
New Zealand. Listen and
5 ** Imagine you want to book
accommodation at the Meridian Hotel.
write T (true) or F(false). Write a dialogue similar to the one in Ex. 4.
1 Cody is going to New Zealand in two
weeks.
2 Cody will visit the Waitomo Caves for
more than one day.
3 Cody will go in a raft through the caves.
Use the information below.

--
4 Cody will have to take his
own rafting equipment. =
5 Cody hates insects and spiders.

26
 le
Vocabulary Reading
rrect * Fill in: melt, greenhouse, 3 * Read the
text. Five
fo otprint, dissolve, patterns,
threat, exhausts, extinct. sentences are
missing. Match
• The re aren't any wild wolves in
each sentence
Britain anymore. They became
(A-F) to a gap
...... ...................... 250 years ago.
When the polar ice caps ................ . (1-5). There is
the sea level rises. ' one extra
3 Carbo n dioxide is a(n) ............ gas. sentence.
! A lot of animals are losing their
abitats and dying; the number of
ani ma ls under ...................... ...... is
'ncreasi ng all the time.
) We should all try to reduce our
carbon ..... ....................... .
If you're having an
- Car ... ..................... produce gases outdoor party or a picniC, you don't
hat surround the Earth. want a storm to ruin it for you. In the same way,
- Changing weather ....................... . if you're a farmer, you need the sun to shine and the
hreaten a lot of animals with rain to pour at the right time for the best crops. [ID
extinction. Well, some scientists believe that they can do just that!
- Acid rain can even ....................... . One way to control the weather that scientists have already
tilable. used is cloud seeding. [ID When you do this, drops of
he stone we use for buildings.
water in the clouds attach to the particles to make
raindrops. Believe it or not, in China there is a Weather
Modification Office that often uses cloud seeding! []I]
2 * Choose the correct word. In 2008, it used 1,104 cloud-seeding rockets to keep the
opening ceremony of the Olympic Games dry. It seeded the
• Carbon dioxide is dangerous clouds before they got to Beijing, so it didn't rain on the
because it traps/catches heat in athletes. In other places, scientists have also seeded clouds
with dry ice to get rid of fog at airports. [![] In 2009,
he Ea rth's atmosphere.
Chinese meteorologists were trying to create rain in a
15537. - Arctic polar bears are in danger/ drought when a cold front arrived and turned the rain
threat of losing their natural into a heavy snowstorm. Beijing froze and there was
abitat. chaos on the roads!
.., Gree nhouse gases are causing the Some scientists don't
Earth to heat/rise up. believe that we can really A This involves firing a rocket
control the weather, but containing silver iodide into a cloud.
- Power plants burn fossil gases/
others think that in the B If this works, it will reduce the number
fuels like coal to create energy.
:x.4. future, we will be able to of natural disasters like hurricanes and
- Dangerous gases like carbon control it with nanobots or
ioxide surround/hold the planet. microscopic robots. floods.
( So imagine a world in which we could
- - he ice sheets/blankets that These nanobots could
over Greenland and Antarctica make changes in the control the weather!
are melting rapidly. atmosphere and
before they form. 5
rOr siorms
Until
o Cloud seeding can go wrong, though!
E It claims that it has stopped
cientists believe that global
then, though, we'll have to keep hailstorms, ended droughts and even
".a rming may be the cause of an eye on the weather report
ard/extreme weather such as put out fires.
and take an umbrella to our
:"I-ods. F If there's a clear blue sky, cloud
picnics, just in case!
seeding won't work.
27
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 * Find eight camping equipment items. 4 * Put the words in brackets into the
correct conditional tense.
A R W E M U P A N
S U N S C R E E N L 1 A: If I .. ........ .... .......... .... ... .... .... .. ................ ...... .
(have) the time, I would take up white-
B C A U 0 Q N Z S I
water rafting .
A K E N M N K P E G
B: Really? I'm too afraid.
R S R 0 P E N V C H
2 A: James, you're all wet!
K A F M A P A T T B: Well, if I had heard the weather forecast , I
0 C T Z S Y F N W E .. ................ ... ........ ..... ... . (take) an umbrella.
L K T X S T E N T R 3 A: I'm not sure how to get back to the
campsite now.
2 * Fill in : wilderness, shelter, signal, rescue,
supplies, strength, overhead
B: If we ......... .... ...................... .............. ..... ..... .
(stay) on the trail, we wouldn't have lost
1 Luke and his friends saw a large bald eagle our way.
4 A: Tom didn't win the swimming competition.
flying ........ .... ... .... ........ . .
B: Well, if he had trained more, he ................. .
2 All their ..... ... ... .... ............. fell into the river
.. .. .. .. ..... ............... ... ... .. ......... (win) a medal.
when their boat overturned .
5 A: What would you do if you were lost in the
3 The lost boys made a ....... .... .... .. ........... fire
wilderness?
to alert rescuers.
B: I .... .. .. ......... .. ... .............. .................... .. .. ...... .
4 Swimming is a great way to build up your
(build) a signal fire .
physical ... ... ............. ... .. ... . .
5 The Alaskan ........ .................... is made up of 6 A: I have a nasty cut.
B: If I .................. .. ................ ... .. ....... (be) you,
mountains and glaciers.
I would see a doctor.
6 Bob taught his grandson how to build a
... .......... ...... ......... out of branches.
7 The pilot of the .......... .... ... ..... ...... helicopter 5 * Write what each person wishes forI
caught sight of the raft. regrets.

1 We don't have a knife to cut the rope.

3 * Choose the correct word
2 Rick went hiking in the wilderness and got
1 Ryan missedllost his torch and wasn't able to
bitten by mosquitoes.
explore the dark cave.
2 To their horror/alarm, their son had fallen into
3 She didn't eat breakfast and now she feels
the river.
hungry.
3 The man moved/crawled onto the piece of ice
to get out of the cold water.
4 Bob is studying this weekend, but he'd like to
4 The strong current sucked/drew the swimmer
go fishing with his friends .
underwater.
5 He lost control of his small plane and cracked/
5 William left his lifejacket at home and now he
crashed into a tree .
can't go rafting .
6 Luckily, rescuers spotted/recognised the boy
hanging from the side of a cl iff.
6 Alice stayed too long in the sun and got
7 When the diver surfaced/appeared he realised
sunburn.
that the boat had left him behind .

28
 Vocabulary Reading
* Fill in: do, play or go in the correct form. 3 ** Read
the text
Every Sunday my friends and I ........... paintballing
below and
in the country.
mark the
2 You should ......... aqua aerobics; it's great exercise.
white- statements
3 Yesterday she ........ ... zip-lining at the adventure
park. T (true) or F (false).
Do you want to ........ ... cards with us in the park?
5 Susan likes to ........... bird-watching in the forest.
?cast, I
brella.
Listening
to the
2 **
0 You will hear an interview about
an adventure park. For each question
ve lost choose the right answer A, B, Cor D.

What does the radio host say about people and

:ition.
their free time?
A People are scared of trying new things.
medal.
B People lack new ideas of what to do.
: in the
e People don't like doing adventure activities
Zorbing goes back many years.
on Sundays.
There are two balls in a orb.
o People enjoy doing the same things over Zorbing is a quite a safe activity.
and over again. Riders must use safety straps inside
2 The most popular activity at the adventure park is the orb.
e) you,
S In aqua zorbing the orb rolls down a hill
A mini golf. C zip-lining.
of water.
B paintball. o bungee jumping.
r/ 3 A paintball game lasts Speaking
A half an hour.
B forty-five minutes.
C one hour.
o two hours. 4 * Look at the picture and complete the
description with words/phrases from the list.
~ Scott suggests finishing a day at the park • a great time • in a park • summer clothes
nd got A with a meal at a park restaurant. • family • three people • picnic • green trees
B zip-lining through the forest. • warm • in front of them
e by playing mini golf.
le feels o at the climbing wall. In the photo, there are 1) ................ ..
sitting on a blanket on the grass. I
- What does $cott think about zip-lining? think they are probably a 2) ............ .
A It's not very safe. and they are having a 3) ................. .
I like to
B It's not for people afraid of heights. It looks like they are 4) .................... ..
C It's the most exciting of all activities. with all the 5) .............. behind them.
o It's quite a tiring experience. It's probably 6) ..................... outside
now he as they are wearing 7) .................... .
- At the adventure park children can't
There is a dog lying 8) .................... ..
A go paintballing.
and they are playing with it. They are
nd got B go zip-lining. all laughing and smiling, so I think
C use the climbing walls. they are having 9) ........................... !
D go bungee jumping.
 Writing (a semi-formal email asking 3 * Read again. Which paragraph(s) contain(s):

for information) 1 Ann 's questions?

2 her reason for writing?
CRUISE to ANTARCTICA
3 her closing comments?
Take the voyage of a lifetime and 4 her opening comments?
experience the breathtaking scenery and
amazing wildlife of the Antarctic.
Regular departures throughout the year
4 * Read the rubric, the advert and
the notes. Then write the
with luxury accommodation available on
modern cruisers. questions you want to ask in full.
p-------------
Write an email asking for
.
information. Include:
• reason for writing
• your questions
• your closing comments
1 * Read the advert and Ann's email below
._-----------
Against the Tide Diuing
and answer the questions.
Centre
1 What is the advert for? .. .. .... .......................... .. Come and enjoy an amazing
2 What is the purpose of Ann's email? .............. .. diving experience off the coast
of Cornwall. Diving for young &
3 What style is it in, in formal, semi-formal or old . experienced divers &
beginners.
formal? .. .... ... ..... ... .... .. .... ......................... ... ..... .
Dive from the shore or from a
4 How does she start & end her email? .. .. ........ .. .
/o
-:--"'-' h0at. Also take part in a variety
...................................... ............ .............. .......... / ays
open of different water sports .
eo.
To: Tom - Open six days a week.
From: Ann Simms ~~ Accommodation available.
Subject: Cruise to Antarctica - email Janeat:jane@atdc.com
Dear Tom. 1
1) I saw your advert for cruises to Antarctica and 2) I want to
go. However. 3) I want to ask a few things first. 2 .... ..... .......... ... ..... ...... .... .... ....... ......... ... .
Could you please tell me how much the trip costs? Also.
where are the departures from exactly? 3 .... ....................................................... ..
The advert mentfons small groups and extra activities.
How many people are in each group? Lastly. what extra 4 ...... .. ... ... ... .. .................... .......... .. ......... .
activities are available?
4) Thanks. 5) Write back soon.
Best wishes.
Ann Simms
5 ** Use the rubric and your answers in
Ex. 4 and the sentences from the Useful
language box to write an email asking for
2 * Replace the phrases in bold in the email
with the ones below to correct the register.
information. Use the email in Ex. 1 as a
model (120-150 words) .

[KO I read your advertisement. Useful language

[ [ [ ] Thank you for your time. Reason for questions: I read ... I wo uld like to .. .
CfrJ I look forward to hearing from you . Questions: Could you please tel l me ... , Also ... , The
[ [ [ ] I am thinking of joining the cruise. advert mentions ... , Wh ich days... , Last ly...
[]I] I would like to ask a few questions about it. Cl osing comments: Thank yo u ... , I look forward to ...

30
 ltain(s):
Vocabulary
1 * Choose the correct word. Notions & Functions
A large piece of ice broke off from the side of Choose the correct response.
the cliff/glacier and fell into the ocean .
2 Acid rain slowly dissolves/melts limestone. 1 A: Does that include breakfast?
3 The columns found in caves take millions of B: a Let me check what we have available.
years to form/design. b No, I'm sorry it doesn't.
Rick dug a large hole/crack in the ground. 2 A: How far away is the restaurant?
S The course teaches people how to survivellive B: a It's about ten minutes by car.
in the wilderness . b No, it isn't.
, In early spring water drips/hangs from melting
ice. 3 A: I'd like to book a room please.
The calcite in the caves hardens/toughens B: a OK. Can I book it then?
overtime. b Sure. When for?
8 The explorer got down on his knees and 4 A: How about joining me for a game of tennis?
climbed/crawled into the cave . B: a Yes, that's good!

2 * Choose the correct particle.

b Sure, I'd love to!

5 A: Can I book it please?

Let's go around/over the answers to these B: a It's £65.
qu estions. b Certainly, What name please?
Jeff is looking for/up a T-shirt in his rucksack.
3 My alarm clock is set to go off/over at 7 am. 6 A: How can I help you?
! You should look up/after the definition in your
B: a I'd like to make a reservation.
di ctionary. b Single, please.
- A bomb went off/over and destroyed the 7 A: We look forward to seeing you.
bui lding. B: a OK. Thank you.
Do n't worry, there is enough cake to go around/ b Yes, of course.
off.
he researcher looked after/through his files
S A: We have a room on the 2nd floor.
B: a How much is it per night?
or the document.
b Your booking reference is 3545699
* Fill in the correct word derived from the 9 A: Do you want a single or double room?
word in brackets. B: a 12th May for three nights.
e is very ........................................................ . b A double please.

; in about his scientific experiment. (SECRET) 10 A: Can I have your name, please?
:ul - - Lis is a list of marine animals in ... ... ...... ...... . B: a Yes. We're two people.
} for rder. (ALPHABET) b Yes, Mark Fullerton.
:a • -ne athlete is very ..................................... and
es to train at the gym. (ENERGY)
- :"cid rain is ............................................. to the
::1vironment. (HARM)
3vi d is so .. ................................... ; he doesn't
., The :' 'nk about anyone else but himself. (SELF)
; -"'ey usually stay home on .............................. .
I to ...
::3 / 5. (RAIN)
31
 Language & Grammar Review
Choose the correct answer.

1 There was such ..... fog that I could hardly see 15 Greenhouse gases .. .. . the Earth like a blanket.
where I was driving. A trap B vanish C surround
A thick B hard C dark 16 Adelie penguins are .... . danger in the Antarctic.
2 It is ..... cold today. A at B in C under
A freezing B mild C boiling 17 If you like snowboarding, you ..... volcano surfing!
3 The leaves blew gently in the ....... A love B are loving C '1Ilove
A breeze B gale C storm 18 Scientists hope to ..... more troglobites in caves.
4 Sam's flight ..... at 5 pm. A adapt B discover C form
A leaves B is going to leave 19 The sun never .. ... in the summer in Antarctica.
C will leave A sets B drops C falls
5 The burning of fossil ..... produces carbon dioxide. 20 There is a ..... when there is no rain for a long time.
A gases B fuels C fumes A blizzard B thunderstorm C drought
6 Unless Tom trains hard, he ..... the surfing 21 Don't eat that meat; it's gone ..... !
competition. A over B down C off
A will win B doesn't win C won't win
22 When people burn fossil fuels, pollution .......
7 On the Appalachian Trail, there are lots of white A increases B is increasing C will increase
signs so that you don't .. .. . lost.
A get B be C have 23 I wish I ..... my rucksack at home.
A don't leave B hadn't left
8 Don't ..... up the heat - wear more clothes instead! C didn't leave
A turn B put C push
24 If you .. ... protective clothing while volcano
9 There might not be any polar bears in 100 years, surfing, you wouldn't have hurt yourself.
and many other animals may become .. ... , too. A wear B had worn C wore
A extinct B threat C trouble
25 A .. ... is a short period of rain.
10 Do you want to ..... cards? A shower B flood C drizzle
A do .. B go C play
26 .. .. . coyotes and bobcats - they're dangerous.
11 A: I'd like to book a room. A Prevent B Escape C Avoid
B:
A Certainly. What dates? B That's fine. 27 If Sam ..... his school project, he can go out.
C How can I help you? A will finish B is going to finish C finishes

12 If the temperature rises above 0 degrees Celsius, 28 A: What kind of room would you like?
ice ...... B:
A will melt B is going to melt A A single, please. B Yes, please.
C melts C Two nights.

13 Deer are ..... animals; they aren't dangerous at all. 29 Amy can't come sail ing with us. She's going .....
A harmless B incredible C threatened her history project.
A around B off Cover
14 Stalactites grow from the ceiling as water .. .. .
from them. 30 If I ..... you, I would go camp ing.
A dissolves B melts C drips A am B we re C had been
32
 Reading Task (Multiple Choice)
You are going to read an adapted extract from a short
nket. story. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, 8, Cor
Dund D) which you think fits best according to the text.
(arctic.
s spending my vacation at Uncle Richard's farm on the Nova
?r
)':fJtian Bay of Fundy shore. I was a particular favourite of Uncle
urfing/ =· ,'lard's, partly because he had been much attached to my
ve ·..,~ ,er, his only sister, partly because of my strong resemblance
- -: 'lis only son, who had died several years before. Uncle Richard
caves. '25 a stern, undemonstrative man, but I knew that he entertained a
: ~p and real affection for me, and I always enjoyed my holidays at
place.
ctica. ,'hat are you going to do this afternoon, Ned?" he asked, after
- . disturbance caused by Ernest's outbreak had quieted down.
ink I'll row out to Island Rock, " I replied. "I want to take some
9 time.
sws of the shore from it.
ght _ ,.;Ie Richard nodded. He was much interested in my new camera.
.: you're on it about four o'clock, you'll get a fine view of the 'Hole
e Wall' when the sun begins to shine on the water through it, "
-B said. "I've often thought it would make a handsome picture."
] of excellent snapshots. It was now three o'clock. I must wait
:rease Carted for the shore about two o'clock. Ernest was sitting on the
dpile as I passed through the yard, with his arms about
. _ 2ddie's neck and his face buried in Laddie's curly hair. Laddie was
~ handsome and intelligent black-and-white Newfoundland, with a
lagnificent coat. He and Ernest were great chums. I felt sorry for
~e boy who was to lose his pet.
Jlcano Jon 't take it so hard, Ern," I said, trying to comfort him. "Uncle
~: ,,' ;11 likely get another pup."
'/ don't want any other pup!" Ernest blurted out. "Oh, Ned, won't
u try and coax your uncle not to sell him? Perhaps he'd listen to
U."
ie , shook my head. I knew Uncle Richard too well to hope that.
';: -Not in this case, Ern, " I said. "He would say it did not concern me,
us.
:>nd you know nothing moves him when he determines on a thing.
You'll have to reconcile
yourself to losing Laddie, I'm afraid. "
I pushed Uncle Richard's small boat down the rough path and
rowed out to Island Rock. Arriving there, I thrust the painter deep 35
into a narrow cleft. This was the usual way of mooring it, and no
doubt of its safety occurred to me.
I scrambled up the rock and around to the eastern end, where there
was a broader space for standing and from which some capital
views could be obtained. The sea about the rock was calm, but 40
there was quite a swell on and an off-shore breeze was blowing.
There were no boats visible. The tide was low, leaving bare the
curious caves and headlands along shore, and I secured a number
another hour yet before I could get the best view of the "Hole in the 45
Wall" - a huge, arch-like opening through a jutting headland to the
west of me. I went around to look at it, when I saw a sight that
made me stop short in dismay. This was nothing less than the boat,
drifting outward around the pOint. The swell and suction of the
water around the rock must have pulled her loose - and I was a 50
prisoner! At first my only feeling was one of annoyance. Then a
thought flashed into my mind that made me dizzy with fear. The tide
would be high that night. If I could not escape from Island Rock I
would ineVitably be drowned. I sat down limply on a ledge and tried
to look matters fairly in the face. I could not swim; calls for help 55
could not reach anybody; my only hope lay in the chance of
somebody passing down the shore or of some boat appearing.
An adventure on the Island ROCk, Lucy Maud Montgomery

t.
According to Ned, w/iy does his uncle like him so much? 4 How does Ned react to Ernest and his problem?
es
A Ned reminds him of his mother. A He is not concerned.
S Ned reminds him of his own child. B He feels sympathy for Ernest.
e Ned reminds him of his sister. e He thinks Ned is being hard on himself.
D Ned reminds him of his favourite uncle. o He thinks his uncle is being hard on Ernest.
Why does Ned want to go to Island Rock? 5 What advice does Ned give to Ernest?
A for some peace and quite after the disturbance A He suggested getting another pup.
9 ..... 8 to go boating B He suggests he speak to his uncle.
e to admire the scenery e He advises him to get used to the idea.
D to take photographs o He advises him to remain hopeful.
What does 'it' in line 7 refer to? 6 What word best describes how Ned feels at the end
een A the island e the boat of the text?
8 the shore o the view A annoyed e frightened
B angry o hopeful
33
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 a) * Match the words t o form phrases. 3 * Circle the correct words.

1 A: You don't have to / shouldn't spend so

ITLJ frequent A loss many hours in front of the computer. It's bad
lID eye B arthritis for you.
[I[J confi ned C infection B: I know, but I have to / should finish this
~ computer D brea ks report. My boss wants it by 9 am tomorrow.
[1IJ hearing E space 2 A: Is that my mobile phone ringing?
[]I] blurred F strain B: Leave it. You mustn't / don't have to talk on
[[Cl skin G screen your mobile phone while you're driving.
[!IJ t humb H vision 3 A: Sam! You almost knocked over that vase!
You must / ought to be careful when you're

b) * Complete the sentences w it h t he

playing the Wii!
B: Oops! Sorry.
phrases from Ex. 1a. 4 A: You may / must go now. We've finished for
1 Watching television for too long can ca use ..... today.
B: Thanks. I'll see you tomorrow.
2 Jeff loves to play on his games console but takes S A: I didn't get the chance to say goodbye to
........ .. ..... .. .. .... .................. .. . to rest his fingers. Zack before he left for the airport.
3 Employees who work in a .. ... .. ........................ . B: Then, you have to / should send him a text
all day can get shoulder strain. message.
4 Don't text too much; you might develop a 6 A: He's suffering from shoulder strain again.
condition called .... .. ... .. .... ... ............................ . B: He really may / must see a doctor.
S You shouldn't stare at the ............................... . 7 A: Ben has to / should share his laptop with
for too long; it can be harmful to your eyes. his brother.
6 Listening to loud music can cause ................... . B: Oh, poor him!

7 Susan has got a terrible .................. ................ .

on her face. 4 * Rewrite the sentences using modals.
S Tom's granddad has ......................................... .
1 I think it's a bad idea to surf the Net for hours
and sees spots.
2 It's forbidden to use the telephone in the
2 * Choose the correct word. teacher's office.
=
1 Athletes who exercise/perform regul arly stay fit. 3 You don't need to work overtime.
2 Parents are there to help their chi ldren do/
make ethical choices. 4 It's my strong advice to see a dermatologist for
3 When they practise/exercise meditation they your skin rash.
sit up straight and focus on t heir breathing.
4 Yoga helps Wendy achieve/bring piece of mind . S It's a good idea to clean your mobile phone
S Sarah likes to solve/play challenging crosswords. often.
6 Practising yoga is a great way to carry/manage
stress.

34
 Vocabulary' Grammar
*sunburn, insomnia, smelly feet, itchy rash, sore
Complete the word map with the words: 3 ** Rewrite the sentences using can/can't,
may/may not, or might/could.
lend so
throat, headache, the flu, watery eyes, minor cut,
It's bad 1 Don't go into this area. It's prohibited ............ .
hay fever, bad cough.

ish this 2 It's possible that warm milk and honey will help
mow.
\'Y'obl.e\'6 you sleep ......................................................... .
\\ealt.h
talk on 3 Do you mind if I open the window? ................ .
19. ,~,., -
---
, ,
It vase! ,, ...... , ,
....

,,
4 You aren't allowed to park here ...................... .
I
1 you're I
,
,,,
\
\
\
,, 5 There's a slight possibility that you can get an
ear infection from your mobile phone ............. .
hed for '-, ,~
,
I
----.
~ -
'. 6 She isn't able to stop yawning ........................ .

jbye to 7 I'm unable to sleep. I've got insomnia ............. .

1 a text S It's possible that I have some honey in the

cupboard ......................................................... .
lain. sunburn
9 You aren't allowed to eat after taking this
JP with ~--------------------~ medicine .......................................................... .
_.. .....~~~~~~~~~~~--~
** Fill in: remedy, cure, immune, soothe,
4 ** Fill in the gaps with had to/didn't have
to, could/couldn't or was able to/wasn't able to.
swallow, indigestion, upset, vessels, sickness.
1 Peter ............................. finish first in the race.
• A little baking soda added to water can help 2 She ................................... type very fast when
s.
calm an ......................... stomach. she was a secretary.
. hours. She uses many ingredients from plants to 3 Petra ................................. stay in because she
...... .............. her health problems. wasn't felling well.
in the 3 Add vinegar to your bath to ............................ . 4 She .............................. see the doctor because
your skin. the spots disappeared.
Gregory ate too fast at Meg's party and got 5 We ............................. take him to the hospital
because he had a very high temperature.
o you know a natural ..................................... . 6 She ............................ swim when she was five
gist for or insomnia? years old but now she can .
'ou can strengthen your .................................. . 7 I ........................... ............... see a dentist for a
system by taking vitamin C. toothache yesterday.
phone athew doesn't like to .................................... . S Melanie .............................. take the medicine,
:ough medicine. she felt better.
rt..ewing on a piece of ginger before a trip is a 9 When Jill was young she ................... .............. .
;reat way to prevent travel ............................ . see well, but now she wears glasses.
_ ::.affeine helps open up blood .......................... . 10 Fiona ................................... run in a marathon
- ~he brain. last month.
35
 VOCQbulQry EverydQy English
1 ** Fill in: self-defence, venom, backyard, 4 * Use the sentences to complete the
deadly, pain, nasty, medical, bites, attack. dialogue. One sentence isn't necessary.

• Let's take a look.

DOWN UNDER • It's really itchy and painful.
If you live in Australia, you might find scorpions in your • Now, what seems to be the problem?
1? .............................. or even inside your house. They can • What should I do?
gIVe you a very 2) ........................ sting, but these • Put them in three times a day for five days.
animals are not as 3) .......................... ........ as you • Please come in and take a seat.
might think. They sting in 4) ...................... and
rarely 5) ........................ unless you disturb A: Hello, Miss Havering.
1) ............................................................. .
them. Their 6) ...................... definitely
causes 7) ................................. , but it B: OK, thank you .
usually doesn't kill. As with all A: 2) .... .. .................... .... .............................. ..
stings and 8) ................................... , B: Well, I went swimming a few days ago and
though, you should get 9) ................. . now my ear really hurts.
help as soon as possible. A: Oh dear. 3) ........ .... .... .... ........................... .
Oh, yes, it's red and swollen inside. I think
2 * Fill in: rare, painkillers, infection, needle, it's infected.
B: Oh. 4) ........ .. ... ......................................... .
invisible, antibiotic, poisonous.
A: I'll give you a prescription for some ear
1 I'm taking ............................. for my bad back, drops. 5) .................................................. .
but it still hurts a lot. B: OK, thank you, Doctor.
2 Some Australian snakes are the most .............. . A: You're welcome. Goodbye.
in the world - you will be very ill if one bites you!
3 Bites from inland taipans are .......................... .
because they are shy snakes. 5 ** Use the ideas below or your own
4 Mark put some ..................... cream on his cut. ideas to write a dialogue similar to the
5 Sara didn't see the jellyfish as it was almost dialogue in Ex. 4.
................................. in the sea.
6 I'm taking medication for an ear .................... .
7 Try to relax Y,our arm so that the ..................... .
won't hurt.

3 * Circle the correct preposition.

1 Some spiders can bite through / out clothing.

2 The doctor injected medicine into / on her arm .
3 Some jellyfish are difficult to see as they are
nearly invisible with / to people.
4 Bob suffers with / from hay fever and has itchy,
watery eyes.
5 Avoid the river at / of all costs, it is full of
crocodiles!
6 His rash may last for / with a few weeks.
7 Please stay away / out from the water; there
are sharks.
36
 ocabulary
e
ry.
* Choose the correct words.
• Ken gripped/grabbed his coat and
left.
2 He uses a safety/security net when
he climbs tall buildings.
3 He wants to rise/raise awareness
days.
about environmental problems.
He bends/hangs from high ledges
with his bare hands.
- He sighed/asked with relief when
he heard his son was safe.
J and Ustening
**0 Listen to lan Marshal!
talking about his job as a
think lifeguard in Australia. For each
question, choose the best
answer A, B, C or D.
e ear
• lan works ...
A at a lake.
B at a swimming pool.
e at the beach.
D in different locations.
'In e wants to learn ...
the A how to drive a powerboat.
B advanced first aid.
e how to teach fitness.
D beach management.
mum 3 lan says that he doesn't like ....
A observing the swimming area.
B checking the equipment.
e getting up early in the morning.
D the written work he has to do.
'feguards may soon ...
A not need to use whistles.
B know when sharks are nearby.
e use only high-tech equipment.
D be able to keep dangerous
animals away.
5 !an says that people are safer
hen they ...
stay near the shore.
B know about dangers.
C are strong swimmers.
have first aid skills.
Reading
3 * Read the texts and choose the most appropriate
title for each. There is one extra title.
• Chilling Out • Learning a New Language • Finding it Easy
• Making Dangerous Friends
Real-life Super Heroes
1) .................................................................................. .......... .
The freezing cold has no effect on Wim Hof. Also known as the 'Iceman',
Wim Hof climbed Mount Everest wearing only a pair ..of shorts in
temperatures that can kill an ordinary person. He holds an incredible nine
world records and often appears in various countries up to his neck in ice.
Scientists can't explain Hofs super-human ability to put up with below-
zero temperatures, but believe it may be due to his skill at meditation.
When most people face extreme cold, the blood in their bodies moves
away £i'om their fingers and toes to protect their inner organs. After years
of meditating, Wim has complete control over his blood flow and can keep
it moving to all parts of his body, no matter how cold it gets.
2) ......................................................................................... .
South African animal behaviourist Kevin Richardson first made friends with
some lion cubs 12 years ago at a lion park, and now he is playing with, cuddling
and even falling asleep next to lions! He says he can do this because he tries to
know each animal's personality and develop understanding with them. Now
Richardson, known as 'The lion whisperer', cares for 39 lions on his 1,800-acre
wildlife reserve. Kevin uses his fame to raise awareness about lions under threat
in the wild. "Numbers have dropped by up to 75% in the past decade," he says.
Kevin also made a film using members of his adopted family called White Lion:
Home is aJourney.
3) ................................ .. ........... ....... .. .. ... .. .... ... ........ ...... .. .... .. .
32-year-old Daniel Tammet can solve the most difficult maths problems in
the time it takes most of us to remember where we put our calculator! He has
an incredible mental ability to count and calculate. He doesn't see numbers
in his head, though, he sees shapes. "When I multiply, I see two shapes. The
image starts to change and a third shape appears. That's the answer."
Daniel is an autistic savant* who has broken records with his unbelievable
memory. Daniel can also speak 10 languages and learned Icelandic in just
one week! In 2007, he also wrote his autobiography, Born on a Blue Day.
• autistic savant _ somebody with a mental condition that prevents them from communicating
well, but has a highly-developed talent in another area e,g., painting, calculating
** Read the text again and write W (Wim), K (Kevin)
or 0 (Daniel).
Who ...
1 wants people to help 4 travels around the
fight for something? world?
2 confuses scientists? 5 does something very
3 has a nickname? quickly?
. 37
 Vocabulary
1 *trigger, catch,beats,miss,shake,
Fill in: sweat, feel,
sense, rational,
nightmare.
1 Alice's heart ........................... fast
every time she gets into a lift.
2 Karen began to ..... .................. like
a leaf when she saw the spider on
her.
3 A bee sting can ............................ .
an allergic reaction.
4 She was so scared of flying that
she started to .............................. .
as she entered the aeroplane.
S The sight of blood makes Kevin
............................. dizzy.
6 She tried to calm down and
............................. her breath.
7 She is going to ............................. .
out on the cruise because she's
afraid of water.
S Animals run away when they
............................. danger.
9 Jim has a terrible fear of heights;
it's a .................................. for him
to be high above the ground .
10 Her fear of mirrors is not ............. .
....................... ; it's all in her mind.
2 * Circle the correct
preposition.
1 One of the most common phobias
is the fear from / of heights.
2 Jenny felt embarrassed about /
with her phobia .
3 Luke gets teased by / from his
classmates because he is afraid of
snakes.
4 A solution for / about phobia
sufferers is to slowly confront their
fear.
S He is afraid with / of the dark and
keeps a light on at night.
6 William suffers with / from
anthophobia, the fear of flowers.
38
Grammar
3 * Fill in the correct relative pronouns/adverbs. Write
(D) for defining and (N) for non-defining. Add co mmas
where necessary.
1 She had catoptrophobia ............................... is t he
fear of mirrors as a child.
2 Frank ............................... mum is a nurse is afra id
of needles.
3 This is the clinic ................................... he goes for
treatment for his phobia .
4 It was after that plane crash last month ............... .
he started to fear flying.
S Rick ................................ lives on the 20th floor is
afraid of heights.
6 Paul is my friend ................................... dad treats
people with phobias .
7 Do you know the reason ................................ Tom
didn't come to work?
4 * Fill in the gaps with the correct relative pronoun or
adverb.
Arachnophobia, 1) .. ... .. ......... ...... is the fear of spiders, is quite
common. People 2) ....................... .. suffer from this phobia
experience paniC attacks 3) .. ...... .......... ....... they see spi der~.
Their heart rate goes up; they feel dizzy and start to shake. ThiS
phobia also interferes with their everyd ay lives. Arachnophobes
check for webs 4) ....... ............... .... they enter a room. They are
afraid to open wardrobes, get into the shower and even put on
their shoes, because they are places 5) .. ... .. ... .. ..... .. .. .... ....
spiders love to hide. Luckily, however, there is. -_ ...
a treatment. Sufferers can slowly confront
their fear through pictures. Today, there are
even video games with animated spiders 6) ........ ... ..... ..
can help cure the phobia!
5 *both ... and, neither ... nor
Read the examples, then rewrite the
or either ... or.
C;''''IT''lrlr"
1 Helen isn't afraid of enclosed spaces. David isn't afraid of
enclosed spaces.
2 Lucy wants to be a pilot or she wants to be a flight attendant.
3 My mum hates hospitals. My granddad hates hospitals.
 Vocabulary Everyday English
"'rite * Fill in: pressures, gossip, club, plan, stressed, 3 ** Choose the correct item.
Imas part-time, stand, talk, ignore, friends.
1 A: I had an argument with my parents.
, A: I'm new at school and it 's difficu lt to make B: a You're right.
b You should work things out.
B: Why don 't you join a .. .. ............................. .
2 A: I'm worried about my exams.
A: Pauline is really ............................. out with
B: a Oh, just ignore them.
her exams.
b You could join a study group.
B: She should make a study ........................... .
3 A: Those girls often ........................ about me. 3 A: I don't have many friends . .
B: Oh, just .......................... them . B: a You should talk to them.
- A: I need some money. b You could find a hobby.
B: You could get a ...... ... ........................... job.
4 A: You should call her and talk about it.
- A: Nancy .. .. .......................... him to do things.
B: a OK. I'll try that.
B: He should ........................... up to her then!
b Not really.
~ A: I've fallen out with my friends.
B: The best th ing to do is ...................... ........ .. S A: My classmates laugh at what I wear.
it th rough with them . B: a That's a good idea.
b The best thing to do is ignore them.
nor * Look at the picture and complete the
6 A: Have you thought about visiting a
description w ith the words from the list.
dermatologist?
; quite
• fallen out • whispering • upset • gossiping B: a Yes, I think that might help.
)hobia
• three girls • arms • beh ind them b You're right.
)iders.
e. This
- :i::e picture there are 1) ...... ...................... . Two
Ihobes Listening
:aem are standing together. The other girl is
leyare
put on -ding alone 2) ........................ ..... The two girls 4 ** 0 You will hear two people talking
_:; 3) ........ .. .. .............. .. to each other. They are about a problem. Listen and mark the
__ ' "jably 4) ............................ about the other girl. sentences T (true) or F (false). Tick (.f) the
--::: other girl has her 5) .............. .. .. ........ .. folded in correct box.
_ ;,;:; of her and is staring at the two girls. She looks 1rue False
The girls have probably 1 Megan and Sara go to the
and they must feel very unhappy. same school.
2 Megan's friend is gossiping
about Megan .
3 Sarah suggests that Megan
ignore her friend.
4 Megan refuses to phone her
friend.
fraid of
S Sara thinks Megan should tell
her friend how she feels.

Is.

39
 Writing (an article making 4 * Replace the linking words (1-7) in the
article with the alternatives below.
suggestions for a solution to a problem)
1 * Read the article and answer the questions. • In addition, you should • To sum up
• As a result • To begin with • Moreover

H Oo"s:~,;'fe In The Streets

~ Unfortunately, these days there is a lot of crime in our

• Then • Lastly, another helpful suggestion is
1 ............................
2 ............................
3
5 .......................... ..
6 .......................... ..
7 ................. ......... ..
towns and cities and the streets aren't as safe as they used to 4 .......................... ..
be. So how can you protect yourself from danger when you
are out and about?
~ 1) Firstly, if you are out alone, always walk in busy, well-lit
5 * Read the rubric. Match the suggestions
to the results.
areas, and walk fast and confidently. In this way, you can
avoid an attack before it happens because attackers don't Ir----------------------~
A student website is asking for articles suggesting I
usually target confident looking people. : ways of dealing with bullies. Write your article for :
~ 2) Secondly, it is important to keep your valuables such I the magazine (120-200 words). I
as an MP3 player out of sight and your handbag closed. I I

3) This way, you won't tempt thieves. 4) Also, by not wearing I Para 1: state the problem I

headphones, you will be able to hear traffic or someone : Para 2-4: present the suggestions/results :
I Para 5: summarise your opinion I
approaching you from behind.
~ 5) Finally, it is a very good idea to think about how you .----------------------~
will get home in advance by travelling with friends or asking Suggestions
your parents to pick you up. 6) By doing this, you won't even
have to risk walking home alone at night.
CIIJ Try to ignore them and avoid showing your
feelings if they do or say something to hurt you.
~ 7) In conclusion, it can be risky these days to be out alone
in the streets, but there are ways to protect yourself. If you CID Tell a teacher, a parent or someone else in
learn how to protect yourself, you will stay safe. authority what is happening.
[I[J Be brave and stand up for yourself by refusing
1 What is the purpose of the article? ................ ..
to give in to bullies' demands.

2 What problem does the writer state? .............. .

Results
3 What style does the writer use: informal, formal, [K] They will be able to tell the bullies that their
or semi-formal? ................................................... .. behaviour is unacceptable and hopefully the

2 * Read again and complete the table.

[!J
bullying will stop.
This will show you are not an easy target and the
Suggestions Results/Consequences bull~ will try to find a weaker target.
1 ............................. 1 ................... ......... . W Bullies want a reaction, so acting like you don't
............................. ............................ . care may stop their bad behaviour.
2 .............................
.............................
2 ... ........................ ..
............................. 6 ** Use the answers in Ex. 5 and the
sentences from the Useful language box to
3 ............................. 3 ........................... ..
write your article. Use the article in Ex. 1 as
a model.
3 * Match the paragraphs to their functions. Useful language
Paragraphs Fundions Stating the problem: These days ... , So, how can you ...
Suggestions/Results: Firstly .. .. In th is way .... Secondly
1 1 1 A a summary of writer's opinion ... , This way ... , Also ... , Finally ... , By doing this ...
12-41 B state the problem Summarising: In conclusion .. .
1 5 1 C suggestions & results
40
41
 Language & Grammar Review
(hoose the correct answer.

1 You can get eye .... .. if you watch too much TV. 17 I ...... go out last night. I didn't feel well.
A loss B strain (rash A wasn't able to B didn't have to (mustn't

2 you ... .. . tell anyone your email password. 18 Alain Robert wants to ...... awareness about
A couldn't B mustn't (don't have to climate change.
A lift Braise ( advance
3 He .... .. the ball and scored a goal.
A scratched B stung (kicked 19 I can't put up ...... my insomnia anymore.
A with B to ( of
4 Simon .. .. .. ride a bike when he was five.
A had to B could ( was able 20 John has hay ...... and has itchy, runny eyes.
A fever B sickness (rash
5 Don't ...... from the tree - you'll fall!
A grip Bhang (kneel 21 you .. .. .. listen to your MP3 player in class.
A don't have to B mustn't (couldn't
6 I .. .. .. not go to school tomorrow. I'm not sure yet.
A may B could (can 22 Jim and Mike had an argument last week but
they've made ...... now.
7 Put some ...... cream on that cut.
A up B off ( on
A antibiotic B painkiller ( infected
23 Either Mike .. ... .. I will take you to the hospital.
8 He ...... along the ground on his hands and knees.
A nor Band ( or
A crawled B hung ( bent
24 (hewing ginger ...... help you with your upset
9 Garlic and honey .. .. .. kill germs.
stomach. It's possible that you'll feel better.
A must B can ( might
A will B must (might
10 Take frequent ...... when you work on your Pc.
25 Firefighters ...... their lives every day to save
A breaks B periods (spaces
people from burning buildings.
11 Mary, ... .. . is in my class, is afraid of heights. A risk B dare ( chance
A whose B which (who
26 A: I've got really bad spots.
12 ...... Ted and Jim feel stressed about their B:
exams. A Have you thought about rubbing garlic on them?
A Either B Both ( Neither B You rubbed garlic on them .
( The best thing to do is garlic.
13 Sue .... .. with relief when her son got down
safely from the tree. 27 Box jellyfish are almost .. .... to swimmers.
A shouted B breathed (sighed They're very difficult to see.
A deadly B rare ( invisible
14 I ...... stop sneezing!
A may not B shouldn't ( can't 28 Jane often uses .. .. .. remed ies to cure colds.
A physical B natural (real
15 Alain Robert climbs without a ...... net to catch
him if he falls. 29 Don't park here. It's ........
A rope B safety ( slippery A illegal B bare ( ugly
16 Margaret suffers .. .... terrible headaches. 30 John is the boy .. .... father is a dentist.
A of B about (from A whose B where (which
42
 eading Task (Missing sentences)
Read the text. Five sentences are missing. Match the sentences (A-F) to the gaps
(1-5). There is one extra sentence.
Istn't
about •
lCe

res.

,5.
n't

ek but

'spital.

upset
er.

) save •

A For children on the other hand,

head injuries Were most common.
B This increase is more than double
the increase in household
them? computer ownership in those same
years.

C But, it's not just these injuries that

call for Concern .
,mers. 0 Her study did not include injuries
I from laptops.
e E A.lready information sheets and
s. guidelines are available to create
safer computer work areas. . ~
F The percentage of monitor-related
injuries increased significantly until
2003.
i.,!.
•.
if .·
: .'
_j
I
. ",,[ .,
43

"'--...... 'i
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 a) * Match the words to form
phrases. Then use some of
3 Complete the sentences with
the present perfect or past simple
the phrases to complete form of the verbs.
the sentences.
1 A: .............................................. .

OIJ get LID have (you/speak) to Susan yet?

[[[J start [[[J move B: Yes, she ................................ .

[[[J retire [IT] be late (call) a few minutes ago.

m=J gossip LTIJ buy 2 A: Steve ................................... ..

GIJ graduate ru talk Gust/invite) me to go to that

new Chinese restaurant in
town.
B: Really? I ............................... ..
(never/be) there before.
3 A: .............................................. .
(Sam/ever/do) anything to get
on your nerves?
B: Yes. Just yesterday, he ..........
b) Complete the sentences with the phrases in the ............ (borrow) my favourite
appropriate form. jumper without asking.

1 Some students who ............................ ................................. . 4 A: Oh no! I................................. .

take a gap year before they start work. (lose) my new magazine.
2 Rick loves Europe so much that he is planning to .............. .. B: I think Bill ........................... .. .
............................................ next spring. (take) it by mistake last night.
3 Jane is so overjoyed; she .................................................... ..
after only 6 months at the company! Listening
4 Wendy is so nosy; she finds out very personal information
and then ........................................................... .
4 ** 0 You will hear five
people talking about annoying
5 Fred ....................................................... ; he often eats with
situations. listen and match
his hands and talks with his mouth full.
the sentences to the speakers.

2 * Fill in: get on my nerves, lose my temper, feel really sorry for,
One sentence does not match.

This person:
laugh my head off, cheer me up in the correct form.
A lent something that he owned.
1 I completely ........................................... when Andy arrived B missed part of something because
an hour late. I was so angry! of a friend.
2 The film was so funny. I ...................................................... .. C was annoyed at someone's
all the way through . behaviour.
3 I was feeling bored and grumpy last week, but Jo's wedding D felt shocked about how someone
really ................................................... . acted.
4 A man shouted at Amy for talking in the cinema. I ............ .. Speaker 1
E got annoyed
................................................... her! Speaker 2
because of
5 It really ............................................. '.... when people gossip gossiping . Speaker 3
about others. F got ill because Speaker 4
of someone . Speaker 5
44
 Vocabulary 3 * Put the verbs in brackets into the present

tith * Fill in: host, social, rewarding, spicy,

struggle, patient, overwhelming, challenging,
perfect or the present perfect continuous .

1 Sally and Tim .... .. ............................. .. ... ... ........ .

iimple
self-confident. Gust/get married).
2 How long ... ............................ ... ......... .. ....... ... ..
It is important to learn about ................ .......... .
(Brian/work) at the homeless shelter?
t? etiquette and customs before travelling abroad .
3 John .. ........................... ..... .... .... ......... .......... .. ..
2 William loves hot and .................. ... ........ food.
(sneeze) all day and now he has a red nose.
3 In the beginning, living in a foreign place can
4 I ....... ...... ........ ..... ... ...... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .. (travel)
feel incredibly .. ............ .......... ... ... ... .... ..... ..... .. .
Many foreigners .. ...... ................. ... .... ....... with
to the USA three times. ..
to that 5 Danny ... ..... ....... .. ............... ... ... .... .. .. ............. ....
the Chinese language because pronunciation is
mt in (look for) a new job for the last two months.
difficult.
6 Emma .. ......... .. ... ... ......... .. ... .. ... (not/graduate)
5 Ben found it quite .... .. .. .. .... .. ... ......... ... ... trying
yet; she's in her fin al year at college.
to get used to the cold Alaskan weather.
7 ... ............. .. ... ... ......... ... ............................. ..... ....
, Bob enjoyed staying with his ....... .. .. ...... ..........
(you/work) all day?
family in Trinidad .
to get ., John has become more .... ... .. .... .................... .. ..
as a public speaker. 4 ** Put the verbs in brackets into the
The language instructor is very ............ .... ..... ... present perfect, the past simple or the present
vourite with her students. perfect continuous.
- Learning a new language in a foreign country
r."">=,,, )
can be a(n) .... .. ... .................. .......... experience.

Grammar
light. ** Look at the picture below and make as
many sentences as you can about it using m ()0
••IIIt0 pS!
must, can't, may/might, the prompts in the
list and/or your own ideas. Hi! 1) ... .................... anyone ever .. ......... ... ...... ..... (take)
something of yours without asking you first? Well, I
>ying
2) .. ........ .. ............ ........... ....... (study) for my exams in
ch in a restaurant the school library for the last three weeks. Two days ago,
kers. in their kitchen I 3) ..... .. ....... ..... ... ..... .... .... ..... (leave) my seat to talk to
Itch. celebrating Mrs Jones, the librarian. When I 4) ............ ... ......... ....... .
ething (get) back, I 5) ... ......... .. ... ... ........ .... ...... (have) a nasty

ed. e sushi surprise. "Mrs Jones, someone 6) .... ....... .. ..... .... ............ .
w how to use (steal) my mobile!" I cried. "Oh, I think 17) ..... .................
~ ca u se
psticks .. .. ..... ..... ... .... ... .... (see) a girl leave the library with it, " the
have cooked person sitting by me 8) ...... .............. ..... .. ... .... (tell) me.
e herself That night at home, my friend Denise
9) ......... .......... ........ ... ..... .. ........... .. (call) me. "Erm .. .
leone
10) .... .... ...... .. ... ........ .. .... .... .. .... ..... .. (you/look for) your ,
mobile by any chance?" she asked me. "I'm sorry. I

2 11) ... ..... .. .... .... .. .... ... .... .... ..... (borrow) it while you were
talking to Mrs Jones. When I 12) ... ... .. ....... ... .... ............ ...
3
(come) to give it back, you weren 't there anymore. "
~
,
45
 Vocabulary 3 * Use the following sentences to

1 a) * Match the words to form phrases.

complete the dialogue below.

• What can I do for you?

[IT] throw A respect • I've just moved in next door.
[IT] show B eye contact • It's just that your kids have
[ID damage C litter been playing on my lawn.
[!D make D our property • Could I talk to you for a
[IT] return E the gesture minute?
[IT] talk F your hand • I'll make sure it doesn't happen again.
[IT] keep G with your mouth full • Oh, I'm really sorry about that.
[I[J extend H a distance

b) * Complete the sentences with the

phrases in the appropriate form.
1 Sam politely t ried to ....... .. .. .. .. .. ............... from
people at the concert but it was too crowded .
2 Please .............................................. in the bin .
3 If someone waves at you, you should .. ........... .
... .. .... ......... .... .. .... ..... .... ........... and wave back.
4 In Englan d, it's polite to smile and .. .... .... .. .... ...
... .......................................... ........ with people.
5 Did the neighbours .................... ...... ... ..... .... ... .
whe n th ey dug a hole for their pool?
6 Don't ................... .. ...... .. ...; it's incredibly rude!
7 In Japan, people ... .. .... ... ....... ........ .. by bowing.
8 Instead of pointing, wh ich is rather impolite,
why not .... ........................... ... .... .................... .
Everyday English
2 Read and circle the correct option.
Fred: Good morning . My name's Fred Thomson.
1) ..... ..... .... ......... ..... ..... ................... ............ .
Laura: Pleased to meet you, Fred . I'm Laura
Richards. Welcome to the neighbourhood.
Fred: Thank you, Laura. 2) ... ..... ......... ...................
Laura: Of course . 3) .. .............. ... ............................ .
Fred: Well, I'm afraid I have a complaint. 4) ........ .
Laura: 5) .. .. ... ....... ... ............... ......... I didn't realise
they were stepping on your property.
Fred: It's OK. They're kids just trying to have fun.
It's just that I've planted some new flowers.
Laura: I see. 6) ... .. .. .. ... .... ... .... ............. .................. .
Fred: Thanks, I'd really appreciate that.
Laura: You're welcome. And sorry again.
Fred: It's alright. Have a good day.

1 A: I'm John Stevens. I'm your new neighbour.

4 ** Imagine that your neighbour lets their
dog bark all day and night. Write a new
B: a You're"welcome, John .
dialogue using the ideas below and Ex. 3 as
b Pleased to meet you, John.
a model.
2 A: Can I discuss something with you?
B: a Sure. What can I do for you? 4)
b That's OK. I understand . Greet B & introduce "'---" Say 'Pleased to meet
yourself. you' .
3 A: You've been parking in front of our driveway. =
Reply & ask if you can Agree & ask what you
B: a I'm really sorry about that. have a word . can do for A.
b Don't worry about it. Make your complaint. Apologise.
4 A: I'll make sure it doesn't happen again . Accept the apology. Promise that it won't
B: a Have a nice day. Thank B. happen again .
b That would be great. End the conversation . Reply & apologise again .

4
 I have always been interested in doing volunteer work so when I learnt about
an opportunity that would let me do my part for wildlife and travel to one of the
most beautiful countries on the planet, I thought, "Why not?"

years ago, I was working for a large advertising firm in the
I liked my job so when I was let go, I was very upset. Then I
~Jsed that it was probably one of the best things that could
2 8 ever happened to me.
- - onth or so before I found myself out of a job, a friend of mine
=5 telling me about a volunteer project which was concerned
elephant conservation in Kenya. According to Peter, they
-~ ed someone with a background in advertising who could
nson. :-:"T)ote awareness of a large elephant sanctuary in Africa. It
_.. Id be my job to attract visitors, and their money, to the
s:.-ctuary. I had the right qualifications and so a very short time
I Laura .::=- I found myself living and volunteering my skills in Africa.
hood. -.:. :nose of you who don't know, it is a very sad fact that African
=-?:nants have reduced in number by almost half since the
=:; ·:s. And, as you know, they are huge creatures and they
e:J very large areas of land in which to roam and find food to
) ........ .
~::: themselves and their young. What this means is that
=-=-C'lants often come into contact with humans who view
: realise -=-C'l ants as a threat to their lives and livelihoods.
The Mwaluganje Elephant Sanctuary, where I went, had two
targets. First, to offer the elephants a place away from illegal
hunting, and second, to try and change the negative attitude
held by the locals towards elephants. In what came as a pleasant
surprise to myself, and the sanctuary's organisers, over 200
families volunteered to turn over their land so that elephants
could live there.
What this pleasant tu rn of events meant was that many elephants
could survive. It also meant that the locals could now earn a
living, not by killing the elephants for their ivory, but by managing
the sanctuary and earning money from the tourism that the
sanctuary attracted .
Over a year has passed since I came to Kenya and the sanctuary
and the elephants are flourishing. For my part, alii can say is that
it makes me very proud that the volunteer work done by myself
and hundreds of others has resulted in a place where the
greatest creature on Earth has found a place where it can live
and roam safely and freely.

Ive fun .
lowers. Reading Vocabulary
* Read the text and mark the sentences 2 * Match the words to form phrases.
T (True) or F (False).

The writer decided to leave his job. ITIJ win A my own food
2 The writer learnt about the volunteer [ID move B a ch ild from ab road
project from a friend . [IT] adopt C a scholarshi p
3 The organisation was looking for someone ~ setup o a charity
's their w ith experience in advertising . [iIJ grow E cosmetic surgery
~w The writer tells us that the elephant [IT] have F into a caravan
x. 3 as population of Africa has been reduced
by more than 50% .
5 In Kenya, elephants rarely venture on to
3 *social, award-winning,
homeless, determination, reach,
Fill in:
profits.
land occupied by humans.
: et
~ According to the writer, people perceive 1 He used the ...... ........ ....... .. .. ... ............ from his
elephants as a danger to their way of life. book to build a youth shelter.
you
~ The writer hadn't expected people to give 2 Paul cares a lot about ........... ................. issues.
up their land for elephants. 3 If you try really hard, you can .. .... .. .. .... ........... .
- Some locals still earn their living from your goals.
In't
illing elephants for ivory. 4 Mary lost her job and she was .... ...... .............. .
:: Other locals help manage the elephant and living on the streets.
again .
sanctuary. 5 Her dad is a(n) ...... .. ... ...... .. ..... ............. . author.
• According to the writer, the sanctuary 6 Sue went to university and through ... ..............
is now doing very well. and hard work, she graduated with honours.
47
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 * Fill in: celebrations, prosperity,
marching, garland, fairytale,
3 ** Choose the correct verb forms.

ceremony, traditional. 1 The guests appear to be enjoying/to enjoy the wedding.

1 I want to have a ...... .. ..................
...... .. ..... .. wedding, like a princess
in a castle.
2 A ..... ..... .... ............ ... band passed
by us at the beginning of the
parade.
3 The bride wore a flower ...... ........
...... .......... ......... around her neck.
4 She really enjoyed the various
wedding .. ..... .................. in India.
5 This design is a symbol of future
... .. .. ......... .... ..................... for the
married couple.
6 They served a variety of
.... ...................... ... Indian dishes at
the wedding .
7 The guests really enjoyed
watching the
.................... ........ .
2 After having watched/to have watched the ceremony, the
guests congratulated the happy couple .
3 It was too hot having danced/to dance at the wedding.
4 The bride expects everyone wearing/to be wearing traditional
clothing to the wedding.
5 The couple claims having met/to have met while on holiday.
6 I can't wait eating/to eat the traditional dishes at the wedding.
7 Look, the couple seems having/to be having a great time .
8 After having danced/to have danced for the first time, the
couple cut the wedding cake.
Reading
4 * Read the text. Five sentences are missing. Match each
sentence (A-F) to the gaps (1-5). One sentence is extra.
Graduation Day:
a time to celebrate!
Cultures all over the world celebrate academic achievement through
graduation ceremonies. lID On the actual graduation day students enter
the ceremony as 'graduands' and leave as 'graduates', thus passing into a

2 * Choose the correct word.

new stage of their lives. The whole idea of graduation dates back to the 12th
century when scholastic monks participated in various ceremonies. [I[J
1 She leapt/hopped at the chance In medieval times, priests began to wear different coloured hoods and robes
to go on holiday to Brazil.
to symbolise their level of knowledge and [ID Since then,
graduation has evolved to suit each
2 It's simmering/steaming hot
Every graduation ceremony is different.
outside! [![] Afairly popular ritual is the tossing of
3 Our friends greeted/waved us at the graduation caps into the air at the end of
the airport.., the ceremony. I1IJ Graduation
4 I love the hustle and buzz/bustle ceremonies occur not only at higher
of New York City. institutions of learning. Kids, 3-5 years old
5 The party tookllasted all night. even go through graduation as they leave
kindergarten and enter primary school.
6 At first she felt a bit awkward/
They start kindergarten knowing only
clumsy when she spoke to the
how to talk and they leave knowing
crowd . how to count and write letters. Now
7 She made a spectacular that calls for a celebration with some
entry/entrance at the party.
8 Christine was thrilled to have
experienced/felt a traditional
Indian wedding.

48
 Vocabulary 2 * Fill in: patient, cheerful, honest, lazy, outgoing, rude, shy,

* look at the pictures and

generous, selfish, popular.

choose the correct words. 1 David always has a smile on his face; he is such a .............. ..
dingo
person.
)ny, the
2 A good teacher is .......................................... with students
and takes the time to explain difficult ideas.
3 Tom is so .................................. that he'd even give you the
shirt off his back.
4 They assumed Betty wasn't lying and that she was being
completely .................. .. ...................... .
5 There isn't a more .................................... person than Rick;
t time.
he loves having friends over all the time.
6 How ............................ of Mike to burp at the dinner table!
7 My neighbour is awfully ......................................... ; she sits
on the couch all day watching television.
S He's incredibly ..................... and only thinks about himself.
9 It's hard for Tom to meet new people because he's terribly

10 Jenny is very .......................... ; everyone at school likes her.

Everyday English
1ts enter 3 * Choose the correct exchange.
I into a
the 12th 1 A: What's your brother like?
[IT] B: a He's short and plump.
ld robes b He's outgoing, but he can be impatient at times.
ce then.
2 A: Mary looks different.
I;:
r B: a She's lost some weight.
b She's in her mid-thirties.

3 A: Have you changed something?

Sh e has shortllong, curly brown
ai r, and a(n) oval/square face.
- Sh e's young, and she has freckles/
Nrinkles, pale skin, and wavy/
st raight red hair.
_ ..e wears a cap/glasses and he has a
eard and a moustache/freckles.
B: a Yes, I'm wearing my new glasses.
b I use them to read.
4 A: What does Frank look like?
B: al He's honest and ~ u ite generous with his friends.
b He's short with a round face and green eyes.
5 A: What have you changed? (t:

e has pale/dark skin and he's B: a I shaved my moustache.

aid/long. b I should grow a beard.
- 'he has oval/pierced ears, long/
6 A: You look great!
short grey hair, and a few glasses/
B: a Thanks!
rinkles.
b I didn't recognise you.
; -le's in his late twenties/sixties, he
as freckles/glasses, and short
Drown/grey hair.
49
 Writing (a for-and-against essay) 3 * Replace the linkers in the essay with the

1 * Read the essay and complete the table.

following: All in all, Without a doubt, To begin
with, On the other hand, Secondly, Also, In the first
place, In my opinion.
1 ... ........ ......... .. ........ . 5 ........................ .. ... ..
2 6 ............................. ..
3 ............................. .. 7 .............................. .
4 .............................. . 8 ............................ ..

4 * Match the arguments to the examples!

justifications.

~ These days, many people believe that all young people

should go to university and that this is the only way to have a
successful career. But is this true or are there other ways to
be successful in life?
~ 1) On the one hand, there are many advantages to
going to university. 2) Firstly, it offers a chance to study
something you are interested in and also it is sometimes the
Examples/Justifications
only way to get the qualifications for the job you really want. You may struggle with the language, different
If you want to be a doctor, for example, you can't do this weather food, etc.
without getting a degree. 3) In addition, students learn This wi~1 teach you to understand different
many life skills at university. They may learn how to cook for
themselves, manage their own money and get along with opinions &ways of thinking. .
different people, skills which they will use throughout their It may be difficult at first to make fnends and
lives. you may feel lonely. .
~ 4) However, there are also disadvantages. 5) To start This will help you communicate WIth more
with, it is very expensive to go to university. Most graduates
leave owing a lot of money that takes years to pay back. people.
6) Moreover, university life doesn't suit everyone. For some
people, it is better to do a practical course at a technical
college or on-the-job training, especially as a degree these
5 ** Read the rubric and use the ideas in
Ex. 4 and the sentences from the Useful
days is no guarantee of a job.
language box to write an essay.
~ 7) In conclusion, there are both advantages and
disadvantages to going to university. 8) To my mind, it is a
r-------------------- -
I Write an essay called "Should all young people
valuable experienc~ that provides a lot more than just a I spend some time studying abroad?" (120-150 words).
qualification, but it is not suitable for everyone. ~-------------------- -
Arguments for Examples! Justification
(Plan
,
)
Para 1: state the topic
......................................... ......................................... Para 2: advantages, examples/justifications
......................................... Para 3: disadvantages, examples/justifications
Para 4: conclude & give your opinion
Arguments against Examples! Justification

......................................... ......................................... Useful language

......................................... .........................................
Stating the topic: These da ys, ma ny people believe ...
Advantages: On the one hand there are advantages
2 * Read again and underline the topic
sentences in the main body paragraphs and
.. ., Firstly ...
Disadvantages: On the other hand .. ., To start with ...
Conclude & give your op inion : All in all .. ., In my
the writer's opinion.
opinion ...
50
'ith th e Vocabulary
'egin
he first
* Fill in: yawn, hiccup, cough, snore, sneeze, Notions & Functions
blush.
Choose the correct response.
When you ......................... , your face becomes
red and you feel embarrassed. 1 A: Could I talk to you for a minute?
- People often ............................. when they eat B: a I understand.
or drink too quickly. b Sure .
• Some people ................................... when they
l ples! 2 A: Have you changed something?
are asleep.
he dust made him ............ .. ........................... . B: a Yes, I got a new haircue
- You should ....................... to clear your throat. b I didn't recognise you.
eople normally ...................................... when 3 A: We haven't met before; I'm David Brown.
hey are tired or bored. B: a I'm sorry about that.
b Pleased to meet you.
* Circle the correct particle.
4 A: I'm afraid I have a complaint.
he gentleman took off! up his hat.
B: a I didn't know it was a problem.
erry didn't turn up ! down on time for his
fferent b What is it?
'TIeeting.
_ -om never turns off! down an invitation for 5 A: You look nice!
ifferent
nch. B: a Thank you!
lex takes over! after his mother; they have b That's OK.
lds and
-he same eyes and nose.
6 A: What's she like?
- )on 't forget to turn off! down the lights when
:h more B: a She's very polite, but quite shy.
ou the leave the house.
b She looks great.
- .ill turned up ! down the volume on her
~e adphones so that she wouldn't hear Tom 7 A: Your dog has been barking all day.
510ring. B: a I'm sorry about that.
as in
b Don't worry.
'ful
8 A: I'll make sure it doesn't happen again .
Fill in the correct word derived from the B: a You're welcome.
1 people
" ords in brackets. b Thanks, that would be great.
words).
n was very ........................................ to get 9 A: What does your friend Bill look like?
:ack home; so he walked quickly. (PATIENT) B: a He's cheerful and fun to be wit h.
- .eff strongly .................................... with Kim's b He's tall and slim.
s:atement; he didn't like it at all. (AGR~E)
ns - : is ... ........................ to drive without wearing 10 A: You look different!
B: a Yes, I've lost some weight.
:: seatbelt. (LEGAL)
I,y dog has been very ....... ..................... lately; b It won't happen again.
-e just lies on the sofa and sleeps all day.
CTIVE)
lieve ...
mtages - ',1 en we hiccup our breathing becomes ........ .
EGULAR)
with .. . ...E rry's classmates tease him because he is very
. In my 5- 1; they can be so .............................. (KIND)

51
 Language & Grammar Review
(hoose the correct answer.
1 Hannah didn't turn ..... at the party until 9 o'clock. 15 A ..... smile is a sign of friendliness in the USA.
A down B over ( up A long B high ( wide

2 Mike is so ...... He only cares about himself! 16 Jack ..... around the world since January.
A lazy B rude ( selfish A has been travelling B travelled
( travels
3 ..... Spanish for a long time?
A Do you study B You studied 17 Sam was ..... when Sally took his iPod withou
( Have you been studying asking. He really shouted at her!
A furious B demanding ( passionate
4 (hile was great, but I ..... my family.
A missed B lost ( left 18 Greet an American with a ..... handshake.
A heavy B hard ( firm
5 A: Sorry we made so much noise last night.
B: 19 He has difficulty understanding social ......
A I understand. B Don't worry about it. A etiquette B behaviour ( culture
( I didn't realise it was botheri ng anyone. 20 Mr Smith next door ..... his dog bark all night !
6 Brian is a really ..... person. He never seems to A lets B allows (leaves
be in a bad mood. 21 Sam is always late. It gets ..... my nerves.
A patient B cheerful (honest A to B on ( at
7 You aren't wearing a coat. You ..... be really cold! 22 The tomatoes have gone bad. Throw them .....
A can B must (may A down B away ( over

8 Exercise increases heart ...... 23 The service at that restaurant is second ......
A muscle B flow ( rate A standard B rate ( grade

9 James ..... last year in Brazil. 24 Thinking of studying abroad? Go ..... it!
A spent B has spent A for B to ( at
( has been spending 25 Sarah is a(n) ..... person. She's sure of herself.
10 Pete dustedilis bedroom and now he can't stop A outgoing B self-confident (generous
..... ! 26 Mary can't stand ..... to country music.
A sneezing B snoring ( blushing A listen B to listen ( listening :

11 I ..... since this morning. I'm really hungry. 27 You ...... be hungry again, Paul! You just ha
A haven't eaten B didn't eat dinner.
( haven't been eating A can't B mustn't ( may not
12 Kate ..... her sister while her parents are at work. 28 My soup was cold so I ....... to the waiter.
A gives up B takes care ( looks after A complained B behaved (shouted
13 (an you turn ..... the TV? No one is watching it. 29 She seems ...... a great t ime at the party.
A up B off ( after A having B to have (to be havi

14 Sara ..... be from Mexico, but I'm not sure. 30 They're tired. They ..... all day.
A can B must (may A garden B ga rdene d
( have been gardenin g
52
 Reading Task (Multiple Choice)
Read the text. For each question choose the right answer
A, 8, Cor D.

le
y.
!d

sionate Ii'i~--....
ke .

:ure
I night!
Jes

~s.

lem .....
~r
I ......
de

lerself.
enerous ,...- The article got Craig's attention because it 4 Craig's visit to Pakistan helped him
A was in the wrong section of the paper. understand

IStening
just haQ
1 B had a picture of a boy his own age.
C had to do with a young protestor.
A the life of poor children .
B what it means to be poor.
o was about child labour. C how to end poverty.
2 After reading the article Craig decided to
o the best way to fight child labour.
y not
A ask his teacher to get involved. 5 This story is about
:er. B tell his friends about Iqbal. A child workers like Iqbal Masih .
uted C get his classmates to help fight child labour. B the history of Free the Children

ty. o use the article as a topic for public speaking . charity.

C how to stop child labour.
)e having 3 Craig and his friends visited schools to
'0 how one boy's courage can bring
A persuade students to join their group.
B let others know that child labour exists. change.
C get signatures for petitions.
o ask students and teachers to donate money. 53
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 * Match the type of art to its
description.
3 * Complete the sentences with the passive form of the
verbs in the brackets.

[!IJ pottery [1D painting 1 This garden ........................................................... (plant) by

crr:J sculpting [ID computer
guerrilla gardeners last year.
2 Janet's paintings ..................................................... (exhibit)
[]I] photography graphics
right now at the art gallery on Con nor Street.
[ID collage [ID drawing 3 Antonio ............................................... (award) first prize in
[}I] graffiti the art competition last month.
4 His drawings ............................................... (love) by people
A Pictures made by hand using a pencil.
of all ages.
B Pictures made by sticking pieces of
5 The new sculpture gallery .....................................................
paper and cloth onto a paper.
(complete) next week.
C Making objects by carving a
6 Two young men ................ ................................... (arrest) b,
material such as stone.
police for spray painting a bridge this morning.
D Pictures that are drawn in public
places.
E Pictures created by using a camera. 4 * Compete the text with the passive form of the verbs
F Making pictures by brushing colour in brackets.
liquid onto a surface.
G Making objects out of clay.
H Images created by using high-tech
Right now in cities around the world ordinary streets and
equipment.
pavements 1) ..................................... (transform) into fantastical

2 * Fill in: public, brighten up,

crumbling, fair, phenomenon,
scenes such as sharks bursting from the cement or giant cracks
splitting the earth apart. These are the creations of 3D street
artists. The three-dimensional effects of these images are so
transform, offensive, rundown.
realistic that viewers feel like they 2) .......................... (transport)
1 He lives in a poor and .................. . inside the scene. These amazing scenes 3) ................................ ..
neighbourhood. (draw) first with chalk and then they 4) ........................................ .
2 Colourful street art helps ............ . (paint) with acrylic paint. 3D street artists like Edgar Mueller, work
the community. for many days to create their temporary artworks. Mueller's work
3 She refuses to go to the gallery as 'Shark Attack' 5) ...... .. ............................ (create) on a street in
she finds the artwork .............. .. .. . Hong Kong . Viewers 6) ....................................... (amaze) by the
4 He repairs ........................... walls image's realistic effect and often avoided stepping on it. :
with colourful Lego bricks.
Sometimes Mueller 7) ........ ............................ (inspire) sudden ly
5 This neighbourhood has its .... .....
and will just start creating a scene in a street. You just never knoVl
.................. share of graffiti with
when the next street 8) ................................. (cover) with a scene
lots of colourful walls.
6 The artist became a worldwide
............................ and his work is
recognised everywhere.
7 ............... opinion differs on what
is street art and what is vandalism .
8 Street artists want to .......... .. ...... ..
public spaces into more attractive
areas.
54
 Ir

Vocabulary Grammar
n of th e a) * Match the words to form phrases. 4 ** Rewrite the sentences in
the passive.

>Iant) b}
QIJ security
A methods 1 The police didn't let reporters enter
[ID store
B scientist the crime scene. .. ........................ ..
[exhibit) [ID scientific C scene
m=J forensic D chip 2 They made him give a DNA sample.
t prize ir [I[J physical E detective
ITIJ crime F guard
3 He won't let her see the evidence.
y peoplE
lID armed G evidence
H microscope
[ID silicon
robbery
[}I] electron 4 People believe the detectives will
rrest) by solve the crime . .. ... ...................... ..
b) ** Complete the sentences with some of the
phrases from Ex. 1a. 5 They think that the police have
le verb s arrested the wrong man .............. .
• Max was caught shoplifting by the .. ... .. .. ...... .. ......... .. .. ..... . .
, They found .. ...................................... ...... such as blood and
fingerprints in the getaway car.
3 £200,000 was taken in a(n) .. .. .. .. .. ........ .... .. .. .. .. ........ .. ....... .. .
5 * Complete the sentences
using the causative.
at the National Bank this morning .
ets and 1 A technician is installing a security
.! Police detectives and forensic scientists soon arrived at the
ntastical camera at the shop. The shop .. .....
t cracks
D street
are so
* Choose the correct preposition.
2 Someone stole my wallet on the
train . I ...... .................................. ...
tnsport) • The murder case was solved in/at record time.
• The day ended at/with an arrest of a suspect. 3 Someone has broken into John's
! Various people were involved in/to collecting evidence at house. John ............... .. ...... ...... .... ..
ler, work th e crime scene.
!r's work e specialises atlin DNA analysis. 4 The mechanic will put an alarm in
street in :J Th e technician removed DNA of/from the hair sample. Tina 's car. Tina .... ... ........... .. ...... ... ..
!) by the
I on it.
;uddenly
* Fill in: analyse, solved, present, identify, played.
6 * Write the correct reflexive
he fibres found at the scene .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. .................. .. ...... . pronoun.
fer know
a role in catching the suspect.
a scene 1 We changed the locks on the doors
t the lab, technicians .. .. .. ...... .. .................... ...... .. ...... all the
evidence collected from a crime.
aren was asked to .. ....... .. .... ....... ..................... .. .. evidence 2 John caught the thief .... .. ......... .
!rom her lab in court. 3 I took the picture of the suspect
he detectives ....... .. ...... ............................. .... the case with
e help of an important witness. 4 Sa lly examined the fibres .. .. ..... ..
hese machines ....... ..... ........................................ chem icals
eft on evidence. 5 They found the stolen money .. .. .

55
 Vocabulary Everyday English
1 a) * Match the words to form phrases. 4 * Use the sentences to complete the
dialogue. There is one extra sentence.
[IT] civil A figure
[IT] • Can you describe the man?
low B discrimination
[IT] • Yes, it's 111 Beach Road.
public C wages
[IT] • Where and when did you witness
witness D change
the incident, Ms Wheeler?
[IT] political E places
[I[J • It's nice to meet you, Karen .
racial F rights
[IT] • No, I don't think so .
inspirational G statement
• What happened next?

b) * Complete the sentences with some A: 1) .................. .. .. .. .... .

of the phrases from Ex. 1a. B: I was standing on
the corner of
1 White and African Americans were separated in
Charles Street and
..... ..... .... ........................... until the mid-1950s.
Harbour Lane on
2 Martin Luther King campaigned for ................ .
Tuesday even ing at
.................... such as laws to stop segregation .
about 7 o'clock.
3 Many African-American workers received ........
A: And what did you see?
.. ................................ in comparison to whites.
B: I saw a man trying
4 The work of Martin Luther King led to the
break into a house.
outlawing of .. ................................................ .
A: 2) ............................................... ..
B: I shouted and the man ran away.
2 ** Choose the correct item. A: 3) ....... .......... ......... ..... .... .......... .................... .
1 Martin Luther King had/saw a dream of equal B: Yes, he was tall and wearing black clothes, a
rights for everyone. hat and gloves.
2 King's peaceful protest sparked/attracted the A: OK. So is there anything else you can tell me
attention of many famous people. about the incident?
3 Whites and African-Americans were not B: 4) ................................................................ ..
treated/campaigned equally in the 1950s. A: Can I have your address and phone number,
4 King led/boycotted the Civil Rights Movement. please?
5 The Civil Rights Movement achieved/managed B: 5) .... ................................ .............. .. ....... ...... .
results in a short period of time. My telephone number is 555 369 7889.
A: Thank you very much.

3 *resulted, inspired.
Fill in:struck, mourned, sparked, assassinated,
5 ** Use the information in the news
1 The demonstrations in Alabama .... .................. . report to write a dialogue similar to the
in a ban on segregation of blacks and whites. one in Ex. 4.
2 King was .............. by the teachings of Gandhi.
3 Tragedy .................... when Martin Luther King POLICE HUNT ROBBER =
was .................................... in 1968. The world Police are searching for a masked man who held up a
................. :........ his loss. bank teller at gunpoint on Friday morning. Witness
4 A woman's refusal to move on a bus .... ........ .. .. Gerry Franklin describes the man as short and slim
a revolution that changed America. and wearing athletic clothes ...
=
56
 Vocabulary 3 * Choose the correct word.
le * Match the crimes with the sentences. 1 It's easy for hackers to access weak/thin
:e. computer systems.
~ robbery E arso!l..
F speeding 2 I work for a personal/private company that
B shop lifting
checks computer security.
G
__ __ ~ H 3 The bank hired/borrowed a hacker to test the
security of their computer system .
I::J They broke in and took my TV, computer, 4 A programmer won/gained access to the
and all my jewellery. companies records and deleted valuable
I=:J He threatened her, grabbed her bag and ran
information.
away. S There are some computer viruses that try to access
r:J Two masked men entered the bank and stole people's confidential/classified passwords.
over 2 million euros.
IJ Tom was stopped by the police and given a

I=:J
ticket for driving too fast.
The teenager tried to take a CD from the 4 * Fill in: steal, robbed, commit, caused,
infected, disrupt, crash.
store, but the store detective caught him.
I=:J Someone took John's wallet on the train and 1 A virus .................... our computer system and
he didn't even realise it had happened until erased the hard drive.
much later. 2 The virus caused my computer to .. ....... .. ....... .
:=J The two men were seen going into the 3 Some cyber criminals target personal computers
basement of the building and within half an so they can ......................... someone's identity.
hour, the whole building was in flames. 4 Martin didn't ....................... the crime; he was
IJ They covered the school walls with graffiti at work at the time .
and broke lots of windows . S Police said the men they arrested had .. .......... .
thes, a
2 a) * Match the words to form phrases.
the Central Bank just hours earlier.
6 The computer virus .............................. a lot of
tell me
CID speed A damage problems for the company.
m=l public B accounts 7 Hackers sometimes ...................... public services
[I[J global C jam such as power stations and water supplies for fun .
umber, [![] cause o limit
[1[J online E scale
lID traffic F property 5 * Choose the correct preposition.
b) * Complete the sentences with the 1 The road signs displayed t%n drivers were all
phrases from Ex. 2a. wrong.
• Slow down, you're driving over the ................. . 2 So many essential public services rely on/to
5 .. Th e virus caused destruction on a ...... .............. . computers to operate.
the .. .... ..... , affecting computers around the world. 3 The city had to resort tolin policemen directing
3 I was caught in a ........ ..... ................................ . traffic when the traffic computer system
on the motorway. crashed.
- Crackers .. .. .................................................. .... .. 4 Governments are very concern~ about the
.d up a o computer systems. threat from/of cyber terrorism .
fitness - For safety reasons use different passwords for S There is a worm c,apable of/at stealing your
d slim your ....... ..... ................................ .. ... ............. .. . computer password~.
~ A group of people were seen destroying ........ ..
.. ........................ .... .. ............... ........ in the park.
57
 Vocabulary Grammar
1 * Fill in: attempted, 3 ** Rewrite in reported speech.

sentenced, made, found, sent, reached,
scratched, attend.
1 Mr Jacobs was .................... to prison after the
jury finally ............................. their verdict and
......................... him guilty of the attacks.
2 The burglars .......................... a quick getaway
through the window of the house.
3 The cat ...................... the thief and frightened
him away!
4 Several guard dogs ..................................... the
yard at night.
S The parrot .............................. loudly when we
entered the pet shop.
6 The burglars were ........................ to two years
in prison.
7 The thieves ....................... to rob the bank but
they were caught by the police.
8 All jurors must .................. court during a trial.
9 The police .................................. the thief from
his fingerprints that were left at the scene.
1 "The police caught the burglar today," the
reporter said .................................................... .
2 "I lock my doors every night," said Mr Thompson.
3 "Mary will be a witness in court," said her
lawyer.............................................................. .
4 "Put your hands behind your back," the
policeman told the man ................................. ..
S "Have the police arrested anyone yet?" Kelly
asked us .......................................................... .
6 "Don't move!" the policeman told the man.
4 ** Rewrite the orders and questions in
reported speech.
1 "Where were you at the time of the robbery?"
the policeman asked me ................................. ..
2 "Stand against the wall!" the policeman told

2 a) * Match the words to form phrases. the man .......................................................... ..

3 "Did you phone the fire service?" Kelly asked

ITD gang A institute
us .................................................................... .
[IT] quick B door
[IT] back C form
4 "Go and see the judge immediately!" the lawyer
lIT] guard D sample
said .................................................................... .
[ID research E of burglars
[]I]
[ID
DNA ...
census
F
G
dog
service 5 ** Report the sentences using the verbs
in brackets.
[IT] jury H getaway
1 "We have new evidence that proves who did

b) * Complete the sentences with some

of the phrases from Ex. 2a.
it," the detective said. (EXPLAINED) .............. ..

2 "You stole my bracelet!" she said to me.

1 The burglars made a ......................... :............. ..
through the window of the house.
2 Fill out this ......................................... with the
names of all the members of your family.
3 At the .................................................. they do
experiments with different crops.
4 The thieves left unnoticed through the .......... ..
(ACCUSED) ............ .......................................... .
3 "I will call David as soon as I get home," she
told us. (PROMISED) ...... ................................. .
4 "I wasn't at the bank that day," he said .
(DENIED) .................. ................ ...................... ..

58
 Vocabulary Grammar & Vocabulary
a) * Match the words t o form
phrases.
3 * Read the t ext and complete the gaps 1-5 ~",~.
with words derived from the words ~~
lY," the in bold.
=0 high A bumps
)mpson. }:=Jtraffic B ground Fingerprinting has been around since
J=:Jpiles C crime rate 1892. Since then we have been using it to
iaid her ~ waste D transport
identify criminals and unknown victims.
=r=Jspeed E of rubbish
Today a popular 1) .............................. .
k," the }IJ public F congestion
(APPLY) of fingerprinting technology is in car.
b) * Complete the sentences
with the phrases from Ex. 1a.
theft 2) ................... .... ........ (PREVENT).
When a fingerprinting identification device is installed
?" Kelly
in a new car only those people whose fingerprints are
• Be careful at night; this
neighbourhood has a .. ................ .. entered in the system can start the vehicle. Seeing as no two
nan. The new ... ..... .... .. ...... will prevent fingerprints are 3) .... ... ........................ (LIKE), it is the most
the cars from going too fast. secure key in order to protect our vehicles from theft.
3 In my neighbourhood we don 't When Rick Evans learnt about this technology he was
ns in
have very good ...... .. .................... , 4) """ '"'''''' '' '''''''''''''' (THRILL). "You don't have to worry
only a local bus . about losing your keys or someone else taking them. All you
bbery?" .! Look at the .. .. ................ ... . on the need is your fingerprint." However, others like Mr Jeroen
street; it's awful and unsanitary. Keuning 5) ............................... (APPROVE) of this. They
- There is such terrible ....... .. .. ........ .. have certain identity theft concerns. "We leave over 25
lan told in the city centre that I hardly ever almost perfect fingerprints lying around per day, what's to
drive there anymore. prevent someone from stealing one!" Others raise the
The council needs to find good use question, "What would happen if you burnt your fingers?"
y asked for the ..... ..... ............... in our city.
Vet, despite these concerns, fingerprinting technology is
Listening becoming more and more popular.

=lawyer ** 0 You will hear Jodie

t alking about her job as a store
detective. Listen and mark the Everyday English
verbs sentences T (true) or F (false).
Tick (I) the correct box. 4 * Choose the correct exchange.

• ~ store detective spends---

Nho did 1 A: I got st uck in traffic.
100% of their time in the
store. B: a What a nightmare! b Yes. Thank you!
o 'odie often pays attention 2 A: Someone stole my CD player.
to me.
lO a shopper's clothing . B: a That's OK. b You're joking!
« She always approaches a
shopper when she thi nks 3 A: Someone sprayed graffiti on
le," she the school wall .
: hey've taken something.
- She says she finds her job B: a That's been happening a lot! b Not really!
'elaxing. 4 A: I sprained my ankle.
le said .
_ She doesn't always feel B: a Of course! b That's terrible!
~a ppy when she catches a
5'1 oplifter. 59
 Writing (a letter to the editor making 4 * Read the rubric and answer the questions.
suggestions and giving your opinion) r-------------------.
1 * Read the letter and put the paragraphs
in the correct order. What is the writer's
I
I
I
You have just read a worrying article in your
local newspaper about an increase in crime :
.
I

I in residential neighbourhoods. Write a letter I

reason for writing? : to the editor suggesting what could be :
~ ---"""
Dear Sir/Madam, I done about this (150-200 words). I
.-------------------~
~ In summary, I am totally
1 What's your reason for writing? ..................... ..
in favour of tackling the traffic
2 How will you begin/end your letter? .............. ..
congestion problem in our town
3 Which ideas would help the problem the most .
with practical solutions. I really
Check (I') the two ideas that you like the best.
hope that the city council will take
my suggestions into consideration.
• more police on the streets 0
• installation of better street lighting 0
[ [ [ ] I am writing in response to • Neighbourhood Watch programs 0
the article that I read about the terrible traffic congestion • organising seminars about protecting
in the city centre. I strongly agree with doing something your home 0
to improve this situation. In my opinion, there are a 4 What could be the results/consequences?
number of solutions to the problem. idea 1 .............................................................. .
[TI] In addition, I would suggest introducing a bicycle idea 2 .... ... ....................................................... .
rental system together with the construction of new
bicycle lanes. Residents would be able to pick up a bike at 5 * Use the prompts below to write full
various stations for a small fee, ride the bike around town, sentences, as in the example.
and then drop it off at another station near their
1 I/strongly believe/neighbourhoods/benefit
destination. This way, many people would be happy to
from/Neighbourhood Watch schemes ::
leave their cars at home as cycling is fun, cheap, and keeps
you fit, too.
I strongly believe that neighbourhoods would
benefit from more Neighbourhood Watch schemes.
[]I] First of all, I suggest that a congestion charge
2 In my opinion/people/need/install/burglar alarms
should be introduced that drivers have to pay before they
3 I/think/more police/patrol/our neighbourhoods
can drive around town . Consequently, many drivers
4 I/hope/my comments/take/into consideration
would be put off by this and not drive their cars; they
would be encouraged to walk or use the town's excellent
public transport sys~em instead.
6 ** Use your answers in Exs 4 and 5 and
the sentences from the Useful language box
Yours faithfully, to write your letter.
Kirk Summers
'-:: . :. .:: ...---

2 * Match the words in bold in the letter in

Ex. 1 with the alternatives below.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Para 1: reason for writing/opinion
Para 2&3: suggestions & possible results/consequences
1 All in all ........................................................... .
Para 4: restate of opinion/in different words
2 As a result ...................................................... .. Yours faithfully,
3 Consequently .......................................... .. .. ... ..
4 To start with .................................................... . Useful language
5 Furthermore .................................................... .
Reason for writing: I am writing in response to ... ,
6 I think that ...................................................... .
Suggestions/possible results: First of all, .. , This way ...
7 I am totally in favour of .................................. . Restate opinion: In summary .. ., I hope that ... will
* Underline the writer's opinion in the letter. take my suggestions into cons ideration .. ,
..
~., ~-~" ... ..;
 estions. Vocabulary
I
- -.,
-your I * Fill in: wipe out, fights, raise, founded, protest. Notions & Functions
crime : Save the Children is an organisation that ............ .
letter I Choose the correct response.
for children's rights.
Id be : 2 A British lawyer .......... ............ ........... Amnesty 1 A: Can you describe the man?
-- - . International in 1961.
3 Pragathi is an organisation that aims to .......... .
B: a He was tall and had a scar on his face.
b He shouted and pushed her to the
.. ...... ..... child labor and offer kids a better life. ground.
4 John is organising a charity concert to ............ .
le most. 2 A: Someone broke into my car.
support for homeless children.
le best. B: a Oh no! That's terrible!
~ They organised a demonstration to ................ .
D against child labour. b What happened?
D
g
D * Circle the correct particle.
3 A: What exactly did you see?
B: a Two men ran out of the bank.
b I noticed one had a tattoo on his arm.
D The countries tried to work out I on their
s? differences and come to a peaceful solution. 4 A: I appreciate your help.
2 He was able to set off I up a meeting with the B: a Sure.
editor of the newspaper. b You're welcome.
3 The soldier's shoes were worn out I off from
walking through the jungle. 5 A: What happened next?
:ull
~ With all his campaign work Ben has little time B: a They saw me and ran away.
to work out I on at the gym. b I saw a few boys throwing rocks .
?fit ) The man tried to run away I into but was 6 A: My shoe got stuck in a hole in the pavement
captured by the dictator's army. and I fell.
Id
B: a You're joking! How awful!
:hemes.
Ir alarms
3 * Fill in the correct word derived from the b Something should be done!
words in brackets.
loods 7 A: When did you witness the incident?
ration A ...................................... is a wealthy country B: a As I was crossing Glendale Road.
that uses its position in the world to protect its b On Tuesday night at about 11 pm.
5 and own interests. (POWER)
ge box
S A: Is there anything else you can tell me?
People in ..................................... countries like
B: a Not really.
Uganda live in poverty. (DEVELOP)
b I appreciate your help.
3 Canada is a ................................... society that
welcomes immigrants of all races and religions. 9 A: Can I take your address please?
(CULTURAL) B: a Yes, thank you very much .
- The article got the newspaper editor's ............ . b Sure. It's 111 Maple Drive.
..... ......................... . (APPROVE)
10 A: I got stuck in a traffic jam this morning.
_ Jeff set his alarm so that he wouldn't ............ ..
B: a No, I don't think so.
and miss the protest rally. (SLEEP)
b What a nightmare!

way ...
... will

61
 Language & Grammar Review
Choose the correct answer.

1 The hacker was arrested for ....... computer 16 Amy asked ....... we had spoken to the police yet.
viruses. A that B what C if
A downloading B spreading C disrupting
17 Sarah apologised ....... breaking my camera.
2 A Neighbourhood Watch scheme has been A by B with C for
in our area.
18 It ....... the thieves escaped through the window.
A set on B set off C set up
A is thinks B is thought C is thinking
3 We weren't ....... to touch the evidence.
19 The burglars were ....... to two years in prison.
A allowed B allowing C to be allowed
A sent B attended C sentenced
4 The store ....... caught the shoplifter as she was
20 The detective ....... out who had committed th
leaving the shop.
crime.
A detective B guard C lawyer
A solved B worked C identified
5 Dan's house ....... broken into last night.
21 Amy told me ....... the back door.
A is B has been C was
A to lock B for locking Clock
6 The street cameras will record ....... driving.
22 ....... of rubbish lined the streets.
A dramatic B dangerous C unfair
A Holes B Piles CLack
7 Ken painted over the graffiti ........
23 Traffic ....... adds to air pollution.
A himself B ourselves C yourself
A congestion B disruption C
8 The suspect ....... his house searched by the police.
24 Tony and Sue ....... joining Amnesty
A had B did C was
International.
9 Harry ....... a toast to the couple's future. A promised B admitted C suggested
A released B traced C made
25 An act was ....... to make everyone equal.
10 Did you know that Barry ....... his new car stolen? A passed B assassinated C inspired
A have B has Chad
.. 26 The vandals ran ....... when they saw the police .
11 The jury hasn't reached a ....... yet. A to B out of C away
A verdict B judge C court
27 The new museum ....... next week.
12 Sam asked how much damage ....... by the A was opened B is opened
vandals. C will be opened
A is caused B caused C was caused
28 Kelly works in the lab as a forensic ........
13 When the aspirin wore .. ..... , my headache came A detective B scientist C suspect
back.
29 Martin Luther King Jr ....... Montgomery buses
A away Bout C off
protest against unfair treatment of an Af
14 The fire is thought to be an act of ........ American.
A pickpocketing B arson C mugging A boycotted B banned

15 Hackers ....... weaknesses in computer systems. 30 The city council has bu ilt more ....... bumps on
A warn B exploit C gain roads.
A driving B traffic C speed
62
 Reading Task (Missing sentences)
Read the text. Five sentences are missing.
Match each sentence (A-F) to the gaps (1-5).
Jlice yet.
There is one extra sentence.

lera.
IllbtlaK fc)l!:
theR ItiCl)ts
it;;UJtM4iJi£.iAL..q
Jrison.
tenced

,tified

m in 1863 to working class parents, Alice left rally in Hyde Park, London. The day became known as
< chool at 13 to work as a machinist in a shoe factory 'Women's Sunday' and over 250,000 supporters
the city of Leicester, England. [ID While still a attended. The event made national news and Alice was
regatio n oung woman, Alice took her first steps as an activist singled out by The Times newspaper as one of the
joining the trade union movement for fairer most notable speakers that day.
:onditions in the workplace. The days of the British suffragette movement came to
J .er the years, Alice became disappointed with the an abrupt halt when the nation turned its attention to
gested
_ .ion. She felt that it neglected women's rights and the Great War of 1914. [IT] In 1920, British women
iI. .as much more focused on male workers, who were were given their right to vote. Alice continued working
Ispired ~ill regarded as the 'breadwinners' in society. So, in with the local trade union up until her death in 1946 at
-"07, Alice travelled to London to attend her first the age of 83. Even today the memory of brave 'AI ice
police.
~eeting of the Women's Social and Political Union the suffragette' lives on.
Iy
SPU). On that same day, the group marched to the
- ouse of Commons to demand voting rights.
rJ They arrested Alice and imprisoned her for the
-'"5t time.
at first prison experience had a big impact on Alice.
lect
=.LJ In fact, she felt inspired to fight even harder for
:-e cause by setting up a new branch of the WSPU in
buses to _~ i c ester. She worked tirelessly with local shoe trade
Africa rkers and would spend her Sundays cycling out to
-. "ns and villages to campaign for support. GIJ
Irned - 'ce fought on. The highpoint of her campaigning
1$ on the 3ars came in June 1908 when she spoke at a huge

!d
 Adverbs Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, b
with a difference in meaning.
Form
• We usually form adverbs by adding -Iy to the adjective.
beautiful- beautifully I think it's good. I am thinking of buying a car.
• When the adjective ends with a consonant +y, we drop (= I believe) (= am considering)
the -y and add -ily to form the adve rb. lucky -luckily I am having lunch. (= eating)
He has a motorbike.
• When the adjective ends in -le we drop the -e and add -y. (= own, possess) He is having a bath. (= taking)
simple - simply
• Some adverbs have the same form as their adjectives. You can see the park from my He's seeing his friends tomorrow.
long -+ long, fast -+ fast, hard -+ hard, early -+ early, room. (= it is visible) (= meeting)
late -+ late I see what the problem is.
Note: good -+ well (= understand)
This pie tastes very good. Ken is tasting the soup to see if it
Use (= it is/has the flavour of) has enough salt. (= is trying )
Adverbs usually describe verbs. He walks slowly.
Adverbs can show manner (how), place (where ), time The roses smell great. The dog is smelling the bushes.
(= have the aroma) (= is sniffing)
(when ) and frequency (how often ). Adverbs usually go after
verbs. He appears to be upset. Rihanna is appearing in Madrid
He speaks loudly. (How does he speak? Loud ly. - manner) (= seems to) this week. (= is performing)
He went upstairs. (Where did he go? Upstairs. - place)
The jacket fits him well. They are fitting new windowsin
She left early. (When did she leave? Early. - time)
(= it's the right size) their house. (= are installing)
He visits us every week. (How often does he visit us? Every
week. - frequency)
Note: The verb enjoy can be used in continuous tenses -
express a specific preference.
Present simple - Present continuous I really enjoy dancing. (general preference)
Use BUT I'm enjoying a quiet afternoon at home. (speci
We use the present simple for: preference)
• permanent states. John lives in Russia. Th e verbs feel (when we experience a particular emotior
• daily routines. He works from lOto 6 everyday. hurt and ache can be used in simple or continuous tens
• repeated actions. He usually plays golf at the weekends. with no difference in meaning.
I feel hungry. = I am feeling hungry.
We use the present continuous for:
• actions happening now, at the time of speaking.
Adverbs
Tony is watching TV right now.
• actions happening not necessarily now, but around the
time of speaking. Laura is looking for a new job these days.
1 Write the adverbs of the adjectives in the
list. Place the adverbs in the correct box.
The following verbs do not usually have a present
• strange • easy • comfortable • enthusiastic
continuous form .
have (=possess), like, love, want, know, live, remember, • hard • creative • lazy • patient • angry
understand, believe; need, see, smell, ete. • clumsy • terrific • m~gic • fast • terrible
I need a pen. (NOT: I'm r:I€€r;/ir:l9 a pen. ) • late • reliable • brave • realistic
I have a car. (NOT: I'm ~61l'ir:l9 a car.)
BUT I'm having breakfast now. (= I'm eating) -Iy strangely, .................................. .

Stative verbs
Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than consonant + y - t easily, .........................................
an action and do not usua lly have a continuous form. -ily ................................................. ..
These are:
• verbs of the senses (appear, feel, hear, look, see, smell, comfortably, ........... .. ..................
-le -t -Iy
sound, taste, etc). She sounds worried.
• verbs of perception (believe, forget, know, understand,
etc). I don't believe what you're telling me. -ic -t -ally enthusiastically, .. .................. ... ..
• verbs which express feelings and emotions (desire,
enjoy, hate, like, love , prefer, want, etc). I hate dancing.
• other verbs: belong, contain, cost, fit, have, keep, need, hard, ........................................ ..
owe, own, etc. This bag costs 75 pounds. No change
:.

64
 te nses, b Put the adverbs into the correct column: 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the present
bravely, gently, here, soon, often, quickly, away, simple or the present continuous. How do the
sometimes, now, slowly, far, lately, usually, well sentences differ in meaning?
ng a car.
How Where When How often 1 a The critic (taste) .................. the food now.
manner) (place) (time) (frequency) b This pizza (taste) .................... ..... delicious!
• ea ti ng)
= taki ng) 2 a She (appear) .. .... .... .. ........... to like her job.
i
tomorrow. b My favourite band (appear) .... .. .......... .. .... ..
in concert tomorrow.
Present simple - Present
3 a I (have) ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. . dinner with my
continuous
~ parents tomorrow night.
J tosee if it
Put the verbs in brackets into the present b I (have) ...........................~... .. ..... ................ .
trying)
simple or present continuous. a copy of my CV with me.
e bushes.
4 a Robert (think) .......... ...... .. .. .. .. .. .................. .
t A: What ..................................................... ...... .
of applying for the job.
in Madrid (you/do) tomorrow morning?
ming)
b Maggie (think) .......... .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... ........ ..
B: I ........................... .. (go) to a job interview.
interviews are fun.
indows in A: ... ......... ........... .... .. ... ......... ....... (Jamesllike)
tail ing) S a You can (see) .................................... .......... .
babysitting?
her paintings in the gallery.
B: Actually, he .................. ............ .. .. . (love) it.
tenses tc b They (see) .............. .. .. .. .............................. ..
3 A: Why ........................ . (you/carry) a helmet?
each other at the motocross race tomorrow.
B: I ....................................... (go) white-water
(speci fic rafting after school.
eo! A: .......... .............. (you/have) any experience
6 Put the verbs in brackets into the present
emotion simple or the present continuous. Then
tense:
)US with animals?
answer the questions about yourself.
B: Yes, I ................................. (live) on a farm.
:I A: What .......... .......... ................... (Helen/do)? 1 .................. .. ................................ .. ... (youllike)
B: She ........................... (work) as a lifeguard. doing extreme sports in your spare time?

Put the verbs in brackets into the present

2 .. ...................... (you/build) a robot right now?
in the simple or the present continuous.
box.
• John .......................................... (train) the boys' 3 ...... .. .... .. .. .... .......... .. .. (your dad/drive) a taxi?
lusiastic football team every Monday, but this week he
19ry .. ..................................... (train) the girls' team. 4 ........ .......... .. .. .. .. .... ........ .. .... (you/do) anything
rible ~ I .. ......................................... (hang out) with my exciting this weekend?
riends every weekend, but this weekend I ......
.... .. ........................ (visit) my cousins in London. S .. .. .. .. ................ .. .. .. .... (your brother/often go)
ost Saturdays Nick .................... .. ...... ........ (go) to sports camp in the summer?
........... , rock climbing, but this Saturday he .................. .
(learn) how to paraglide. 6 .. .. .... .... .... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. . (you/prefer) working
- Jane usually ..................................... (look after) on your own?
sick children, but today she .............................. ..
(prepare) a surprise party for them. 7 ~~~~f.~.I.I~; . . . ....................... (your mum/drive)
e often ...................................... (go) shopping
at the weekend, but this weekend we ............ ..
.. .. ............................................ (study) for a test. 8 .... .... .... .................. .. .......... (your friend/paint)
_ David rarely ........ .................................... (travel) a picture right now?
abroad, but he ........................................ (fly) to
Spain this week.
65
 Comparisons • comparative and comparative: The weather is getting
colder and colder.
• We use the comparative to compare one person or • a bit/a little/far/slightly + comparative form
thing with another. We use the superlative to compare adjective/adverb: I feel a bit better today.
one person or thing with the others of the same group. • by far + superlative form of adjective/adverb:
We often use than after a comparative. This is by far the best meal you've ever cooked.
Chris is taller than John.
• We normally use the before a superlative. We can use in
or of after superlatives. We often use in with places.
Anne is the oldest of the three children. Comparisons
Pedro is the best student in the class.
7 a) Complete the table with the correct
Formation of comparatives and superlatives of adjectives comparative and superlative forms of the
and adverbs adjectives.
• With one-syllable adjectives, we add -(e)r to form the
comparative and -(e)st to form the superlative .
cold - colder - the coldest Adjective Comparative Superlative
Note: For one-syllable adjectives ending in vowel + brave braver the bravest
consonant, we double the consonant.
thin - thinner - the thinnest exciting
• With two-syllable adjectives, we form the comparative difficult
with more + adjective and the superlative with most +
adjective. deep
Note: For two-syllable adjectives ending in consonant + good
-y, we replace -y with -i and add -er/-est.
busy - busier - the busiest young
• With adjectives having more than two syllables, smart
comparatives and superlatives are formed with more/the
most. exciting - more exciting - the most exciting
carefu l
Note: clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow,
pleasant, polite, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid form their b) Complete the sentences with adjectives
comparatives and superlatives either with -er/-est or with from the completed table.
more/the most. quiet - quieter/more quiet - the quietest/the
most quiet 1 Hillary is braver than her brother. She's no-
• With adverbs that have the same form as their adjectives afraid of anything.
(hard, fast, free, late, high, low, deep, long, near,
straight), we add -er/-est. hard - harder - the hardest
2 The sports camp is .. .............. .... .. .. ....... of all t hE
Note: Adverbs formed by adding -Iy to the adjective take summer camps . It's thrilling .
more in the comparative and the most in the superlative 3 William's by far .. .. .. .. .......... .. ............ student i
form. quickly - more quickly - the most quickly the class. He always gets the best marks.
4 You have to be a bit .. ...... .. .......... .. .... .... .... nex:
w ru l!illJlEiri.D
time you go white-water rafting so you don'-
Positive Comparative Superlative
good/well better best
fa ll out of the raft again .
- 5 Sara can freedive ...................................... tha :-
much/many/a lot of more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest me. I can only make it to 10 metres.
bad/badly worse worst 6 That mountain is .................. .................... .. ... o'
little less least all for climbers to climb. Hardly anyone makes '
Note: We can use elder/eldest for people in the same family. to the top.
His elder/eldest brother is an actor. 7 Sam is much ...... .. ................................ than t hs
rest of his teammates. He's only 16 years old.
Study the examples:
8 Street luge is OK, and so is windsurfing, but
• very + adjective/adverb: Diego is a very nice person.
• much + comparative form of adjective/adverb: Your think that mountain biking provides fa
hair looks much better now that you've cut it. .. .................... .. .. .... ... .... exercise.
• (not) as + adjective/adverb + as: David is as old as Carl.
Tom isn't as polite as his sister.

66
:tting
Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets in the
)rm of correct comparative/superlative form.
A smokejumper's job is much ..............................
(dangerous) than a shop assistant's.
Ji m is ........................................................ (polite)
secretary in the office.
~ Interns usually make ............................................ .
!ct (li ttle) money than workers with regular jobs.
le - This painting is slightly .................................... .
(expensive) than the one hanging over there.
- Mr Gavin works .................................................... .
(hard) of all the coaches .
:ive
. So me young people think that finding a job is .
... .................................................. (stressful) than
attending university.
orking as a video games tester sounds a bit
... .............................................. (interesting) than
orking as a gardener.
• Your interview skills are getting ........................ .
(good) and better, but keep practising.
10 Read the text about p.aragliding. For
questions 1-6 choose the best answer
(A, B or C) .
Today, the Paragliding Championships
will determine 1) .................... racer and
Kelly is checking the weather forecast.
All of the racers hope today is
2) .... .. ............. than yesterday because
poor visibility causes a 'No Fly Day'.
The weatherman says there are no
clouds and it is 3) ....... .. .. ......... day sb
far this week. That's great news. The I
time to start arrives so Kelly begins strapping her
backpack on and heading to the takeoff point. She's
nervous because she is 4) .................... experienced
than some of the other competitors. Kelly checks the
wind speed. It's 5) .................... now so she makes the
necessary adjustments. Her goal is to fly 6) ............... ..
of all the racers. It's time to start. Good luck, Kelly!

Co mplete the questions with the correct

co mparative/superlative form of the words
ctives in brackets, and then choose the correct
answer.

's not
11 Circle the correct item.
all the
1 Babysitting is .......... the most popular job for
ent in teens in my area.
. hat age is .......... (old) active
A farther B by far C as far
lifeguard?
. next 2 You seem .......... prepared for the race today.
A 78 years old B 86 years old
don't A much most B much more
l Who won .......... (many) gold medals of all
C much a lot
. than he countries in the 1896 Olympics?
A the United Kingdom 3 Your CV isn't as bad .......... Tom's.
.. ... of B the United States of America A than B that C as
Ikes it - Which of the two colours indicates a .......... 4 Vicky does very .......... at answering questions
(hot) flame? in interviews.
In the A blue B pink A well B better C the best
>Id.
hich of these dogs is typically ...... .... 5 The pizza delivery person takes longer and
but I
(heavy) than 50 kgs? .......... every time!
; far
A English Mastiff B Chihuahua A long B longer C the longest

- What is the world record for .......... (long) 6 The basketball team is playing a .......... better
elevision interview? this season .
A 12 hours B 24 hours A bit B slightly C far
67
 -ing f orm
The -ing form is used:
• as a noun. Drinking milk is very good for your bones.
• after certain verbs: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider,
continue, deny, fancy, go (for activities), imagine, mind,
miss, quit, save, suggest, practise, prevent. I suggest
eating out tonight.
• after love, like, enjoy, prefer, dislike, hate to express
general preference. I love watching old films. BUT for a
specific preference (would like/would prefer/would love)
we use the to-infinitive.
• after expressions such as: be busy, it's no use, it's no good,
it's (not) worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no
point (in), can't stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble,
etc. Jane is busy cooking dinner.
• after spend, waste or lose (time, money, etc).
Don't waste time trying to fix th is.
• after the preposition to with verbs and expressions such
as: look forward to, be used to, in addition to, object to,
prefer (doing sth to doing sth else).
He isn't used to getting up early.
• after other prepositions. John is good at fixing computers.
Infinitive
The to-infinitive is used:
• to express purpose. He's saving money to buy a car.
• after certain verbs that refer to the future (agree,
appear, decide, expect, hope, plan, promise, refuse, etc).
I promise to return the money soon.
• after would like, would prefer, would love, etc to express
a specific preference. I would love to go to the theatre
tonight.
• after adjectives which describe feelings/emotions (happy,
glad, sad, etc), express willingness/unwillingness (eager,
reluctant, willing, et c) or refer to a person's character
(clever, kind, etc); and the adjectives lucky and fortunate.
He's always eager to help out.
• after too/enough. It is too cold to go swimming.
• in the expressions to tell you the truth, to be honest, to
sum up, to begin with, etc. To tell you the truth, I didn't
really think they4 win.
Jl~~~~~I~ " Infinitive, -ing form
Active voice Passive voice
Present (to) play (to) be played
Present Cont. (to) be playing -
Perfect (to) have played (to) have been played
Perfect Cont. (to) have been playing -
present simple/will -t present infinitive
present continuous/future continuous -t present
continuous infinitive
past simple/present perfect/past perfect -t perfect
infinitive
past continuous/present perfect continuous/past perfect
continuous -t present perfect continuous
68
The infinitive without to (bare in finitive) is used:
• after modal verbs. He should see a doctor.
• after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. They
him pay extra. BUT we use the to-infinitive after
made, be heard, be seen, etc (passive form).
He was made to pay extra.
• after had better and would rather. You had better book ec
• help can be followed by the to-infinitive or
infinitive without to. I helped her (to) move the sofa.
Some verbs can take either the to-infinitive or the
form with a change in meaning.
• forget + to-infinitive = not remember
He forgot to take his wallet with him.
• forget + -ing form = not recall
I'll never forget skiing down the Alps.
• remember + to-infinitive = not forget
Did you remember to wish Sue a happy birthday?
• remember + -ing form = recall
I remember going bun gee jumping for the first time.
• mean + to-infinitive = intend to
I didn't mean to hurt her feelings.
• mean + -ing form = involve
If we go there by car, it will mean spending a lot on petrol.
• regret + to-infinitive = be sorry to (normally used -
the present simple with verbs such as say, tell, inforrr.
I regret to inform you that your flight is delayed.
• regret + -ing form = feel sorry about
I regret spending so much money.
• try + to-infinitive = attempt, do one's best
I tried to open the drawer but it was stuck.
• try + -ing form = do something as an experimen t =
He should try cutting down on fatty foods.
• stop + to-infinitive = stop temporarily in order to c
something else
On our way to the beach, we stopped to take some photo~
• stop + -ing form = finish doing something
He stopped talking when the teacher walked in.
12 Underline the correct item.
1 A: Did you sign up for the rugby team? --
B: Of course! I love to play/playing sports.
2 A: Can you give/to give me some advice?
B: Sure. What's the problem?
3 A: Is that new mountain bike yours?
B: No, but I plan to buy/buying one soon.
4 A: Diving is thrilling. You should try/to try it
B: I'd like going/to go sometime.
S A: It's no use to try/trying to fix this hang-gli
B: I'd -better buy/to buy a new one .
j:
3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 1 5 Circle the correct answer.
'. They maj infinitive or -in9 form.
ie after b: ... - -, ,- . 1 The coach made Adam ... .. ... after practice and
~~
Alex, do more drills.
you for your email. I love 1) .... .... ... .. .. ...... . A staying B stay C to stay
~rbookeG .:.1 /\

ve or t- -::-:d) all of your stories about camp. 2) .. .. .............. . 2 Michelle decided .. ...... the UFO club.
hesofa. .~ honest, they make me 3) .... .. .. .. .. .... .. . (laugh) out A joining B join C to join
c. You should 4) ....... .. ............... (post) them on
---=book. 3 It's too hot .. ..... . hiking .
r the -ing - ................... (work) as a counsellor sounds exciting A going B go C to go
: I'd like 6) ............................. (try) it, but I'm 4 It wasn't windy enough .. ...... kitesurfing today.
=_:tant 7) .......................... .. (leave) home. I just A to go B going C go
_ :: trouble 8) ........ ................. (move) somewhere for
5 I look forward ........ part in the competition .
:::: ..thole summer, but next month I hope 9) ........ ......... .
A to take B to taking C taking
.,~t) you and see the camp for myself.
- ..st 10) .. .......... .. ........... (go) now. My favourite TV
_~a m me is starting. Please write again soon!
16 Complete the sentences.
ne.
_- friend, 1 I would like ........................................................ .
2 My friend enjoys ...................................... ... .... ... .
3 My parents let me .................................... ......... .
n petrol. 4 I look forward to ... .................. ........... ......... ...... .
Put the verbs in brackets into the to-
-t 5 I hope ..................... ....... ................................ .... . .
I used ir infinitive or the -in9 form. How do the
, inform 6 I am too tired ......................... .... ... .................. .
sentences differ in meaning?

a Stop 17 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct

-l
(worry) about it. Everyone makes mistakes. infinitive or -in9 form.
b These hiking trails are terrific but I'm
exhausted. Let's stop ... ... .................. (rest).
'iment
_ a I regret .......................... .. .. ... ..................... ..
An AJftA2ing IAd.l
... (inform) you that you didn't make the team . Stephanie Gilmore is a professional surfer from Australia.
er to de She feels fortunate 1) ............................ (have) four world
b Sam regrets ........ .. ........ .. ............................ .
> photos. (spend) the whole night looking for UFOs. championship trophies and hopes 2) ...... ............... . (win)
• a Remember ................................................. .. another one next year. She practises very hard and loves
(bring) the leads for the dogs. 3) .................. (spend) time at the beach. She also enjoys
b I remember ................................................ .. 4) .................... (play) the guitar and going skydiving. Her
(try) to windsurf! I kept falling off the board. unwillingness 5) ............................. (quit) and her relaxed
- a Try ................................ ...... (walk) to work attitude are a perfect combination. She thinks surfers
instead. It's less stressful than driving. should 6) ........ ... ..... .... (focus) on each performance, but
b Try ..... .. ................ ........ (stay) calm. The fire not take it too seriously. Those other surfers
,rts. had better 7) .......... ...... . (listen) because this
service is on its way.
2? advice leads to victories.
_ a I don't mean ... .. .............. .......... .. ................ .
(hurt) your feelings but you didn't make the
team .
m.
b Becoming a professional athlete means
:ry it.
.... ... ................. (train) hard for many years.

I-glide-
 Past continuous Form
Affirmative
Form • We form t he affirmative of most regul ar verbs by ad o
We form the past continuous with was/were (past simple of -ed to the base form of the verb. I play -I played
the verb 'to be ') and the base form of the main verb + -ing . • Other verbs have irregula r affirmative forms. (see lis
I was standing , you were stand ing, he irregular verbs) I come -I came
was standing, etc. Interrogative
I wasn't standing, you weren't standing, • We form questions with did + subject pe
he wasn't standing, etc. pronoun + base form of the verb. Did you play _
Was I standing?, Were you standing?, yesterday? Did you go to the cinema yesterday?
Was he standing?, etc. Negative
Yes, I/he/s he/it was . • We form negatio ns with didn't + base form
Yes, you/we/they were. verb . I didn't watch a film on TV yesterday. She didn't
No, I/he/she/it wasn't. well last night.
No, you/we/they weren't. • We form affirmative short answers wi th did c
negative short answers with didn't.
We use the past continuous for:
"Did you call him?" "Yes, I did."
• two or more actions happening at the same time in the
"Did you go shopping?" "No, I didn't."
past. I was reading a book while John was watching television.
• an action which was in progress when another action
Spelling: affirmative of regular verbs
interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the
• We add -d to verbs ending in -e. I move -I moved
action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for
• Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the -y and add
the action that interrupted it (shorter action). She was
I try -I tried
leaving the house when the telephone rang.
• Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between
• an action in progress at a stated time in the past.
consonants double the last consonant and take -ed.
Jane was watching television at 8 o'clock last night.
I drop -I dropped
• background information in a story. It was snowing heavily
when Tom left home yesterday morning.
Use
We use t he past simple for:
Time expressions used with the past continuous: while,
• actions wh ich started and ended in the past.
when, as, all day/night/morning, yesterday, etc.
I met Kobe Bryant and he gave me his jersey.
• actions which happened at a specific time in the p
The time is either mentioned or implied.
He moved to the US from England in 2003.
Beethoven composed a number of symphonies.
I wa lked/went. Did I walk/go ?
You walked/went. Did you walk/go? Note: When/While/As + past continuous (longer action
He wal ked/went. Did he walk/go' When + past simple (shorter action)
She walked/went. Did she walk/go?
It wal ked/went. Did it walk/go '
We wal ked/went. Did we walk/go' Past simple - Past continuous
You walked/went. Did you walk/go?
They wal ked/went. Did they walk/go? 1 Michael is on holiday in London. Look at
his day planner for yesterday. What was
doing at:
Full Form Short Form
I did not walk/go. I didn't walk/go. • 8:45 • 10:00 • 12:45 • 14:15 • 16:30 • 20:
You did not walk/go . You didn't walk/go.
He did not walk/go. He didn't walk/go. 8:30 - 9:30 eat breakfast
She did not walk/go . She didn't walk/go . 9:45- 12:15 see the sights
It did not walk/go . It didn't walk/go.
We did not walk/go. We didn't walk/go.
12: 30 - 13:45 visit art gallery
You did not walk/go. You didn't walk/go . 14:00 - 15:30 have lunch
They did not walk/go. They didn't walk/go. 16:00 - 17:30 walk around the shops
19:30 - 21:30 watch a play
Yes, I/you/he etc did.
Did I/you/he etc walk/go? ] No, I/you/he etc didn't. What was Michael doing at 8:45 yesterday?
He was eating breakfast.
70
 Use the prompts to write 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the past
'rbs by ado questions and answers, as in simple or the past continuous.
ayed the example.
15. (see lis 1 A: Why .. ........................... .. . (you/arrive) late?
• Jane/ride a camel/S o'clock B: I ....... ... .................. .... ..... (wake) up late and
yesterday? - ride a horse ... .. ..... .. .... ............... ......... .. ... (miss) the bus.
!ct persor - Was lane riding a camel at 5 o'clock yesterday?
2 A: Sandra .............. ...... .... .. ... .... (canoe) in the
you play g ; No, she wasn't. She was riding a horse.
river when she ... .. .................... (hit) a rock.
B: Oh no! .......................... (she/hurt) herself?
2 Tom and his grandfather/ 3 A: I .. ... ......................... (call) you all afternoon
form of
'e didn't sle- swim at 4 o'clock yesterday? yesterday, but you .. ... .. .. ... ... (not/pick up).
- fish in the lake. B: I'm sorry. I .... .. .... ... ...... ... (not/be) at home.
ith did c

5 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple

or the past continuous.
3 Pam/watch a play/at 8:00 It 1) ....... .. .......................... (rain) hard that Sunday
wed yesterday? - watch a ballet. morning. Vince and Andy couldn't go outside. They
md add -ie
2) ...... .. .... .. .... .. ...... (be) bored and 3) .... .... ... .. .. ... .. .
tween h (not/know) what to do until Vince 4) ...... ............ ..
ake -ed. 4 Louise/sing/at 9 o'clock (suggest) exploring the attic upstairs.
yesterday morning? - play They 5) .... ........... ..... .. ... (climb) the stairs slowly,
the guitar. 6) .. .. ....................................... (open) the door and
7) .. ...... .. .................. .. ... (enter) the attic.
1St They 8) .. ..... ............................... (look) around the
attic when suddenly they 9) .. .. .. ................. ...
n the pa
- ~racy/visit/a museum/at (hear) a loud cry. They 10) ......... .. ............... (turn)
:00 yesterday afternoon? round and 11) .. ... .. .. .. ........... (see) a huge shadow.
- vi sit a castle. The boys 12) ..................... .. .... .... ....... (scream) and
'r action) 13) ...... ......... ........... .. . (run) out of the attic as fa st
as they could. As they 14) ............ .. .. .. .. ......... ..
Put the verbs in brackets into the past
(run) out of the house, they 15) ................... (look)
simple or the past continuous.
back and 16) ....... .. ............... (spot) their brother in
JOUS
We ..... ..... .... ............. (walk) around the haunted the attic window! He 17) ..... ... .................... .
lok at ouse when suddenly we ................................... . (laugh) and 18) ................... (point) at them . There
t was hE (hear) a strange sound. 19) .... .. ....................... (be) no ghost after all !
andy ........ .... ...... .. ........ Goin) a rock band and
.. ... .. .. ................ (make) his first single last year.
o • 20: .! At 8:00 yesterday we ...... ............................ .. ..... 6 Complete the sentences with your own
words.
(watch) a show.
he pop singer ...... ........ .. ....... (dance) on stage 1 I was hiking in the mountains when ...................
..vhen she .............. .. .................... ....... (fall) over.
hey ....... ............................ (study) at university 2 As I was walking home from school, .. ............... ..
..vhen they .. ............ ................. ..... ... (design) the
om puter program. 3 When I turned on the TV, ................................... .
he singer ......... .. ....... .............. (warm) up while 4 I was reading a book while ............................... .
>I. e audience .... ...... .. ....... .... .... ............. (wait) to 5 I watched a film and then ................................ .
enter the stadium.
71
 Past continuous vs Past simple
Past Continuous Form: subject + had + past participle
We use the past continuous:
• for an action which was in progress at a stated time
I/You/He etc had not/
in the past. We do not mention when the action started I/You/He etc had played .
hadn't played.
or finished. At eleven o'clock last night we were watching a
film. (We don 't know when the film started or finished. )
• for an action which was in progress when another
action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for Yes, I/you/he etc had.
the action in progress (lon ger action) and the past No, I/you/he etc hadn't.
simple for the action which interrupted it (shorter We use the past perfect:
action) She was cooking dinner when the phone rang. • for an action wh ich finished before another pas
• for two or more simultaneous past actions. action or before a stated time in the past. All th:
She was talking on the phone while he was having a shower. guests had left she arrived at the party. (past perfect: had le ft
• to describe the atmosphere, the setting, etc in the before another past action: arrived) Tom had finished h:
introduction to a story, before we describe the main work by noon. (before stated time in the past: by noon)
events. Alex was driving to work. It was raining heavily. • for an action which finished in the past and whose
result was visible at a later point in the past. She hac
Past Simple passed her test and she was really happy.
We use the past simple :
• for an action wh ich happened at a definite time in the Time expressions used with the past perfect: before,
past. The time is stated, already known or implied. after, already, just, for, since, till/until, when, by the time,
They travelled to India last summer. (When 7 Last summer.
never etc.
The time is stated)
They had a greattime. (The time is already known. )
• for actions which happened immediately one after the
other in the past.
Form: subject + had + been + main verb -ing
First, he had a shower. Then he had breakfast.
• for past habits or states which are now finished. In
such cases we can also use the expression used to.
Paul walked/used to walk to school every day last year.

Used to I/You/He/She/lt/We/They had not/hadn't been running.

• We use used to or the past simple to talk about past
habits or things that do not happen/exist anymore. It has
the same form in all persons (used) and it is followed by Had I/yo u/h e etc Yes, I/you/he/she/itlwe/they had.
the infinitive. I used to play/played the guitar in a band. (I been running? No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn't.
don't play the guitar in a band anymore.)
• We form questions and the negative with the auxiliary We use the past perfect continuous:
verb did/did not (didn't), the subject and the verb use • to put emphasis on the duration of an action whic
without -d. started and finished in the past before anothe
Did you use to go to the cinema very often? action or stated time in the past, usually with for .
Robert didn't use to eat junk food. since.
• We use the past simple for an action which happened at I had been watching TV for an hour when I remembered I ha::
a specific time in the past. forgotten to call my friend.
He went to Paris last month. (NOT: He blmi to 90 to Paris last • for an action which lasted for some time in the pas
month.) and whose result was visible in the past. Sharon wa~
very tired because she had been painting her room all day.
Usedto/Past simple
Time expressions used with the past perfect continuous:
• We use used to + infinitive to refer to past habits or for, since, how long, before, until etc.
states. In such cases, used to can be replaced by the
past simple with no difference in meaning.
She used to go/went to work by bus. (She doesn't anymore.)
• We use the past simple, and not used to, for actions
wh ich happened at a definite time in the past. He went to
a rock concert last week. (NOT: He blmi to 90 to a rock concert
last week.)

72
 Used to 9 Put the verbs in brackets into the past
Write sentences about what Lady perfect or the past perfect continuous.
Gaga used 1 play me piano; 1 David was annoyed. He ...... ....................... (lose)
to/didn't 2 compose classical music X his passport.
use to do 3 attend a music school; 2 She ......................................... (wait) for the bus
when she 4 dance; for 30 minutes before it arrived.
had. was 5 have brown hair;
3 They went to a restaurant after they .............. .. ..
ladn't. younger. 6 live in Italy X
7 drive a car X .. ............. (see) a play.
8 sing; 4 When we got to the airport, the plane .... .......... .
Ither pas'
last. All tf:: ...........................................,...... (alreadylleave).
'et: had feh She used to play the piano. 5 He ........................................ (not/book) a ticket
finished h_ so he couldn't go to the concert.
ynoon)
... , ........................................................................ .
6 Lisa was tired because she .. ............................... .
I1d whose ! . .................................................................... . ... .
(travel) all day.
st. She hac ......................................................... , ............... .
7 The audience were excited. The singers ............ ..
......................... (give) an amazing performance.
: before, 8 Sam was out of breath . He ................................ ..
:he tim e,
! . .. , . .................................................................... .
.................. (work out) in the gym all afternoon.

10 Put the verbs in brackets into the past

Past simple - Past perfect - simple, the past continuous/the past perfect
Past perfect continuous or the past perfect continuous. -----

Put the verbs in brackets into the past Everyone looks forward to having a
simple, the past perfect or the past perfect great time on holiday, but what do
continuous. you do when your holiday turns into
A: Helen ........................................................ .. your worst nightmare? This is what
(not/make) it to the pop concert. 1) ............................. (happen) to me .' uca ~
lad. S: Oh, what a shame! She ............................ .. last summer. My friend Georgia ~\'a
adn't.
(look) forward to it for weeks. 2) ...................................... (invite) me to
: What .............................. (happen) to you? spend a month with her, so I 3) .................... (book)
n which a flight for her hometown San Jose, California. I
mother B: I ................... (break) a glass and .............. .
h for or (cut) my finger. finally 4) ............................. '.' (arrive) in San Jose. I
stepped outside the airport and, to my surprise,
'ed I haa : Julie ....................... (seem) tired yesterday.
Georgia 5) .............. ........ (not/wait) for me. After I
:3: She was. She .................. .......................... ..
6) ................................... (wait) for forty minutes, I
le past (write) a review all afternoon.
ron was
7) ................................... (ask) if I was in San Jose,
jay. ! A: Gary .......................... (be) so excited when and they said I was . Where was she? Finally, an
----, I saw him last night. airport official 8) ................ .. .......... (come) up to me
uous: 3: I know! He ................................................ .. and 9) ............................ (ask) me what was wrong.
---.l Uust/get) a promotion. After we 10) .. ............................ (talk) for a few
: How long ............ ..................... (you/wait) minutes, he 11) .............................. (start) laughing.
at the station before the train arrived? I 12).................................. (get) more and more
B: So long that by the time I reached the annoyed when he finally 13) ................................. ..
museum, it .. .......... .... .. .. ..... ....................... . (explain). I was in San Jose but in Southern Mexico!
(already/close). I was 1,000 km away from my destination!

73
 Will {future simple}
Form: subject + verb to be (am/is/are) + going to + ba
infinitive of the main verb
ng Form
I am
I will play. I'll play. Will I play7 going t
He/She/It is
You will play. You'll play. Will you play? } leave.
We/YoulThey are
He will play. He'll play. Will he play?
She will play. She'll play. Will she play? I am not
going to
It will play. It'll play. Will it play? He/She/It is not
} leave.
We will play. We'll play. Will we play7 We/YoulThey are not
You will play. You'll play. Will you play? Ami
going to
They will play. They'll play. Will they play? Is he/she/it
} leave?
Are we/you/they
Yes, I am.lNo, I'm not
Long Form Yes, he/she/it is.lNo, he/she/it isn't.
I will not play. Yes, we/you/t hey are.
I won't play.
You will not play. You won't play. No, we/you/t hey aren't
He will not play. He won't play. Use
She will not play. She won't play. We use be going to :
It will not play. It won't play. • to talk about our future plans and intentions. Kirr:
We will not play. We won't play. going to start her new job soon. (She's planning to ".)
You will not play. You won't play. • to make predictions based on what we see or
They will not play. They won't play. Look out! You're going to drive into that tree.
• to talk about things we are sure about or we h
already decided to do in the near future. Dylan is
to travel to China. (He has already decided to do this. )
WiIIl/yo u/he etc play? .] Yes, I/you/he etc will.
No, I/you/he etc won't
Present simple/Present continuous
Form {future meaning}
• We form the simple future with will and the base form
of the verb. He will travel abroad. • We can use the present simple to talk about timetabl
• We form questions by putting will before the subject. or programmes. The last bus leaves at 9:00 pm.
Will he travel abroad? Will they visit the museum? • We use the present continuous for fixed arrangeme
• We form negations by putting not after will. in the future. We're having dinner at an Italian restaur
They will not/won't visit the museum. tonight. I booked a table yesterday
Use
We use will: Clauses of time
• to make predictions based on what we believe or • Clauses of time are introduced by: after, as, as long
think . We usually use will with I think, I hope, I believe, I as soon as, before, by the time, (= before, not later tha-
expect, probably and perhaps. every time, immediately, just as, once, the moment (th en
I expect he'll be hEre at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. until/till, (= up to the time when), when, while, etc. T
• to make on-the-spot decisions. waited for three hours before their plane took off
This dress is beautiful. I'll buy it. • When the verb of the main clause is in a present or fut
• for promises (usually with the verbs promise/swear etc) I form, the verb of the time clause is in the present f
promise I won't .be late. , threats Don't do this again or I'll too. We don't use will/would in a clause of time. 1'1/ help )
leave., warnings Get down from the tree or you'll fall! , hopes as soon as I finish my work. (NOT: GlS soon GlS I will finish)
I hope I'll see you soon. , offers I'll carry the bags for you. • When the time clause precedes the main clause, a com
• to give information about the future. is used . When the time clauses follows, no comma is use
When we go to Athens, we'll visit the Acropolis. When you get home, call Mr Smith. BUT Call Mr Smith wh
you get home.
.-

74
 Future tenses 3 Choose the correct answer A, B or C.
Ig to + ba
1 Circle the correct answer, and then identify 1 It's freezing cold! I .. ...... a fire .
the use. A light B am lighting C will light
• going to
leave. A: I love skiing in the mountains! 2 Here, Mum. I ........ your ski equipment for you.
B: So do I. I expect the ski lodges will start / A will carry B carry C am carrying
going to are starting to get busy soon; a lot of skiers
leave. 3 We .. ...... to a ski lodge in The Rockies. Stan
go this time of year.
----.j booked it last month.
going to 2 A: We are going / go quad racing th is weekend. A will go B are going C go
leave? B: Real ly? Can I come along?
-----i
4 Look out! You ... .. ... yourself with that
3 A: Be careful. You hurt / are going to hurt penknife ! "
lit isn't.
yourself! A are going to cut B are cutting C cut
B: Relax! I've been riding a ski-doo for years.
5 The train .. ..... . in half an hour.
4 A: Now that he has learnt to kite surf, he will A leaves B is leaving C will leave
participate / is going to participate in a
ons. Kim competition on Sunday.
to .. .) 4 Write:
B: That's exciting . I think I'll go / 'm going to
! or kno\li
go watch him . • two things you will/won't do next week
. we havE 5 A: Jane's bus arrives / is arriving at 6:30.
'an is goin.
) this.) B: We'd better leave now then .
• two things you are planning to do next week
,us
2 Put the verbs into the co rrect future tense.

i metabl ~·
• two things you are doing tonight
- Hey, Tony. What 1) ........... .. .......... ................... ..
1gements (you/do) this weekend?
restaurar - I 2) ... ........ ..... .... .. ................. (go) camping with
Pedro and Sue. Clauses of time
- Th at sounds fun! I think I 3) .... .. ................. ..... .. 5 Underline the appropriate time word and
(come) too . Do you mind? put the verbs in brackets into the correct
IS long as
ter tha n. _ Of course not. I 4) ... ... .... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. (call) Pedro tense.
mt (tha t) and Sue tonight to tell them .
etc. The - OK, great. So what's the plan? 5) ....... ........ .. ... .
1 Let us know till/as soon as you .. ......... ........... ..
(arrive) at the research station .
..... .. ... ... .. ...... .. ... (we/take) Pedro's jeep?
or futu re 2 Sheila was looking at the map until/while
ent fo rr _ No, unfortunately, I expect his brother
Matt ..... ..... ... ........................... ................... ......... .
'/I help yo" 6) .. .. ........ ........... .. .. (need) it at the weekend .
I) (study) his compass.
We've decided we 7) .. ....... .... ......... .... . (get)
a com m:: 3 We can't light a fire when/till you ... :.. .......... .... .
ickets for the bus.
3 is usec
(collect) some wood .
rith wher - That's fine . What time 8) .. .. .... .. ...... ............ .. .. ..
4 Kay and Stu waited for over an hour before/by
(it/leave)?
the time the rescue helicopter .... .. .. .. ............ ..
_ It 9) ... .... .. .................. (leave) at 6:30 on Friday
(pick) them up.
evening.
5 He can go paint-balling as long as/just as he
- Brilliant! I prom ise 110) .. ................. .. .. ...... .... .. ..
.. .... .......... .. .. ... (wear) a helmet.
(not/be) late!
6 I promise I .. ................ ...... ...... .. ...... .. (email) you
while/the moment I reach the camp .

75
 Conditionals: types 10/1/2/3 Conditional type 3
Form :
Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if-clause
(hypothesis) and the main clause (result). When the if-
clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are If + past perfect ---+ would have + past participle

separated with a comma. When the main clause comes If he had left earlier, he would have caught his flight. (But he
before the if-clause, then no comma is necessary. didn't.)
If you don't leave now, you 'll miss the bus. If you had studied harder, you wouldn't have failed the exam.
You 'll miss the bus if you don't leave now. (criticism)
Use
Conditional type 0
We use the conditional type 3 to talk about an imagina ry
Form
situation in the past. It is also used to express regret or
criticism.
---+ present simple
If the temperature drops below 0°(, ---+ water freezes. Wishes
Use We can use wish/if only to express a wish.
We use the conditional type 0 to say something which is
always true (law of nature) or to talk about something that
I wish I was/were at home to say that we would
always happens as a result of something else. We can use
+ past now. (But I'm not. ) I wish like something to be
when instead of if.
simple my tooth didn't hurt. (But different about a
If/When you heat water to 100°(, it boils. (law of nature)
my tooth hurts ) present situation
I get seasick when I travel by boat. (a lways happens)
I wish I had called him to express regret about
Conditional type 1 + past earlier. (But I didn't.) If something which
Form perfect only they hadn't broken happened or didn't
up. (But they did .) happen in the past
If + present simple will/can/must etc + bare infin itive or
---+
If only is used in exactly the same way as wish but it is more
imperative emphatic or more dramatic. We can use were instead of was
If you study hard, you'll pass the exam. after wish and if only. I wish I were/was on holiday now.
If you don't like it, don't eat it.
Use
• We use the conditional type 1 to talk about a real or Conditionals: types 011/213
very probable situation in the present or future.
• We can use unless instead ofif ... not in the if-clause. The 6 Choose the correct item.
verb is always in the affirmative after unless .
1 If you like/liked/had liked extreme sports, you
If you don't do your homework, you'll be in trouble.
Unless you do your homework, you'll be in trouble. will love bungee jumping.
2 If you go to The Mona Foundation, you would
Conditional type 2 see/would have seen /will see lots of rescued
Form
chimps.
3 If Greg had had/had/has a bigger room at the
youth hostel, he would be happier.
4 If Bob hadn't been/won't be/not be so fit, he
wouldn't have been able to walk the
Appalachian Trail.
Use 5 They would have stayed in a hotel if they had
• We use the conditional type 2 to talk about an had/had/will have more money.
imaginary situation, unreal in the present or future. It is 6 If I were you, I do/will do/would do something
also used to give advice.
about global warming.
• We can use were instead of was fo r all persons in the if-
clause of Type 2 conditionals. If Tony was/were here, he 7 If you would put/put/had put water in the
would help us. freezer, it turns to ice.
S The girls had been/would have been/will be
;.
safe if they hadn't left the trail.

76
 Put the verbs into the correct tense to form Wishes
conditionals. 9 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
If Steve .............................. (check) the weather tense.
rticiple
, (But he forecast, he wouldn't have decided to go sailing.
2 If I hadn't seen wok racing on TV, I ................ .. 1 A: I wish they .......................... (stop) hunting
he exam. ....................................... (not/know) about it. Dodo birds before they became extinct.
3 They ......................... (hurt) themselves unless B: Me too. It's very sad.
they watch out for the rocks. 2 A: I wish I ...................... .. (save) more money.
mginary
'egret or
4 I ......................................... (spread) some salt I want to go skiing this weekend.
on your icy steps if I were you. B: Don't worry. I'll lend you some.
5 If I were you, I ........................................ (hire) \.

3 A: If only we ............. (bring) a torch with us!

a ski instructor to help me learn how to ski.
B: I know. This cave is very dark.
6 If I ............................................ (listen) to you,
I wouldn't have hurt myself ice climbing. 4 A: I wish we ................................ (take) some
If Sue .................. ......... (have) a lot of money, food with us.
. would
I to be she would buy her own yacht. B: I wish I ............................... (not/have) the
ta 8 If you mix white and red, you ........................ .. idea to come camping in the first place!
on I"
(get) pink. 5 A: I wish Roger ................................. (not/do)
!t about 9 Whenever Marta flies in a plane, she .............. . extreme sports.
:h
" ........................ (feel) sick. B: You shouldn't worry about him. He's always

~
last

is more
If the campers ................................................ ..
(not/build) a fire, they'll get cold.
very careful.

10 Read the speech bubbles and make

I of was sentences, as in the example.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct
tense. 1 I hurt my head ice climbing this morning.
I should have worn a helmet.
A: I haven't got any food or supplies.
B: If I ............................. (be) you, I .............. ..
I wish I had worn a helmet.
........................ (go) shopping immediately.
s, you If I had worn a helmet, I wouldn't have hurt my head.
The supermarket closes in an hour.
2 A: Karen and I want to go camping on Sunday. 2 I moved to Alaska. I lost touch with most of
Nould my friends.
B: Well, if you ............................ (take) a first
!scued
aid kit and a tent with you, I'm sure you 7-"
won't face any difficulties. I wish .............................................................. .
3t the
If ..................................................................... .
3 A: .................................................. (you/take)
fit, he some photographs of the polar bears if you
the ........................ ..................... (visit) Alaska? 3 I got lost in the forest. I should have taken a map .
B: Yes, but from far away!
y' had I wish .......... .................................................... .
~ A: Unless he ............... (wear) webbed gloves,
If ......................................................................
he ........................................ (go) very fast.
thing B: Oh, really? Does he know that?
4 I didn't go volcano surfing with the rest of my
J A: Blake and Neil .......................................... .. friends. I was sick last week.
1 the
(never/crash) if they .... .. .. .. ...................... .. y
(not/decide) to go rafting.
ill be I wish ............................................................. ..
B: True, but they had an amazing adventure!
If ............. ... ..................................................... .
77
 Modals
Can/could, may/might, must/have to, ought to, shall/should,
will/would:
• don't take -s, -ing or -ed suffixes,
• are followed by the bare infinitive (infinitive without to),
• come before the subject in questions and are followed by
not in negations,
• don't have tenses in the normal sense, When followed by
a present bare infinitive, they refer to an incomplete
action or state (i,e, present or future), We should send
them a gift for their wedding, When followed by a perfect
bare infinitive, they refer to a complete action or state,
We should have sent them a gift when they got married,
IObligation/Duty/Necessity (must, have to, should/ought to)1
• Must expresses duty/strong obligation to do sth and shows
that sth is essential. We generally use must when the
speaker has decided that sth is necessary (i ,e, subjective), If
your licence expires, you must renew it, My room is a mess. I must
tidy it. (It is your duty./You are obliged to do sth.)
• Have to expresses strong necessity/obligation. We usually
use have to when somebody other than the speaker has
decided that sth is necessary (i.e. objective), Our teacher
says we have to finish the report by Friday. (It's necessary.)
• Had to is the past form of both must and have to.
• Should/Ought to express duty, weak obligation.
You should send him 0 thank-you letter for all his help. (It's
your duty. -less emphatic than must)
IAbsence of necessity (don't have to/don't need to, needn't)!
• Don't have to/Don't need to/Needn't: It isn't necessary to
do sth in the present/future. She doesn't have to book the
tickets in advance. You don't need to bring anything to the
party. I needn't take the dog for a walk again later. (It isn't
necessary.)
• Didn't need to/Didn't have to: It wasn't necessary to do
sth. We don't know if it was done or not. They didn't
have to take them out to dinner. (We don't know if they
took them out. It wasn't necessary.)
!Permission/Prohibition (can, may, mustn't, can't)
• Can/May are used' to ask for/give permission, May is more
formal than can . Can/May I sit here? Yes, you can/may. (Is it
OK if ... 7)
• Mustn't/Can't: It is forbidden to do sth; it is against the
rules/law; you are not allowed to do sth. You mustn't/
can't eat in the classroom. (You aren't allowed.)
Ipossibility (can, could)
• Can + present infinitive: General/theoretical possibility,
Not usually used for a specific situation. You can always
find useful information on the internet (general possibility -
it is theoretically possible.)
• Could/May/Might + present infinitive: Possibility in a
specific situation. It might rain later, so bring an umbrella. (It
is possible'/It is likely.!Perhaps.)
Note: We can use can/could/might in questions BUT not
may. Could he still be at work? (NOT: may)
78
• Could/Might/Would + perfect infinitive refer to sth ir
the past that was possible but didn't happen. She would
have come to the meeting but no one had told her.
Note how the forms of the infinitive are formed:
Present: (to) do
Present continuous: (to) be doing
Perfect: (to) have done
Perfect continuous: (to) have been doing
!Ability/lnability (can, could, was able to)
• Can('t) expresses (in)ability in the present/future, She can
sing very well. (She is able to ., ,)
• Could expresses general repeated ability in the past. HE
could walk for hours when he was younger. (He was able to , .
• Was(n't) able to expresses (in)ability on a specific occasior
in the past. He was(n't) able to attend yesterday's meeting
(He didn't manage to .. )
• Couldn't may be used to express any kind of inability i
the past, repeated or specific. Sue couldn't ride a bike wher
she was three. (past repeated action) She couldn't/wasn'
able to ride her bike yesterday because it was being repaireo
(past single action)
!Offers/Suggestions (can, would, shall, could)
• Can: Can I get you more coffee? (Would you like me to .
• Would: Would you like some coffee? (Do you want ... 7)
• Shall: Shall I help you carry these? (Would you like me to ""
Do you want me to ... 7)
• Can/Could: We can go to the Thai restaurant. You could as'
him for help. (Let's ... )
!probability (will, should/ought to)
• Will: She will agree to marry him. (100% certain)
• Should/Ought to: He should/ought to be here by noon. (90 ~:
certain; future only; it's probable)
!Advice (should, ought to, shall)
- - - -,- - -- - - -
• Should: general advice She should stop worrying so muct
(It's my advice.!1 advise you to .. ,)
• Ought to: general advice We ought to respect others. (It's c
good thing/idea to do.)
• Shall: asking for advice Shall I look for another job? (Do yo
think it's a good idea to ,7)
Past modals
• Had to expresses necessity/strong obligation in the pas
Had to is the past form of both must and have to, Th:
students who failed the test had to take it again.
• Didn't have to/Didn't need to show that it wasn't necessar)
to do sth. We don't know if it was done or not. They didn'r
have to take them out to dinn er. (We don't know if they did ,
• We use could for genera l ability in the past. Joan coula
ride a bike when she was three. (She had the ability.)
• Was(n't) able to expresses (i n)ability on a specific occasior
in the past. He was(n't) able to attend yesterday'S meeting. (HE
didn't manage to )
• Couldn't may be used to express any kind of inability in thE
past, repeated or specific. Suecouldn't ride a bike when she wo:
three. (past repeated action) She couldn't/wasn't able to ride
her bike yesterday because it had a puncture. (past single action)
 to 5th i Modals
She would 3 Rewrite the sentences using one of the
Fill in the gaps with the words/phrases modals in the list: ought to, can, must, don't have
l: below. Then, match the sentences to the to, wasn't able to, should, shall, can't, mustn't.
responses. 1 It's not necessary for you to fill out the form.
j • might • couldn't • should • had to You .................................................................... ..
~ • may • wasn't able to 2 It is a good idea for Paul to take a break from
the computer.
You .......................... wear sunscreen and a hat
Paul ......................................... ............................ .
~, She can when you go to the beach.
3 He is obliged to finish that report for me by 5
.. ...................................... I borrow your camera
past. He o'clock.
ble to ,, ) for my field trip?
He ............................................~ .......................... .
occasion j She ...................... speak to him before she left.
; meeting, - I .. ................................... get a filling yesterday
4 It is forbidden for visitors to use their mobiles
when I went to the dentist's.
ability in in the hospital.
;ike when We .............................. go to Italy this summer.
Visitors ... ...... ... ................................................... ..
't/wasn 't · He .......................................... stand eating fish
repaired. when he was younger.
5 Is it OK if I leave early today?

~
---,
That's too bad.
6 Vicky didn't manage to come to the party because
to ",7) ~ Me neither.
7) .==:1 That's good advice.
she was ill.
Vicky ................................................................... .
e to ",71 ~ What a pity, I know she wanted to say
goodbye.
ould ask 7 Would you like me to get you something to eat?
: I Of course.
~ That'lI be nice.
:=J 8 Sarah isn't able to use the lift because she is
n, (90% Match the modals to their meanings.
claustrophobic.
Sarah ............................ ............. .......................... .
I Shall I ... ? [ [ [ ] We could go .. .
~ IJ You needn't ... []I] You mustn't .. .
o much. 9 My optician advised me to rest my eyes.
: I We must ... [IT] May I ... ? My optician said I ........ ..................................... ..
;, (It's a .=cJ You should ... [IQ[] He didn't have
I:J He could .. . to ...
Do yo u
IJ It might .. .
Fill in the appropriate modal verb that
4
_ I advise you to .. . matches the meaning in brackets.
2 past. _ We are obliged to ... 1 ...................................... you like another piece
to, The et's go ... of cake? (Do you want ... 7)
• He was able to ... 2 You ...................................... have a holiday and
:essary
' didn't _ Would you like me to ... ? relax. (I advise you to ... )
y did,) It isn't necessary for you to ... 3 I ........ .. .. come for a visit next month. (Perhaps)
could • You are forbidden to ... 4 Jane ........................ sleep during storms when
- It wasn't necessary for him to ... she was younger. (She wasn't able to ... )
casion
19. (He It is possible ... 5 He .......... ....................... sit so close to the TV.
Is it OK if I. .. ? (It's a bad idea)
in the
he was 6 you .................. .................. bring me flowers,
to ride but thank you. (It wasn't necessary)
tion)
79
 Relative clauses • Either refers to two people, things, or groups an d
followed by a singular countable noun . Do you wan t-
Use
order Italian or Chinese for dinner? Either is fine with me.
• We use relative pronouns (who/whose/which/that) and Either of + plural noun phrase can be followed
relative adverbs (where/when/why) to introduce relative either a singular or plural verb. Either of these two
clauses. We use relative clauses to identify/ describe the contain/contains all the latest hits. BUT: Either CD
person/thing/place in the main clause. all the latest hits.
•
Relative Clause • Both ... and is followed by a plural verb. Both Mum
I
Dad are coming to the school play. "
I I
The woman who stars in this play is my aunt. • Neither ... nor/Either ... or take either a singular
plural verb, depending on the subject which follows
• We use who/that to refer to people. The man who/that or or. Neither me nor my parents are computer literate.
rescued the children from the fire is a local hero. Either you or Mark has to help with the project.
• We use which/that to refer to objects or animals. The
house which/that had the best-kept garden was photographed
for a magazine.
Relatives
• We use where to refer to places. That's the town where they
filmed the TV series.
5 Fill in the correct relative pronoun or adverb.
• We use whose with people, animals and things to show 1 That is the hotel .................... we stayed
possession. This is the man whose dog barks all night.
our holiday.
• We use when to refer to time, usually after nouns such as
time, period, moment, day, year and summer. August's the 2 The computer .. .................. I got for my birth
month when most people go on holiday. stopped working.
• We use why to give a reason. He won't tell me why he quit 3 I remember the time .. ........... we went to Pa r"
his job.
4 Is it your mum or dad ............. is afraid of ca ts
5 She asked me the reason .............. you're ups
Defining and Non-defining relative
with her.
clauses
6 That's the woman .................... desk is behi
• A defining relative clause gives necessary information
essential to the meaning of the main sentence. It is not mine at work.
put in commas and is introduced with who, which, that, 7 People .... ............ .... sit at a desk for lor
whose, where, when or the reason (why). The students periods risk getting back pain.
who were noisy were asked to leave the classroom. S The book .. ......... you lent me is very interesti _
• A non-defining relative clause gives extra information
and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence.
It is put in commas and is introduced with who, whom,
6 Join the sentences using the correct relativ
which, whose, where or when. My mum, who is an excellent
pronoun or adverb.
cook, was asked to cater for a dinner party. 1 My hometown is not far from here. My pa
still live there.
Both/Neither - All/None - Either
• Both refers to, two people, things, or groups. It has a
positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb. Both
boys are playing basketball this season. 2 The vase got damaged on the plane.
• Neither refers to two people, things, or groups and has bought it in Spain.
a negative meaning. Neither of + plural noun phrase
can be followed by either a singular or plural verb.
Neither of them is/are coming to the party. BUT: Neither car
is cheap enough for me to buy. 3 Damian is an athlete. He broke his foot 1a5
• All refers to more than two people, things, or groups. It week.
has a positive meaning and is followed by a plural verb.
AI/ the students are taking part in the charity football game.
• None of refers to more than two people, things, or
groups and has a negative meaning. It is used with nouns 4 The family is Italian. I am staying with them.
or object pronouns and is followed by either a singular or
plural verb. None of my students has/have finished the
presentation yet.
5 The reason is unclear. They cancelled their ord

80
oups and Defining and Non-defining Fill in the relative pronoun or adverb. Put
you want i
relative clauses
8
vith me. commas where necessary. Write 0 for
followed t defining or NO for non-defining.
ese two C Look at the pictures and make sentences
CD contain using the prompts.
1 The photocopier ........ is on the second
• person/repairs cars in a garage floor is out of order.
th Mum an.
• actor/films are very popular 2 Craig is the one ........ found the
singular c • place/people can borrow books mistake.
follows no • flower/the national symbol of Scotland 3 This is the restaurant .. ...... I had my
literate.
• writer/wrote the Harry Potter books birthday party.
• appliance/heats food very quickly 4 I still remember the moment ........ we ..
met as if it was yesterday.
S The actress ........ appears in this play
. adverb.
won an award .
6 He won't tell me the reason .... .. .. he is
leaving the company.
I birthda 7 My best friend .... .. .. brother is captain
of the school team is a great swimmer.
t to Paris 8 The community centre ........ I have my
l of cats ' art class is closing down.
're upse" 9 I left my homework ........ was due to
be handed in today on the bus.
s behinc 10 We really enjoyed that summer ........
we went camping.
for lon ~
Both/Neither - All/None - Either
eresting 9 Rewrite the sentences using both .. . and,
relative neither ... nor, or either ... or.
1 Frank doesn't like enclosed spaces. Claire
parents doesn't either.

2 Sara is starting university this year as is Bill .

3 Grant is in the orchestra as well as Gordon.

e. The ~

4 If Janet doesn't do the shopping, then Amy will.

lot las
S Doug is a big football fan. Tom is too.

J ................. .. ..... .......... ...................................... . 6 Jane forgot my birthday. And so did Claire.

lem. ........................................................................ . 7 Angela will help us put up the tent, or Alan will.

8 Brendan passed his exams and so did Matt.

r order
9 I have never been abroad. My mum hasn't either.

81
 Present perfect
Full Form
I have worked.
You have worked.
He has worked.
She has worked.
It has worked.
We have worked .
You have worked.
They have worked.
• We use yet in interrogative and negative sentences.
"Has Ryan arrived yet?"
"I haven't finish ed my homework yet. "
Short Form • We use for to exp ress duration.
I've worked. Th ey've been in Rome for a week.
You've worked . • We use since to state a starting point.
He's worked. They've been in Rome since last Friday.
She's worked. • We use ever in affirmative and interrogative sentences.
It's worked. This is the best film I've ever watched.
We've worked . Have you ever been to Paris?
You've worked. • We use never in affirmative sentences to express
They've worked. negative meaning. We've never been to Japan.

Long Form Short Form

• We use the present perfect for an action
I have not worked . I haven't worked. happened at an unstated time in the past.
Yo u have not worked . Yo u haven't worked. He has hurt his leg. (When? We don't know.)
He has not worked. He hasn't worked .
• We use the present perfect for an action which sta
She has not worked . She hasn't worked .
in the past and continues to the present.
It has not worked. It hasn't worked . She has been in Cairo for ten years. (She went to Cairo -
We have not worked . We haven't worked. years ago and she is stili there .)
You have not worked. You haven't worked . • We use the past simple for an action which happe -
They have not worked. They haven't worked. at a stated time in the past.
They went to Australia last summer. (When? Last summe r.
Have I worked? • We use the past simple for an action which started
Yes, I have.!No, I haven't.
finished in the past.
Have yo u worked? Yes, you have.!No, you haven't.
She was in New York for two years. (She lived in New York -
Has he worked? Yes, he has.lNo, he hasn't.
Has she worked7 two years. She doesn't live there anymore.)
Yes, she has.lNo, she hasn't.
Has it worked7 Yes, it has .lNo, it hasn't.
Have we worked7 Yes, we have.lNo, we haven't.
Have you worked ? Yes, you have.lNo, you haven't. Form: have/has + been + verb -ing
Have they worked Yes, they have.lNo, they haven't.
Form IlY0u/WefThey haveI've IlY0u/WefThey have not
• We form the present perfect with the auxiliary verb been playing. haven't been playing .
have/has and the past participle of the main verb. We He/She/It hasl's been He/She/It has not/hasn'·
form the past participle of regular ve rbs by adding -ed to playing . been playing .
the verb. play - played
• We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently.
feel- felt (see list of irregular verbs).
Have I/you/we/they Yes, I/yo u/we/they have.
Use { No, I/you/we/they haven't.
been playing?
We use the present' perfect: Yes, he/she/it has.
Has he she/it been
• for actions which started in the past and continue up playing7 { No, he/she/it hasn't.
to the present. He has worked as a doctor for five years.
(He started working as a doctor 5 years ago and he is still Use
wo rking as a doctor ) We use the present perfect continuous:
• to talk about a past action which has a visible result in • to place emphasis on the duration of an action wh
the present. She is happy. She has passed her exams. started in the past and continues up to the present.
• to refer to an experience. He has tried bungee jumping. John has been trying to fix my computer for two hours.
• for an action that started in the past and lasted for
Time expressions used with the present perfect: already, time. It may still be continuing or have finished, bu
yet, for, since, ever, never, etc. has left a visible result in the present. He's tired because
has been working late at the office all week.

Already - Yet - For - Since - Never - Ever Time expressions used with the presentperfectcontintlOUS31
• We use already in affirmative sentences. since, for, how long (to place emphasis on duration).
Jack has already watered the plants.

82
 nces. Present perfect - Present perfect
3 Complete the sentences with the correct
continuous - Past simple time word: yet, for, since, already, never, ever.
Put the verbs in brackets into the present
1 It's been years ................... I rode a bicycle.
perfect.
2 We have ................... been to the opera before.
A: ... ............................. ..... (you/be) on a diet? 3 Have you ................... been to a circus?
ntences .
B: Yes. I .. ................ ................... (lose) 3 kilos. 4 They haven't been to visit us ................. weeks .
5 He has ................... been to see the new film .
A: We ............................................... (not/see)
express 6 Have you been to the new exhibition ............. ?
Tom and Sue for ages. How are they?
7 I haven't been bungee jumping ...................... .
B: They're fine. They ...... .............................. .. ..
8 She has .................... finished her assignments.
Oust/buy) a new flat. ..
ion wh ic 3 A: My brother and his family .......................... . 4 Complete the email with the present perfect
................ (move) to Canada. or the past simple.
ch starte.- B: Wow! ...... .. .......................... ....................... .
00
(you/visit) them yet?
I Cairo te Hi Alex
- A: ...... ............ ...... ..... ..... ................. (you/hear) I 1) ......................................... Oust/get back) from a
happene from Peter lately? day trip to Agatha Christie's house. The weather was
B: Yes. He ............................................ (finish) good and we 2).. .................... ................... (walk)
;um mer.)
his course and he's looking for a job. around the house and gardens all day. I'm tired but I'm
arted an
not complaining, it 3) .................. ... (be) a lovely day.
_ A: Oh no! I .................... ..................... (forget)
w York b My host family here in Devon 4) ............................ .
to bring my camera .
(be) so kind. They 5) ......................................... (take)
B: Don't worry, I .......... .. ...... ...... .. (bring) mine. me to lots of beautiful places since I 6) ........................ .
: I .................................................... (not/be) (arrive). We all get on really well and my English
on Twitter for ages. 7) .............................. (improve) so much because we
B: Well, I ................................................ (visit) talk all the time. Sharing experiences gives us lots to
my page recently. talk about.
We 8) .............................. (see) the film '127 Hours' last
night, it's excellent. 9) .............................. (you/see) it?
Put the verbs in brackets into the present
I'm looking forward to visiting you and your family at
perfect or the present perfect continuous.
the end of the month.
: I .. ................................ . (try) to contact you Best wishes,
lave.
aven't. all week. Kim
S: Sorry. I ....................................................... ..

~ (only just/return) from a trip to Sweden. 5 Write:

. ": Sarah ........................................... (practise) • two things you have had problems with this
that piano piece for days. week
:ion whi
'sent. B: Yes. She has an important concert next week.
lurs. : I .......................... ................... (read) a book
d for sorr
called 'The Moneyless Man' all week. • two things that have changed in the area
led, but
because ' 3: I heard that the author ........ .. .............. .. where you live
(live) without money since 2008.
: Mark ...... ....................................... (work) so
Intinuous: • two things you have been doing for the past
hard, he's completely exhausted .
Oh, that's why he .. .................................... .. few months
(not/play) football for a while.

83
 Logical Assumptions Logical assumptions
(must, may/might, can't) (must, may/might, can't)
• Must = almost certa in that this is/was true
She must feel very relieved now that she knows she's passed all
6 Rewrite the sentences using must, can't or m
her tests. Pete isn't answering his home phone. He must have
stayed at work. (I'm su re/certain that sth is true.) 1 I don't think they are at wo
• May/Might/Could = possible that this is/was true They ................................. ..
My friend works at the shop so I might get a discount. He may
have replied to your email. Checkyour in box. (It is possible'/It
is li ke ly./Perhaps.) 2 I'm sure they are at school.
• Can't/Couldn't = almost certain that this is/was impossible They ..... ............................ ..
This painting can't be a copy. It's far too expensive. He couldn't
have called you from home. His phone wasn't working all
3 Perhaps they are discussin g
weekend. (I don't th ink it is, real, etc)
maths problem .
Tenses of the infinitive/-ing form They ................................ ..

4 I'm sure the students are ti

(to) play playing They ................................. .

(to) be playing
~ -

(to) have played having played 5 I'm sure she's a scientist.

She ....................... ...... .......... .
(to) have been
~~~ffi'iiii5iii'3==1 playing
6 I don't think she is on holiday.
She ....................................... .

7 Perhaps she is doing medical

Present simple/Future simple Present research.
she cleans/she will clean (to) clean
She ....................................... .
Present continuous Present continuous
she is cleaning (to) be cleaning
8 I'm sure she is very
Past simple/Present perfect/
professiona I.
Past perfect Perfect
she cleaned/she has cleaned/s he had (to) have cleaned She ....................................... .
cleaned
Past continuous/Present perfect
continuous/Past perfect
Perfect continuous
7 Complete the sentences using must or can "
continuous as in the example.
(to) have been cleaning
she was cleaning/she has been
cleaning/s he had been cleaning . 1 I'm sure they are good friends .
They must be good friends.
The simple -ing form refers to the present or future . 2 I don't think Sue is at work today, it's Saturda
Swimming is an energetic form of exercise. The perfect -ing Sue .. .. .................. at work today, it's Saturda
form shows that the action of the -ing form happened 3 I'm certain Pete has a new phone number.
before the action of the ve rb. He denied having lied to his
parents. We can use the simple -ing form instead of the
Pete ............................... a new phone numb
perfect -ing form with no difference in meaning. He 4 I'm sure you feel very happy about your exa
admitted to having stolen/stealing the car. results.
You .............................. very happy about yo
exam results
5 I don't think Liam knows the secret.
Liam ............. ................................... the se
84
 ses of the infinitive/-ing 9 Complete the sentences with the correct
m infinitive.
/n 't or me Put the verbs in brackets into the correct 1 Rosie is excited about her new job.
infinitive or the -ing form . Mind the tenses. Rosie appears .... .............. .... .. .. .. .... .. ..... excited
re at war
• A: Have you decided which university ............ . about her new job.
........ .. .... .. ............. (apply) to? 2 They have finished decorating the house .
B: Yes. I want .................... ............ .. .............. .. They seem .......................... ............ decorating
school.
(go) to Durham University. the house.
3 The children have been enjoying themselves.
- A: Francis seems ................................ .. .. .... .... ..
The children appear .......... .... ........ themselves.
scussin g (work) late a lot these days.
4 Mike's new business is going well.
B: Yes. She must .................. .. .. ...................... ..
Mikes's new business seems .... .. .. .. ............. .... ..
(have) a heavy workload .
well.
- A: I'm so nervous about my exams, I can't 5 Gail made lots of new friends when she was
j are tire .... ........ .. .. .. .. ....... (sleep). studying abroad.
B: There's no point in .. .. .......... .. .................... .. Gail appears .... .... .... .... .................. lots of new
(worry); losing sleep won 't help. friends when she was studying abroad.
- A: Did you have a good journey?
B: Not really. I arrived at the station only ........
10 Complete the sentences using must or can't
.......... ................... (find) my train had been and the correct tense of the infinitive.
cancelled .
1 I'm certain Adam sent you an email.
- A: We shouldn't .............. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . (criticise)
Adam .......... .... ............. ...... .. .. ...... .... ..... ... ........ .
her. She tries her best.
2 I don't think Tina left the door unlocked.
B: You 're right. She will soon .... .. .. .. .............. ..
Tina ............. ... .. .............. .. ........... .. .. ... ......... .. ...
(learn).
3 I'm sure Keith paid the bill.
_ A: We'd better .... .. .... ................ (collect) some Keith ....... .. ....... .. .. .. ............. .. ............................
money to buy him a retirement gift. 4 I don't think they are staying with Paul. He's
B: I'm sure everyone would .................. .. .. ...... . away.
(be) happy .... ........ .. .................. ... (do) that. They .. ......... ............ ... .. .. .... ...............................
- A: Will claims .................... .. ...................... ...... . 5 I don't think Jeff forgot their wedding anniversary.
(meet) Johnny Depp. Jeff ... .......................................... ... ... ... ............ .
B: You can never .............................. .. .. ... (tell) 6 I'm certain Julie is waiting for us at the reception .
lr can 't,
when Will is telling the truth. Julie ..... .. ............. ......... .. .... .. ....... .. ................... .
7 I'm sure Mary went to India for her gap year.
! A: It was good of Jane .... .......... .. .. .... .. ............ .
I~
Mary ... ......................... ....................... .. ........... .
(give) me a lift home.
8 I'm sure Steven enjoyed living with his host
S: She knew you must .. .............................. .. ..
aturday family in Mexico.
(be) exhausted after the training.
3turda} Steven ... ... ............. .............. ... ....... .. ..... ........... .
er. : They suggested ...... .. .. .......... .. .... ...... .... .... .. . 9 I'm sure she's had cosmetic surgery.
lUmbe (meet) at the cafe at 7. She ... ......... .. .................................................... .
Jr exa r B: Good idea ! After such a long day, it will be 10 I'm certain they grow their own food .
good to unwind. They ... .. .. ... .. ... ..... ............ .. .... .. ...... .. ..... ........... .
,ut you· : We seem .................. . (wait) here for ages. 11 I don't think Jenny has won a scholarship.
B: I know, but we need .... .. ........ .. .... .. ... (stay) Jenny ...................... ....... .. .. .......... .. .... .............. .
until they tell us .. .. .... .. .......... .. ........ .. . (go).
secret
85
 The Passive Subject Verb Object
ACTIVE Lisa designed a dress.
Form I
We form the passive with the verb to be in the appropriate
tense and the past participle of the main verb.
.'
Subject
l
Verb •
Agent
:

Read the table: PASSIVE A dress was designed by Lisa.

• Only transitive verbs (verbs that take an object) ca n

A cake is baked by changed into the passive. A house collapsed in
Sue bakes a cake.
Sue. earthquake. (intransitive verb; no passive form).
A cake is being
Sue is baking a cake. Note: Some transitive verbs (have, fit (= be the right size
baked by Sue.
suit, resemble, etc) cannot be changed into the passive. T-
A cake was baked
Sue baked a cake. skirt doesn't fit me. (NOT: I Qm not fitt€d by thisski4.)
by Sue.
• We can use the verb to get instead of the verb to be
Sue was baking a A cake was being everyday speech when we talk about things that happe
cake. baked by Sue. by accident or unexpectedly. Our luggage got stolen at
airport.
Sue has baked a A cake has been
By + agent is used to say who or what carries out c
cake. baked by Sue.
action. With + instrument/materiallingredient is used-
Sue had baked a A cake had been say what the agent used. This dress was designed by a
cake. baked by Sue. designer. It was made with environmentally friendly fabrics
Acake will be baked • The agent can be omitted when the subject is they, h:
Sue will bake a cake. someone/somebody, people, one, etc. Someone h
by Sue.
broken the window. (= The window has been broken )
Sue has to bake a A cake has to be
• The agent is not omitted when it is a specific :
cake. baked by Sue. important person or when it is essential to t
Sue might bake a A cake might be meaning of the sentence. A decision was reached by
cake. baked by Sue. board of directors.
• With verbs which can take two objects, such as brinq
We use t he passive:
tell, send, show, teach, promise, sell, read, offer, giVE
• when th e person/people doing the action is/are
lend, etc, we can form two different passive sentences.
unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.
He offered me a deal. (active) I was offered a deal. (passi\=
The vase was broken. (We don't know who broke it).
more usual) Adeal was offered to me. (passive, less usual
The package will be delivered today. (Who wi ll deliver it is
• In passive questions with who, whom or which we do W'
unimportant).
omit by. Who painted this portrait? Who was this portr
Our exam papers have been corrected. (It's obvious that the
painted by?
teacher has corrected our exam papers).
• The verbs hear, help, see and make are followed by t -
• when the action itself is more important than the
bare infinitive in the active but by the to-infinitive -
person/people doing it, as in news headlines, newspaper
the passive.
articles, formal notices, advertisements, instructions,
active: They saw him leave the building.
processes, etc. Mobile phones must be turned off during the :
passive: He was seen to leave the building.
examination. ...
BUT hear, see, watch + -ing form (active and passive)
• when we want to avoid taking responsibility for an
active: They saw him running down the stairs.
action or when we refer to an unpleasant event and we
passive: He was seen running down the stairs.
do not want to say who or what is to blame.
They were cheated out of their money.
• to emphasise the agent. The announcement was made by Personal/Impersonal Construction
the Prime Minister himself. The verbs think, believe, say, report, know, expect, conside
• to make statements more formal or polite. My book has understand, etc are used in the following passive pattern s
been torn . (More pol ite than saying 'You tore my book.) personal and impersonal con structions.

Changing from the active to the passive
• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in
the passive sentence.
• The active verb remains in the same tense but changes
Into passive form.
• The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent
and is either introduced with the preposition by or is
om itted.
active: People believe that he lied in court.
passive: a) It is believed (that) he lied in court. (impersonal
constru ction)
b) He is believed to have lied in court. (personal :
constructio n)
active: They expect him to arrive soon.
passive: a) It is expected (that) that he will arrive soon.
b) He is expected to arrive soon.

86
 bject The Passive
dress. 3 Rewrite the sentences in the passive, as in
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct the example .
passive form.
gent 1 Hackers broke into the security system.
, Lisa. A: ... ....... .... ......... ........ ........ ... .. .... ..... ...... ... .... .. The security system was broken into by hackers.
...... .. .. ......... (the bank robbers/catch) yet? 2 A detective is following the thieves at the
:ct) can t~
,sed in Ir B: Unfortunately, they're still at large. moment.
1) A: Did you get the art book you wanted?
B: No, it ......................................................... ..
right si ze 3 You can see an exhibit of 'Lego repa ir work' in
ass ive. Tt .. ...... (already/sell) when I got to the shop.
New York.
rb to be -
3 A: Can I take some photos of this painting, ..
..........................................................................
tat happe" please?
~olen at tt· B: I'm afraid not. Cameras .................... ........ .. 4 Have they caught the burglar yet?
.. .. .. .. .. ................ (not/allow) in the gallery.
ies out a-
t is used t: ~ A: Did you know Gandhi .............................. .. .
(by a loca .................... ............ (assassinate) in 1948? 5 Witnesses saw the thief leave the building .
y fabrics. B: Yes. It was a tragic loss.
; they, he
,eone ha- - A: Racial discrimination .............................. .. .. .
ken) .... ...... .. (should/ban) all around the world . 6 You should change your password every month.
lecific c
B: I think you're right.
I to t h~
led by Ih , A: Who .... .... ... .. ........ .. .... .... ................ ..... .. ..... .
7 They have sentenced the vandal to six months
............... .. ........... (Four Dancers/paint) by? in prison.
as bring
fer, give B: Edgar Degas
tences. A: I ....... ... .... ..... .. .... ........ .... ................ .. .. .. .. .... .
(passivE
s usua l) (hurt) by what you said. 8 Who stole the evidence?
le do no" B: I'm sorry, I shouldn't have been so rude.
;s portra'
3 A: .... .. .. ...... .............. ........ .. ...................... ....... .
d by thE (the security alarmlinstall) tomorrow?
nitive i B: Yes, they're coming to put it in at 10:00 am.
4 Rewrite the newspaper headlines in the
passive.

ive)
Fill in by or with.
e Police to take measures against car
theft.
Three suspects are being questioned ...... ...... .
t he police. Man charged with 20 bank robberies.
Who was this sculpture made ...... .. .. ... ?
(t Local artist wins first prize in Modern Art
3 The office is fitted .. ........ ... a high-tech security
onsider Competition.
system.
terns ir
... The trapped woman was pulled out through a o Local Council to remove all graffiti from public
window .... .. .. .. ... the rescue team . places.
- This work of art was made .... ........ .
mal A ..................................... .. .... ...... .. ............... .
environmentally friendly material.
B
lal , The statue is covered .......... ... spray paint.
C ............... .. ... ....... .. ...... ... ... ... ... .... ...... .... ..... . .
D .. .. ... .... .... ...... .......... ........ ................ .. .. ..... .. .

87
 The Causative
• We use have + object + past participle to say that we
have arranged for someone to do something for us. Mary
had her hair dyed. (She didn't dye it herself.)
• Questions and negations in the causative are formed
with do/does (present simple) or did (past simple) + have
+ object + past participle .
Did he have his mail delivered yesterday?
He fixes his car. He has his car fixed.
He is having his car
He is fixing his car.
fixed.
He fixed his car. He had his car fixed.
He was having his
He was fixing his car.
car fixed.
He has had his car
He has fixed his car.
fixed.
He had had his car
He had fixed hiscar.
fixed.
He will have his car
"",",~~""""''''''''''.~I He will fix his car.
fixed.
Reflexive Pronouns
I - myself, you - yoursel f, he - himself, she - herself,
it - itself, we - ourselves, you - yourselves,
th ey - themselves
We use reflexive pronouns:
• with verbs such as behave, burn, cut, enjoy, hurt,
introduce, kill, look at, teach etc or with prepositions
when the subject and the object of the verb are the same
person. She (subject) hurt herself (object) when she fell down.
• with the preposition by wh en we mean alone/without
company or without help (= on one's own). He lives in that
big house by himself/on his own.
• in the followi ng expressions: enjoy yourself (h ave a good
time), behave yourself (be good), help yourself (you are
welcome to take something if you wa nt).
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
• to emphasise the subject or the object of a sentence.
wrote this poem myself (I wrote this essay. Nobody else
wrote it) Chris met Ronaldino himself. (Chris met Ronaldino,
not somebody else )
Note:
• We do not normally use reflexive pronouns with the verbs
concentrate, feel, meet and relax . You should concentrate
on your work. (NOT YofJ shofJlti concentrate YOfJrself on yom:
~)
• Reflexive pronouns are used with the verbs dress, wash
and shave when we want to show that someone did
something with a lot of effort. Mary's baby girl is three years
old but managed to dress herself.
The Causative
5 Complete the following exchanges using
the causative.
1 A: Greta looks very pretty today.
B: Yes, she ......... .. ....... .... ... .................... ....... ..
.................. .. ..... ..... (her hair/do) yesterda y
2 A: Catherine is spending a lot of money on he
wedding.
B: I know. She .................................................
(her dress/make) by a famous designer.
3 A: My washing machine is acting up again.
B: You should call someone and .................... .
... .......... .. ................................... (it/repair)
4 A: The team did really well winning tr:
championship .
B: Yes. They .....................................................
.. ................ ...... (their picture/take) for th e
local paper at the moment.
S A: Why is Harry so upset?
B: He ...............................................................
(his wallet/steal) on the way to work.
6 A: When are they coming to service the al-
conditioning?
B: We ............................................................ .. .
(the system/service) next week.
=
7 A: Did you see the story about the computE:
hackers on the news?
B: Yes, the government .. ..... ......................... .. .
.. ....................... (their system/break into).
8 A: What was Caroline doing when you calle ~
her?
B: She ............................................................ ..
(her nails/do).
9 A: What's wrong?
B: Someone broke into my house, so now
........................... (a burglar alarm/install).
10 A: Is this your new sofa?
B: Yes, I ...........................................................
(it/deliver) at the weekend .
:

88
 Read the situations and write sentences 8 Choose the correct item.
; using using the causative.
1 Lee bought the present ... .... . .
They are painting my parents house. What are A itself B himself C myself
my parents doing?
2 Keith .... .. .. his broken arm set this morning .
A had B has C has had
yesterday
2 Lance has arranged for his car to be repaired 3 We .... .... our new kitchen installed tomorrow.
ley on hE:
next week. What will Lance do? A have B are having Chad

4 She .. .. .... her bag stolen on the underground

igner. last week.
3 The thief stole Edith's car. What happened to A was having B ha'd
Igain. Edith? C had had

t/repair). 5 I burnt ........ when I was making chips for

dinner.
ning th:. 4 When Sally arrived, the electrician was fitting
A myself B ourselves C yourself
security lights outside her house. What was
Sally doing? 6 They fixed the problem ........ instead of calling
!) for th e a repairman.
A ourselves B themselves C yourselves
5 Bob has arranged for all his calls to be
7 Where can I have my ears ........ ?
forwarded to his mobile while he is overseas.
A pierce B pierces C pierced
What has Bob done?
lrk.
8 You should have hired a professional plumber
the air- instead of doing the job .........
A ourselves B myself
C yourself.
Reflexive pronouns
9 Jenny hurt .. .. .... when she fell down the stairs.
Fill in the correct reflexive pronoun where
ompute " A himself B itself C herself
necessary.
10 Martin had his portrait .... .. .. by a street artist
A: Do you think Jeremy will behave ............ ..
in Paris.
k into). when the new babysitter comes?
A painted B paint C paints
u callec B: Oh, I hope so.
11 Honest, the door opened all by .........
A: You should stop messing around and
A herself B himself C itself
concentrate .............. on your work.
B: I know, but it's so boring. 12 They ........ the documents drawn up as we
speak.
3 A: I think that was a success.
now A have B have had C are having
B: Yes, I think everyone enjoyed .............. .
lstall). 13 I think I my dress dry-cleaned for the
.! A: Feel free to help .... .... .... .. to anything in the
fridge. ball.
B: Thank you. That's very kind of you. A am having B will have
C have
~ A: Are you having a cake made for the party.
B: No, I'm going to bake it .. .. .......... . 14 Can you believe it, Fiona met Angelina Jolie

- A: We have to sort out the problem by .............. .

A himself B myself C herself
B: You're right.

89
 Reported speech
Direct speech is the exact words someone said. We use
quotation marks in direct speech.
Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone
said, but not the exact words. We do not use quotation
marks in reported speech. The word that can either be used
or omitted after the introductory verb (say, tell, et c)
Say - Tell
• say + no personal object Usa said (that) she was hungry.
• say + to + personal object Usa said to me (that) she was
hungry.
• tell + personal object Usa told me (that) she was hungry.
• We use say + to-infinitive but never say about. We use
tell sb, speak/talk about. She said to meet her at the station.
He told her/spoke/talked about his new idea.
hello, good morning/afternoon, etc, something/
nothing, so, a prayer, a few words, no more, for
certain/sure, sorry, etc.
the truth, a lie, a story, a secret, a joke, the time,
the difference, one from another, somebody one's
name, somebody the way, somebody so, someone's
fortune, etc.
a question, a favour, the price, after somebody, the
time, around, for something/somebody, etc.
Reported statements
• In reported speech, personal/possessive pronouns and
possessive adjectives change according to the meaning of
the sentence. James said, "I've booked my ticket." (direct
statement) James said (that) he had booked his ticket.
(reported statement)
• We can report someone's words either a long time after
they were said (out-of-date reporting) or a short time
after they were said (up-to-date reporting).
Up-to-date reporting
The tenses can either change or remain the same in reported
speech. ~ •
Direct speech: Julia said, "/ read an interesting book."
Reported speech: Julia said that she read/had read an
interesting book.
Out-of-date reporting
The introductory verb is in the past simple and the tenses
change as follows:
90
:
They said (that) they moved/haa
moved to a new house.
Past Cont uous -+ Past Cont uous or
Past Perfect Continuous
He said (that) he was watching
"/ was watching TV"
been watching TV.
"/ will rent a DVD.
• Certain words and time expressions change according t:
the meaning as follows: now -+ then, immediately; tod a
-+ that day; yesterday -+ the day before, the previous da!
tomorrow -+ the next/following day; this week -+ the·
week; last week -+ the week before, the previous wee,
next week -+ the week after, the following week; ago -
before; here -+ there
Reported orders/commands
• We use order/tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive to rep o~
commands.
"Go away!" she said.
She ordered/told them to go away.
• To report orders or instructions, we use the verbs order c
tell + sb + (not) to-infinitive. "Turn off the TV!" she to:
them. (direct order) She told them to turn off the T
(reported order) "Don't talk to me!" she said. (direct ord e-
She ordered me not to talk to her. (reported order)
ons
Reported questions are usually introduced with the ve rt:
ask, inquire, wonder or the expression want to know.
• When the direct question begins with a question wor:
(who, where, how, when, what, etc), the reporte:
question is introduced with the same question word.
"Where does Ben live?" she wondered. (direct question)
She wondered where Ben lived. (reported question)
• When the direct question begins with an auxiliary (be
do, have) or a modal verb (can, may, etc), then tr::
reported question is introduced with if or whether.
"Do you have a spare pen?" he asked. (direct question)
He asked me if/whether / had a spare pen. (reported questior
• In reported questions, the verb is in the affirmative . Tr ::
question mark and words/expressions such as please
well, oh, etc are omitted. The verb tenses, pronouns an:
time expressions change as in statements . "Can you he :
me with my homework, please?" she asked him. (direc
question) She asked him if he could help her with he
homework. (reported question)
 Fill in the gaps with say or tell in the correct 11 Lucy is considering a career as a forensic
form. scientist. She has asked Ben Langden some
)gging ever
questions. Report Lucy's questions.
A: James .. .. .. ...................... to me that he had
us
been called for jury service. 1 "Is the job anything like what we see on TV?"
)king luner
B: I think he .................... ,... .... everyone. Lucy wanted to know ......... .. ..................... .. .. .. .
, bought? A: The boy .. ...... .. .. .... ........ .. .. he didn't do the
graffiti on the school wall. 2 "What's a typical day like for you?"she asked him.
~ct She wondered .... ... .. ........................................ .
B: Don't trust him, he .... ........................ lies all
1oved/ha~
the time .
3 "Can you tell me something about the
3 A: Have you .. .. ...... .... .. ...... .. .. .. Felicity about
scientific methods you use?" .
the robbery?
watching She asked Ben ............................ .............. ...... ..
B: Yes. She .. .... .. .... .. .... ......... she was shocked .
.....
.! A: I'll ............ .... .. .. .... .... you a secret, if you 4 "What kind of equipment is used?"
nta DVD. Lucy also asked ''''''''''''' '' ''''''''''' '''' '''''''''' ''''''''
promise not to ............................ anyone.
B: I swear! I won't ........ .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. anyone.
5 "What are the best parts of your job?"
- A: He asked me for the time and then he
She wanted to know .... ..................... .. ............ .
grabbed my bag.
B: That's terrible. Did you .... .......................... .
6 "Are there any parts of your job you don't
the police what he looked like?
like?"
She also asked " ''''' '' '' '' '' '''''''' '''' '' ''' ''' ''''''' ''''''' '
3 Change from direct speech to reported speech.
o repor
"I don't use the same online password for
everything," said Pete. 12 Report the sentences. Use the verb!
Pete sa id ........ ....................................... ..... ..... .. expression in brackets.
order o'
, she tolc 1 "Please don't touch the exhibits," the guide
2 Bob said to us, "Watch out for pickpockets on said to the visitors . (asked)
f the J1.
t order the underground."
Bob told .... ................................................... .. ..
2 "Keep away from the edge of the platform,"
3 "Freedom of speech is a basic human right," the station master told the children . (ordered)
le verbs the protesters said to the reporter.
)w.
The protesters told ............................ .... .......... .
n wore
'portee 3 "When does the film start?" Olivia said.
rd. , "The case will be heard in court tomorrow," (wanted to know)
said the solicitor.
The solicitor said ............................................ ..
ry (be,
:n the 4 "Let's have a barbecue tonight~John .said .
, "A pickpocket has stolen my wallet," the (suggested)
tourist said to the police officer.
:stion)
The tourist told ........... ...... .. ............. ... .. ..... .. ... . ........................................................................ ....
2. The
lease, 5 "00 you know what happened in court?" the
IS an d ,. "I will drive slowly, " Jane said to her husband. man said to the reporter. (asked)
u help Jane told ...... .... .. .......... .... .. ........... .. .......... .. ... ..
direct ~

h her

91
 •••
INTRODUCTORY VERB DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
agree + to-inf "Yes, I'll lend you some money." ~ He agreed to lend me some money.
demand "Tell me the truth!" ~ He demanded to be told the truth.
offer "Would you like me to cook something?" ~ He offered to cook something.
promise "I'll try harder. " ~ He promised to try harder.
refuse "No, I won 't lend you my car. " ~ He refused to lend me his car.
threaten "Leave the building or 1'1/ call the police." ~ He threatened to call the police if I didn't leave the
building.
claim "I saw him take the money. " ~ He claimed to have seen him take the money.
advise + sb + to-inf "You should get more sleep." ~He advised me to get more sleep.
allow "You can go to the concert." ~He allowed me to go to the concert.
ask "Please, turn the volume down. " ~ He asked me to turn the volume down.
beg "Please, please stop laughing at me." ~ He begged me to stop laughing at him.
command "Surrender!" ~ He commanded the enemy to surrender.
encourage "Go ahead, try it. " ~ He encouraged me to try it.
forbid "You mustn 't stay out late." ~ He forbade me to stay out late.
instruct 'Type your password and press 'enter'." ~ He instructed me to type my password and press
'enter'.
::
invite "Would you like to come to the beach with us?" ~ He invited me to go to the beach with them.
order "Go to your room!" ~ He ordered me to go to my room.
permit "You may sit here." ~ He permitted me to sit there.
remind "Don't forget to lock the door." ~ He reminded me to lock the door.
urge "Eat your dinner. " ~ He urged me to eat my dinner.
warn "Don't dive in the lake." ~ He warned me not to dive in the lake.
want "I'd like you to take extra lessons." ~ He wanted me to take extra lessons.

accuse sb of + -ing form "You scratched my CD!" ~ He accused me of scratching/having scratched his CD.
apologise for "I'm sorry I was late." ~ He apologised for being/having been late.
admit (to) "Yes, I failed my exams. " ~ He admitted (to) failing/having failed his exams.
boast about "I sing better than Jake." ~ He boasted about singing better than Jake.
complain to sb about "You never help out." ~ He complained to me about my never helping out.
deny "No, I didn't cheat in the test." ~ He denied cheating/having cheated in the test.
insist on "You must takeyour medicine." ~ He insisted on me/my taking my medicine.
suggest "Let's watch a DVD." ~ He suggested watching a DVD.
agree + that-clause "Yes, it is a great idea." ~ He agreed that it was a great idea.
boast "I'm an expert chef. " ~ He boasted that he was an expert chef.
claim "I won three awards." ~ He claimed that he had won three awards.
complain "You never do the dishes. " ~ He complained that I never did the dishes.
deny "I've never lied to her." ~ He denied that he had ever lied to her.
exclaim "It'samazing!" ~ He exclaimed that it was amazing.
explain "It is a simple set of instructions. " ~ He explained that it was a simple set of instructions.
inform sb "Your flight will be delayed." ~ He informed me that my flight would be delayed.
promise "I won't make noise." ~ He promised that he wouldn't make noise.
suggest "You ought to make reservations." ~ He suggested that I make reservations.
explain to sb + how 'This is how you save a file." ~ He explained to me how to save a file.
i -
wonder where/what/why/ He asked himself, "How will they get to the ~ He wondered how they would get to the airport.
how + clause (when the airport?"
subject of the introductory He asked himself, "Where is everyone?" ~ He wondered where everyone was.
verb is not the same as the He asked himself, "Why are they shouting?" ~ He wondered why they were shouting.
subject in the reported He asked himself, "What is she writing?" ~ He wondered what she was writing.
question) wonder + He asked himself, "Shall I invite them over?" ~ He wondered whether to in vite them over.
whether + to-inf or clause ~ He wondered whether he should invite the over.

wonder where/what/how He asked himself, "When can I call them?" ~ He wondered when to call them.
+ to-inf (when the subject of He asked himself, "What should I say?" ~ He wondered what to say.
the infinitive is the same as He asked himself, "flow can I explain this?" ~ He wondered how to explain that.
the subject of the verb)

92
 Introductory Verbs 1 5 Complete the sentences.
3 Complete the gaps with the appropriate 1 "Let me take your bags for you," he said .
introductory verbs below.
He offered to take my bags for me.
• apologised • commanded • promised 2 "You should eat more fruit," Carol said to Ray.
• refused • suggested Carol advised ................................................... .
leave the
"I'll be back before midnight, Mum," Tanya
3 "Why don't you come for dinner this evening?"
y. said.
Larry said to me.
Tanya .................................... her mother she'd
Larry invited .....................................................
be back before midnight.
2 "I will not lie for you," Glen said to Ewan.
4 "I climbed Mount Everest," Grant said.
Glen .......................................... to lie for Ewan .
Grant claimed ................................................. ..
3 "Get in the car!" the police officer said to the
robber.
ress 5 "You can go in now," Ms Dean said to Kevin.
The police officer ......................... the robber to
Ms Dean informed .......................................... ..
get in the car.
• "I'm sorry I lost your book," Brenda said to
6 "Please don't tell the teacher," Craig said to
Pete.
me.
Brenda .................................. to Pete for losing
Craig begged ... ................................................ .
his book.
S "Let's take the bus." Karen said.
dhis CD. Karen ........................................ taking the bus.
16 Report the sentences using special
lms.
Match the sentences (1-6) to the correct introductory verbs.
gout. introductory verb (a-f). Then, report the
1 "What a nice day!" said Aunt Dahlia.
st. sentences.
Aunt Dahlia exclaimed that it was a nice day.
=:=J] "Stop that. or I'll tell Dad." Josh said to me. 2 "You boil the potatoes before adding them to
the soup," said the cooking instructor.
~ "Come on. Fran. run faster!" said the coach .
The cooking instructor .................................... .
::cJ "Don't forget your dentist appointment this
evening," Kate told Tom.
3 "You mustn't park here," the traffic warden
::0 "I'd like you to clean your room,"Dad said to
said to the driver.
me.
·ions. The traffic warden .................. ........................ ..
'd. =0 "She ate all the cakes!" Hans said.
JD "I can swim better than all of you." Julia
4 "No, I didn't use your laptop without asking,"
I said.
--0 Neil said to Jan.
--j a accuse c encourage e threaten Neil ................................................................. ..
boast d remind f want
5 "You never listen to anything I say," Vince said
)osh threatened to tell Dad if I didn't stop. to me.
2 ....................................................................... ,. Vince ............................................................... .
3 .. ................... ...................... ........... ...... ........ .... . ........................................................................ .
04 ........................................................................ . 6 "Take two tablets and call me in the morning,"
5 ........................... ...... ................. .. .. .................. . the doctor said to Dean.
The doctor ....................................................... .

93
 1 Underline the correct item.
1 Carly was so upset that she broke out/off!
down in tears.
2 The paramedics managed to bring the driver
round/out/about after the accident.
3 Yvonne always falls out/for/through the wrong
men.
4 I hope I can get away/on/through my shift
tonight, I'm so tired .
5 You should go to the canteen; they're giving
off/away/up free coffee .
6 Kate and Helen had an argument yesterday
and fell for/out/through with each other.
7 It is advisable to give up/out/away smoking
because it is bad for your health.
8 Did you hear? Thieves broke out/offlin late last
night.
9 Janet was brought up/round/about by her
grandfather after her parents died.
10 I get along better with/through/away my
brother now he is at university.
10 I can't .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .......... .. .... .... .... the signaturE
2 Replace the words in bold with their
synonyms from the list in the correct form:
look through, look up, bring about, fall through,
4 Replace the words in bold with their
look for, break down, break out, go off, get away,
go over.
1 We are searching for my dog because he ran
away.
2 The prisoners managed to escape from the
guards.
3 Just quickly' read the questions before you
read the text.
4 A storm has just started suddenly in the south
east.
5 You should throw this milk away it's spoiled .
6 A change in the global temperature has caused
extreme weather.
7 Jane's trip to China didn't happen because she
got ill .
8 Amy got stuck in the middle of nowhere
because her car stopped working .
9 Why don't you examine your essay again to
make sure there are no mistakes.
10 You can find his number in the phone book.
10 As usual, Frank arrived late after everyone
94
3 Fill in: put up with, make out, go off, bring (him,
round, put on, put out, make up for, put (you)
through, get off, make up in the correct form .
1 You should never try to .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .............. . Co
ch ip pan fire by throwing water on it.
2 My mum used to .. ................ .. .. ........ .. ... gam ~
when I was a kid to keep me entertained.
3 Please hold the line while I .................... .... .... ..
to Mr Jackson.
4 I couldn't sleep last night, my smoke alarr
kept .. ........ .. .......... .... .
5 I'm sure you can .. .............. .. .. ...... .. ............... t:
the idea of getting solar panels.
6 You have to .... .. .............. .. ........ at ManchestE
to change trains.
7 The airline gave passengers a free meal vouch E
to .. .. .... .... .... .. .. .. ..... the delay.
8 Steven has a beautiful flat but he has to ...... .
.. .. .. .... .. ..... noisy neighbours.
9 Rebecca has .. ................ .... .. some weight sin c=
she started her new office job.
it's badly smudged.
;=
synonym from the list in the correct form:
take after, turn over, turn off, give away, go off,
take up, put on, turn up, take off, turn down .
1 The bomb disposal team made sure that th=
device didn't explode. c=
2 Alexander looks like his father and they sou n:
alike, too.
3 The plane had difficulty leaving the groun ~
because there was ice on the runway.
4 Don't forget to switch off your monitor at t =
end of the day to save energy.
5 Reduce the volume of your music to protec
your hearing.
- .
6 My dad started a new hobby when he retired.
7 Tina is always telling me the ending of fil
before I've seen them.
8 You should wear the gold dress tonight,
really suits you.
9 Can you move to the next page of my music
I'm playing?
already started eating .
ring (him) Underline the correct item. 7 Replace the words in bold with thei r
t (you) synonym from the list in the correct form :
When I was little I wanted to run away/out of/
et form . run into, give away, put through to, take off, set
into and join the circus.
off, put off, put up with, get along with, give up,
.. .. .. ...... c 2 I need to return these shoes; the heel just
go off.
broke outlin/off.
.... gam e ~ 3 Maria loves looking for/up/after her nephew 1 Maybe we should postpone the picnic till
led . when her brother goes out. tomorrow because of the weather.
~ Don't worry the anaesthesia will wear in/off/ 2 Mary has a friendly relationship with her
out soon. neighbours.
,ke ala m S Can you help me? I can't work out/on/off this 3 The supermarket is handing out free cans of
problem. coke . ~
.... ...... tc S You will never guess who I ran offlint%ut of 4 I'm on hold while they connect me with t he
at the weekend. sales department.
3ncheste- It's hot in here; you should take after/up/off S Andrea is going to stop the bad habit of eati ng
your jacket. sweets because they're not good for her teet h.
I vouch e" S I'm so glad Paul and Darren have made up/out/ 6 I unexpectedly met an old school friend, wh o I
off. It's not good when friends argue. haven't seen in years.
to ....... . 3 The new factory gives away/off/up a terrible 7 They are going to light the fireworks at midn ight.
smell. 8 My niece didn't want to remove her pa rty
ght sincE My aunt and uncle are thinking of setting out! dress when it was time for bed.
off/up their own business. 9 I was late for work because my alarm did n't
ignature ring.
Fill in: turn down, work out, look through, run 10 Nobody should have to tolerate bad work ing
out of, break out, work on, go around, wear out,
r get away, set off in the correct form .
form :
We need to go shopping, we've ...................... .
go off,
coffee.
Iwn.
Chris is not too happy because he was .......... ..
that t he .. ................ for promotion.
3 Karen .......................... ................ in a rash this
!y soun c morning so she's gone to the doctor.
- I think you need to buy some new clothes, your
grOU nd old ones are all .......................... .
- There should be enough to ............................ .
)r at th e I bought plenty.
. If Barry wants to get fit, he should go to the
protec:. gym and ............ .. .. .. ........... .
- We're going to ...................................... at 7 in
retired . t he morning to beat the traffic.
of fil m ~ - Emma ................ ................ .... . her final project
for Science class.
light, i: -:. I .. ................ .................. the brochure and they
seem to offer all the courses I want.
nusic as We really need to .............. .. ...... .... .. ................ .
for the summer.
Jne hac

95
 absent from (adj) ahead of (prep . phr) apply for sth (v)
according to (prep) aim at (v) arrest sb for sth (v)
accuse sb of (v) amazed at/by (adj) arrive at (a small place) (v)
accustomed to (adj) angry about sth (adj) arrive in (a town) (v)
A advantage of (n) (but: there's an angry with sb for doing sth (adj) ashamed of (adj)
advantage in) annoyed about sth (adj) ask for (v) (but: ask sb a questio
advice on (n) annoyed with sb for doing sth (adj) astonished at/by (adj)
afraid of (adj) answer to (n) attitude to/towards (n)
agree with sb/sth (v) apologise to sb for sth (v) aware of (adj)

bad at (adj) belong to (v) bored with (adj)

base on (v) blame sb for sth (v) borrow sth from sb (v)
B
begin with (v) blame sth on sb (v) brilliant at (adj)
believe in (v) (someone is to) blame for sth (v) bump into (v)

capable of (adj) close to (adj) consist of (v)

care about (v) collide with (v) contact between (n) (but: in
care for sb/sth (v) communicate with (v) contact with)
(take) care of (n) complain to sb about sth/sb (v) cope with (v)
cause of (n) concentrate on (v) crash into (v)
C
charge sb with (v) concerned about (adj) crowded with (adj)
cheque for (n) congratulate sb on sth (v) cruel to (adj)
choice of (n) connection between (n) (but: in cure for (n)
clever of you (to do sth) (adj) connection with) cut into small pieces (v)
climb to (v) conscious of (adj)

damage to (n) die of (v) divide into (v) =-::

decide on (v) die in an accident (v) do sth about (v)
decrease in (n) difference between (n) dream about (v)
-
0 -
delighted with (adj) different from/to (adj) dream of (v) (= imagine)
demand for (n) drive into (v)
-
disadvantage of (n)
-
depend on (v) disappointed with (adj) due to (prep)
---
engaged to (adj) excellent at (adj) explain sth to sb (v)
E
envious of (adj) excited about (adj) -
fall down (v) fight for (v) frightened of (adj) -
fall in (v) fond of (adj) full of (adj)
F famous for (adj) forget about (v) furious about sth (adj)
fed up with (adj) forgive sb for (v) furious with sb for doing sth (adj
fight against (v) (un)friendly to (adj) -. -
-:: t
generous of sb (to do sth) (adj) generous to sb (adj) good at sth (adj)
G get stuck in (v) glance at (v) good to sb (adj) -
-- - c
get rid of (v) go through (v) good of sb (to do sth) (adj)

happen to (v) hear from (v) (= receive a letter) hopeless at (adj) - -.

H hear about (v) (= be told) hear of (v) (= learn that sth or sb - .
exists) -: .
96
 impressed by/with (adj) insist on (v) invitation to (n)
J incapable of (adj) intelligent of sb (to do sth) (adj) invite sb to (v)
v) increase in (n) interested in (adj)
-
,
~ jealous of (adj)

question keen on sth (adj) kind to (adj) key to (n)

(

ki nd of sb (to do sth) (adj)

laugh at (v) live on (v) (have a) look at (n)
1 leave for (v) look at (v)
listen to (v) located in (adv. phr.)
- married to (adj) mean to (adj) "
made of (v)
V
made from (v) mean of sb (to do sth) (adj) mistake for (v)
- nice of sb (to do sth) (adj) nice to (adj)
J. need for (n)
: optimistic about (adj)
in
pay for (v) (im)polite of sb (to do sth) (adj) protect against/from (v)
photograph of (n) (im)polite to (adj) proud of (adj)
picture of (n) popular with (adj) provide sb with (v)
:
(un)pleasant to (adj) prefer sth to sth else (v) (put) pressure on sb (n)
pleased with (adj) prevent sb from (v)
point at (v) proof of (n)
reaction to (n) relationship between (n) (but: a reply to (n/v)
ready for (adj) good relationship) with sb) responsible for (adj)
: reason for (n) rely on '(v) rise in (n)
11
1i
receive from (v) remind sb of/about (v) rude of sb (to do sth) (adj)
regard as (v) remind sb to do sth (v) rude to (adj)
satisfied with (adj) shout to (v) spend time doing sth (v)
save sb from (v) silly of sb to do sth (adj) split into (v)
scared of (adj) similar to (adj) stare at (v)
search for (v/n) smile at (v) stupid of sb (to do sth) (adj)
sensible of sb (to do sth) (adj) solution to (n) succeed in (v)
- sentence sb to (v) sorry about sth (adj) suffer from (v)
se rve with (v) sorry for sb (adj) surprised at/by (adj)
sh ocked at/by (adj) sorry for doing sth (adj) surrounded by (adj)
short of (adj) speak to (v) suspicious of (adj)
h (adj) sh out at (v) spend money on sth (v)

:ake part in (v) throw at (v) translate from .. . into (v)

(alk to (v) throw to (v) t reat with (v)
-
"
:errified of (adj) tired of (adj) turn sth into sth else (phr v)
th ink about/of (v) top of sth (n)
-
:.J unreasonable of sb (to do sth) (adj) upset about (adj)
..
~

-fj 'wait for (v) warn sb against/about/of (v) worried about (adj)
.valk towards (v) warn sb not to do sth (v) write to sb (v)

97
 at the bottom of at least at 4, Rose Street
At
at first at the weekend
by accident by chance by Rembrandt
by bus/train/car/taxi/coach/sh by cheque by Shakespeare
boat/seal air /p la ne/he Iico by invitation by the time
By
(but: on a/the bus/train/ by mistake
coach/ship/boat/plane, in a by post/(air)mail
car/taxi/plane/helicopter)

for breakfast/lunch/dinner for help for a swim

For for a drink (go to a place) for a holiday/ for a walk
for fun (= for amusement) my holiday(s) for a while
From from time to time from now on from that day on
in agony in disbelief in love (with)
in an armchair in the distance in one's opinion
in cash in one's free time in other words
In in the (city) centre in the fresh air in power
in the/a city in a hurry in time
in common in history
in the countryside in the living room
~

Into into pieces

on business on fire on the phone/telephone
on the (west) coast on the 4th floor (of) on the radio/TV
on a cruise/excursion/trip/tour on foot on the right/left
On on a diet on a journey on strike
on an expedition on the other hand on a trip
on display on holiday
on a farm (but: in a field) on page ...
Out of out of control out of date out of order
To to one's relief to one's horror
Under unPer control under repair under threat
-

::

98
 Underline the correct item.
, There is a lot of demand in/for/
to this new computer game.
~ Joe is very bad at/about/with
football, he can't kick the ball.
Carol is complaining from/for/of
stomach ache.
- Bill is capable tolin/of passing
this exam.
~ Children adapt on/to/about new
things quicker than adults.
I'm very angry to/about/with
Steve for breaking my MP3 player.
- Careful! You're going to bump
int%nto/upon the door.
• My sister appeared in/t%n the
news last night.
• I'm bored at/with/to staying in,
let's go for a walk.
I recycle because I care for/with/
about the environment.
Fill in: of, at, with, to, fOf, about.
• The community is very happy
.... ......... the new children's park.
• Athens is famous ................... its
archaeological sites.
~ He was found guilty ............. the
crime and sentenced to jail.
- Since I was little I've been
fr ightened ............... cats.
~ Susan dreams ............. becoming
a famous actress.
- I would love to escape
a hot country this summer.
- We arrived ............... the theatre
just as the play was starting.
• I' m really excited .......... meeting
my pen friend.
· There is no known cure ............ ..
th e common cold.
· Brian is very good .......... making
new friends.
3 Underline the correct item.
1 My brother was always very jealous about/of/with me when
we were young.
2 We left at/of/in such a hurry I forgot my passport.
3 I feel sorry about/with/for Eddie, he has to share a room
with his brother.
4 I'm really interested in/t%n studying History at university.
5 Allison just heard from/about/of her aunt in Australia, she's
coming for a visit.
6 The rainforests are under/on/in danger of being wiped out.
7 Harry doesn't know at/about/with the party, does he?
8 We should go in/t%n safari this year.
9 People are curious about/of/with ancient civilisations.
10 I'm nervous for/of/about my interview tomorrow.
4 Underline the correct item.
1 My dad was part in/with/of a rock band when he was a
student.
2 The bank robbers will appear on/atlin court next week.
3 I always struggled about/from/with Maths at school.
4 People are partly responsible for/tolin global warming .
5 I'm sorry, I disagree withlin/to that point.
6 Can I speak at/t%n you about taking some t ime off?
7 The children are having a great time jumping onto/uponlinto
the pool.
8 You can find lots of information atlin/on the Internet.
9 He wasn't qualified for/of/to the job so he didn't get it.
10 My uncle is married with/t%f my mum's best friend.
5 Fill in: of, to, at, with, fOf, in ..
1
I'm not a good dancer, my friends always laugh ...... .. ....... me.
2
I wanted to thank you ....... helping with the charity concert.
3
Can you wait ............... me while I buy my ticket?
It's a nice gesture to smile ............... passers-by.
4
5
This is a picture ............... my whole family.
6
Jamie agrees ................... Alan that we should see a comedy.
7
It might be nice ............... go out for dinner tonight.
Jenny has such great taste ............. clothes, she always looks
8
great.
9 The thieves tried to get rid ............... the evidence.
10 You should write .. .. ...... your grandmother and thank her for
the present.
99
 6 Underline the correct item
1 You shouldn't dispose in/of/from batteries in
normal household waste.
2 Peter insisted to/for/on giving me his coat
because it was cold .
3 I complained t%f/at the shop assistant about
my faulty TV.
4 Robin does his homework t%nlin the bus to
school.
S I got a nice surprise in/on/from the post; my
cousin sent me a letter.
6 I completely forgot with/about/for the cake I
was baking and it got burnt.
7 My dog always wakes me up at/oflin the
morning.
8 Mandy has a lot of difficulty for/to/with
remembering people's names.
9 I don't like it when people gossip about/for/at
other people at work.
10 My sister always learns the songs of her
favourite group of/at/by heart.
7 Fill in: from, for, in, of, on, at.
1 Frank is meeting me ... ............ the airport.
2 Can you take the dog ............... a walk.
3 Th is dish is so different .... .... ..... the food I had
on holiday.
4 I think it's silly to spend money ...... .. ..... things
you don't need.
S Sam succeeded ............ .... .. .. fina lly passing his
driving test.
6 My parents ..a re very proud ... ....... my brother's
charity work.
7 I'm tired .... ...... .... everyone complaining about
the weather.
8 You have to wait .......... a queue to get served.
9 Citrus fruit is rich ...... .. ....... vitamin C.
10 The last departure .. ... ........ .. the station leaves
at 12.30am.
100
8 Underline the correct item.
1 You can get this cheaper if you pay on/ofli
cash.
2 According of/at/to the forecast it is going t:
rain tomorrow.
3 I'm so fed up with/for/of this project I a
doing.
4 Jamie is really disappointed of/with/from h'
results. .:;
S I often listen at/t%n music while I study.
6 My mum is worried for/at/about rr
grandmother coming to visit.
7 I'm terrified of/atlin heights; I can't even cli :
a ladder.
8 We stayed in/on/to a lovely hotel when 111 =
went to Spain.
9 My parents are going on/atlin a cruise of t r~
Greek islands.
10 I've decided to travel to India on/at/by myse - :
after graduation.
9 Fill in: on, for, to, in, at, of.
1 Make sure you keep ............... touch when y
move to your new house.
2 Charities rely ......... donations from the publ i
3 We should all be kind ............ the environm
and recycle more.
4 This is an example ........... the architect's wor
S I can't eat that cake because I'm ........... a die-
6 Would you like to go to the cinema .. ......... tr-
weekend?
7 The house across the road is up ............... sa le: .:: -
8 The only solution ......... this problem is for
to share the computer.
9 April's house is very close ............. the cinemc.
10 I had to beg my dad ...................... the car
weekend.
-- - ....
 Complete the gaps with the word derived from the words in bold .

y on/of/i
She is the most ....................... woman I've ever 27 You shouldn 't ta lk ........... ,.
5 going . - seen. (BEAUTY) on the phone , (LOUD )
2 Going over the speed limit is ........ .............. . . 28 I can't stand .. .... ... .... ............ .
)ject I a (DANGER) 29 Your ............ ............. ..... . IS to:a llj' ~:-I :: :: =;::=: =
3 He was very .... ... ... .... ......... to us and seemed to (BEHAVE)
I/from h · enjoy our company. (FRIEND) 30 Kelly won a ............. ..... .... .... ..... .... a--:: ~ :;:~
~ Google gained ...................... quickly. (POPULAR) Un iversity. (SCHOLAR)
;tudy. 5 He found her idea rather .................. (CONFUSE) 31 Tina is a ........ ... ......................... ..... ........ or mine;
lout IT S The volcanic .... ............................ caused a lot of she's my cousin . (RELATE)
damage. (ERUPT) 32 The dandidas is a .................................... . da nce .
~ven cli m: The ... ... ... ...... ....... ............. starts at 6:00 so we'd (TRADITION)
better hurry. (PERFORM) 33 We were ............................................... with the
when W: 3 The museum is a popular tourist .... ..... .... .... . service so we complained to the manager.
(ATTRACT) (SATISFY)
ise of t ,,- The guide was very ........................................ .... . 34 30% of women snore ........ .............. (REGULAR)
and answered all our questions. (HELP) 35 It is ... .. ..................... .......................... to point at
by myse' He fought hard to stay ..... ... .................... (LIVE) people. They can get offended. (POLITE)
Some mushrooms can be ................................... . 36 The information was .......................................... .
so be careful when you pick them . (POISON) and everyone got confused. (ACCURATE)
This pie is too .... ....... ... ...... I can't eat it. (SALT) 37 Everyone's .............................. .. ..... .......... ........ to
3 That is too ..... ... ................... ............. ....... for me the new measures was positive. (REACT)
t o buy. (EXPENSE) 38 They have ..... .......... ............................. moved to
Nhen yo. - The accident was caused by a ............................ . a bigger house. (RECENT)
driver. (CARE) 39 They became ........................... .. ........ .. ..... of him
le publ ic. J The crowd sighed with ..... ......................... ...... ... . when he was caught lying. (SUSPECT)
ironmer- when he reached the roof. (RELIEVE) 40 The blood ........................................................... .
Joan seems .......................... ................... What's showed he was innocent. (ANALYSE)
:t's work wrong with her? (HAPPY) 41 Peter is .... .............................; intell igent. (H IG H)
... a die This surface is ..................................................... , 42 His parents were very ... ...... .. ... ............... ... ..... ... .
........ t h: you'd better not walk on it. (SLIP) of him. (PRIDE)
.............. ................... make me feel dizzy. (HIGH) 43 Our ......................................................... has got
...... sale _ The village is not easily ...................... (ACCESS) a lot of beautiful gardens. (NEIGHBOUR)
s for yo. My skin is very ........................ .......... to the sun. 44 Everyone is entitled to ....................................... .
(SENSE) of speech . (FREE)
cinemc hese shoes are very ......................................... . 45 The ............. ................ ........................ were very
~ car W- I could wear them all day long . (COMFORT) satisfied with the bonus they received. (EMPLOY)
hey had a huge ............................... .. .... ........... . 46 Everyone agreed with the .................... (SOLVE)
an d haven't spoken since. (ARGUE) 47 Petra works as a ........................... (RECEPTION)
• He seems to have put on a lot of ......... .. ........... . 48 He is a very hardworking and ........... .. ................
(WEIGH) person. (ENTHUSIASM)
! Sh e was happy because she got a ...... ............... . 49 A firefighter's job is extremely ........................ .. .
(PROMOTE) (RISK)
- I am sorry I was late for the ....................... . 50 She joined a ....................................... group and
(APPOINT) spent the summer protecting turtles and their
ome here .... ..... ...... ... ................. (IMMEDIATE) eggs. (CONSERVE)
101
1--- Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sent ence. Use the word
given and other words to complete the sentence.
1 Tom is a good basketball player, isn't he?
PLAYS Tom ............................................. ..
................................... , doesn't he?
2 Our teacher will mark our exams.
BE Our exams .................................... .
................................... our teacher.
3 "Have some biscuits, Marta."
HELP "Marta, ......................................... .
.......................... to some biscuits."
4 "Are you travelling to Japan?" Jan said to me.
WHETHER Jan asked me ............................... ..
........................................ to Japan.
5 People say a dragon guards that cave.
SAID A dragon ....................................... .
...................................... that cave.
6 Her parents gave their permission for her to go out.
LET Her parents .................................. .
................................................ out.
7 "Let's go to the cinema tonight," Joe said.
GOING Joe suggested .............................. ..
......................................... tonight.
8 Greg is twelve years old. Joe is thirteen years old.
THAN Joe ................................................ .
............................................. Greg.
9 Fred has lived in Toronto for two months.
MOVED Fred ............................................... .
................ ........... two months ago.
10 We haven't been out to eat for three weeks.
TIME The ............................................... .
......... to eat was three weeks ago.
11 Bob doesn't,play football anymore.
USED Bob ............................................... ..
......................................... football.
12 "Willl see you tomorrow?" John said to Nancy.
ASKED John ................................................. ..
........................ see her the next day.
13 Grant went to work on foot in the past, but now
he drives.
GO Grant ............................................ .
.... ....... on foot, but now he drives.
14 After we finished dinner, Mum started the washing-
up.
HAD Mum waited ................................ ..
dinner before starting the washing-
up.
102
15 "Where did I put my wallet?" he said .
WONDERED He ............. .. .... ... ....... .. .... .. ... ......... .
.......................... ........... his wallet.
16 We have never see n such a funny film .
THE It ........................... .. ...................... .
we have ever see n.
17 Pam didn't come to my party because I didn 't
invite her.
IF Pam wo uld have come to my part}
her. 2
18 Leave now or you'll miss your train .
NOT You'll miss your train .. .. .. .............. .
.. ................... ......................... now.
19 The beautician is painting her nails.
HAVING She .............. .. ..... .. .... .................... . 3
........................ .. by the beautician.
20 It would have been better if I had taken a map .
WISH I ................................................... ..
.. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....... a map.
21 "You're right. The exam was hard," she said .
AGREED She ........ .. .. ........ .... .. ..... ... .. .......... ..
..................................... been hard
22 If he runs faster, he'll win .
UNLESS He ....... ... .. .. ...... .. ............... .. ......... ..
...................... .. .. .... . he runs faste r
23 Tony has got the same num ber of CDs as I have .
MANY Tony ................. .... ....... ..... .... .. ..... ..
.............. ............ .. .... CDs as I have
24 It isn't necessary to water th e plants for me .
HAVE You ........................... .... ....... ....... ..
.. ............. water the plants for me
25 A designer won't make her dress.
BY She won't ......................... .. ......... ..
.. .................................. . a designer
26 You should get more exercise.
WERE If ........................................ .... ..... ..
.. ......... , I would get more exercise
27 That's the city Tolstoy was born in .
WHERE That ............................................. .
.......................... Tolstoy was born
28 "1 can't speak French," Sam said to me.
TOLD Sam ............. .......................... .. .. .. .
............................. .. . speak French
the wore
Here are some sentences 2 Here are some se ntences a
about an environmental group. For eac h questi on, com plete
For each question, complete it means the same as the fir s•.
the second sentence so that it words .
means the same as the first.
his walle 1 Doctors suggest t hat you ta ke a brea " '-._
Use no more than three
The ad vi ce given by doctors is .... .......... ..
words.
. . ... . .. . .. ... ... . . ..... .. .... ........................ ....... .... c .... =-=
It takes more than talking about 2 It is advisable to set you monitor at the rign: -= ~ ----
e I didn ' the problem to solve it. neck strain.
Just talking about the problem To avoid neck strain you ......................... .. .. .... ..
my part isn't .................. .. ...................... .. .. ......................................... your monitor at the r g- - - -. ---
................................ to solve it. 3 Illness can be caused by the harmful bacteria :;: ~:~ :­
2 If we don't do something now the keyboards .
planet is in real danger. Keyboards are full of harmful bacteria .................. .... ..... .
The planet is in real danger unless .................................................................... can cause illness
...... noVl 4 Always wash your hands before eating food at you comp ute ..
................................ now. ..................................................................... eat food at yo ur
3 They run a number of programmes computer without washing your hands first.
?auticia to involve the community. S Don't spend too long sitting at a computer without getti ng
a map. A number of programmes ......... . up and walking around.
........... .. ................. .... ............... ....... them You should get up and walk around .................................... ..
... a map to involve the community. .. ...................... ........ to spend too long sitting at a computer.
said.
~
4 A lot of businesses have introduced
.. ........... their recycling scheme .
?en hara Their recycling scheme .............. . 3 Here are some sentences about nursing. For each
....................................... by a lot question, complete the second sentence so that it
............. of businesses . means the same as the first. Use no more than three
ns faster I 5 Why don't you join the group and words.
I have. help the cause? 1 A nurse's most important task is patient care.
............. If I were you, ......................... .... . Patient care is .................... .......... ... ................................... .... .
lSI have ............................ join the group ............................................. than any other task for a nurse.
me. and help the cause. 2 Nurses are able to deal calmly with emergencies.
............. Nurses are capable of ........................................................... ..
s for me .................................................................. with emergencies.
3 Nurses spend time talking to patients.
............. Nurses take the time .. .......................................................... ..
:Jesigner ............ ............................. .... .. ... .. .... ................ ..... to patients.
4 You have to spend a long time training to be a nurse.
............ It takes a long time .............................................................. ..
exercise ......................................................................... to be a nurse.
S The health service needs more nurses.
............ There are not ............... ...................................................... .... .
'as born ................................................... nurses in the health service .

............
( French

103
 4 Here are some sentences about a trip to
London, For each question, complete the
second sentence so that it means the same
as the first. Use no more than three words.
1 The hotel they stayed in was not far from Kings
Cross Station .
The hotel they stayed in was quite ................ ..
.. .. ............................ Kings Cross Station .
2 Paul asked the receptionist if she could
recommend somewhere to eat.
Paul asked the receptionist," ...... .... .... .. ........... .
.... ..... ..... ....... .... ................ somewhere to eat?"
3 Paul went sightseeing everyday with Adam .
Everyday Paul went sightseeing and .. .. ........... .
........... .. .. ..... .. .......... .. ....................... did Adam .
4 Paul found many of the sights interesting .
Paul ... ..... .... ..... ....... ......... .. .. ...... .. .... .. ..... ..... ... ..
.. .. .. ................................ by many of the sights.
5 Seeing Buckingham Palace was Pau l's favourite
part of the trip .
Seeing Buckingham Palace was .................. .... ..
.......................... .. enjoyable part of Paul 's trip .
5 Here are some sentences about a haunted
castle. For each question, complete the
second sentence so that it means the same
as the first. Use no more than three words.
1 Tourists come to the castle in the hope of seeing
a ghost.
The castle is visited by tourists .... ...... .. ........... ..
.. .... .. ... .. .................... ...... . hope to see a ghost.
2 The most famous ghost is the Lady in Grey.
The Lady in Grey .......... .. .. ........................ .... .. ..
.. ........ .. .. ...... .. .. ....... .. .. .. . than any other ghost.
3 Several visitors claim to have seen ghosts.
Several visitors say .... ..... .. .................... .. .. .. .... ..
.... ...... ...... ........................ .. ........... ..... ... ghosts.
4 "Don't get lost," said the guide.
The guide told them .............................. .......... .
.. ..... .... ... ............ ... ................ ..................... lost.
5 It took them two hours to complete the tour.
The tour ......... .. ... .. ......... .. ....... .. ...... ..... ...... ... .. .
.... ...................... ..... ..... .. ........ .... .. .... two hours.
104
6 Here are some sentences about a hockey
team. For each question, complete the
second sentence so that it means the same
as the first. Use no more than three words .
1 There are 15 players on the team.
The team consists .......... .. .......................... .... .. .
3
.. .............. .. .. .. ............. ... .... .. ... ......... 15 players.
2 One player spends 2 hours travelling to eacr
training session .
It takes one player 2 hours .... ...... .. ................ .. .
.. .......................... .. ... .. to each training sessio n.
3 Jack joined the team 2 years ago.
Jack has been with the team ......................... .. .
......................... .. .. .... .... ................... .... . 2 years.
4 He is now their top goal scorer.
He has ...................... ....................... ........ .. .. .... .
.. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. ...... ...... .... .. .... their top goal score r.
5 The team succeeded in winning their countri es
biggest title.
The team were able ........... .. .. .. ...... .. ..... .... ...... ..
.. ............ .. .... ......... their countries biggest title.
(I
7 Here are some sentences about a film . For
each question, complete the second
sentence so that it means the same as the
first. Use no more than three words.
1 Everyone found Alan Barker's new film ve t)
impressive.
a'
Everyone ... ... .... .... ... ... .............. .. ... ...................
........................... .... . by Alan Barker's new fil m.
2 The film has sold more tickets than any othe
this year.
It is the .. .... .......... .. ...... ........... ... ..... .. .... .......... .. 3
................................. .. .......... .. ..... film th is yea r.
3 Critics wrote very good reviews of the film .
Very good reviews of t he film .......... .. .. .. ........ ..
.. .............................. .... ........................... critics.
4 I can't wait to get the film on DVD.
..
a
I am .. .. .. .. ........ .. ... ... ........ ............................ .. .. ..
...... .................... ...... .. getti ng the film on DVD .
.- ...
5 He has never made such a good fil m.
This is ................ ..... ........ ...... ..... ..... .. .... ............ (li
.. ....................... ............ .. ... he has made so fa r. c ::
) .
Ickey 1 Complete the gaps.
he
I plan on .................... (go) to baseball practice
le same
after school. Would you like ............... (come)?
words .
2 The doctor ... .... .......... ...... (careful) cleaned his
patients wound ............................. covering it.
3 Colin ............................. .. . (want) to become a
players
pilot ever .......... .. ....................... he was a boy.
to eac
4 Dan has told me he .... ......................... (take) a
gap year after ..................... (finish) university.
session S Anna talks very .................. (quick) and people
have a difficult time ........ .. .. (understand) her.
6 Colin usually likes .. .............. .................. (play)
2 years
basketball ............. his friends at the weekend.
7 At the moment, Peter ..................................... .
(watch) television with his friends. Later on he
I score r
.................................... (shop) with his mother.
)untries
S Alan's brother says he .......................... (study)
for an exam at the moment and .................... ..
st title. (may/come) to the park later on .
9 After a long day at work, Sally was ...... .. ....... ..
(look) forward .................. (relax) on the sofa .
. For
o Are you ............................. (go) anywhere nice
on your holidays this year? Yes, I am planning
5 the
................................... (visit) Rome for a week.
Ruth ............................ (enjoy) helping people
11 very
and .......................... .. .. .. (decide) to volunteer
at the homeless shelter.
2 Mr Smith doesn't like ...... .. ............... he works,
N film .
but knows it would be hard ............................ .
other
(find) a new job.
3 Our teacher asked us to sit ............................ ..
s year. (quiet) and listen while she ............................ .
m. (finish) explaining the task.
4 Dean ................................ ..... (have) breakfast,
:ritics .
when .............. .................. (sudden) there was
a loud knock at the door.
DVD. S While Tony and Adam ......................... .. .......... .
(travel) to work this morning, they ................ .
(listen) to the radio .
o far. 6 'Why ...................... .............. .. (you/not/come)
swimming with us yesterday?' Natasha .. .. ..... ..
................................. ....... .... ... (ask) her friend .
17 Joan's family were ............................. (wait) to
meet her as she .. .. .............. (get) off the train.
18 Gary .. .... .. ............... ... .. ........ (walk) in the park
when it began ............................ (rain/heavy).
19 After the guided tour ......................... (finish),
they ................. (be) taken back to their hotel.
20 Tony ............ ....... (know) London well because
he ................... ... .... ...... .. (visit) the city several
times before. <.
21 Karen ................ .................... (not/attend) her
aerobics class in many months and ................ ..
(worry) she will find it difficult.
22 The guide told the tourists he .............. .. .. .. .... ..
(explore) the caves .. .................... times before
and knew the way.
23 Christopher ......... .. .... .. ................... (apply) for
several jobs and ..................................... (wait)
to hear back from any potential employers.
24 Police ................................... . (speak) to a man
.. ......................... connection with a crime that
occurred last night.
25 The tennis match ......................... (delay) until
later this afternoon due ................. heavy rain .
26 Kevin .................... ................ .. . (terrify) during
the tour ............................ the haunted castle.
27 My friends and I .... ................................. (plan)
to travel around Asia, but our plans fell ......... .
at the last minute.
28 Katie has fallen ................ with her best friend
because she ............ ........... (gossip) about her.
29 My father is trying to give ...... .. .. smoking, but
he ............................. (found) it really difficult.
30 Are you .... ............. .. ......................... (go/vote)
for him .. .... .................. .. .. .. .. the next election?
31 My sister ....................... (feel) seasick because
there are big waves and the boat .................. ..
(move) up and down.
32 We ................................... (watch) a film when
all of a sudden there ................... a power cut!
33 Usa ......................... (open) the front door and
her dog .. .. .. ........ .. ....... (run) out of the house. 105
 34 The water shortage ............................ (follow)
the drought ..................................... (solve) by
digging a deep well.
35 What ................ (has) you .. ........ .. .................. .
(be/do) for the last 30 minutes?
36 My wife and I first ........................ (meet) each
other when we .................... (be) in university.
37 ....................................... (you/read) your book
before I ........ .. .... ....................... (disturb) you?
38 Greg ............................. (swim) in the pool for
an hour before he ......................... (feel) tired .
39 Next weekend I .................................... ..... (go)
to the zoo .................................... my nephew.
40 The defendant ................................. (feel) very
relieved to ....................... (be/find) not guilty.
41 Danny is ................ .................... (offer) to give
me a lift ........................... school this morning.
42 Learning how to ski .................................. (be/
difficult), but I'm ................................ (go/try)
my best!
43 I .. .. ................................. (try/talk) to him, but
he still ............................... (notllisten) to me!
44 ......... you go skydiving, you .... ...... very brave.
45 I .................................................. (like/make) a
reservation ....................... two people, please.
46 ................ he finishes the race in first place, he
.................... .................. (award) a gold medal.
47 Can you please turn .......... the volume of your
music? I am .................................. (try/study)!
.
48 ....... that dress is on sale, then I .................... ..
(buy) it.
49 I am ................................. (go/start) a new job
....... Monday.
50 We'd better hurry. Our bus ............ the airport
...................................... (leave) in 10 minutes!
51 Graham .......................... (help) his mother set
the table ............ they wait for dinner to cook.
52 My sister ........................ (promise) to help me
with my homework ................. she gets home.
53 We ...................................... (miss) the start of
the play .......................... we don't leave now!
106
54 I .............. ...................... (have) long hair wher
I was younger.
55 James phoned the police as ..............................
as he ........................... (realise) that his house
had been burgled.
56 The hotel ................................ (offer) a speci a
discount to anyone who .... ............................ ..
(book) online before next Tuesday.
.!
57 Scientists say that the Earth ............................ .
(heat) up because .................... ..... greenhouse
gases.
58 The ice that polar bears hunt from .................. .
(melt) very fast, which means that they have
to swim ............ (far) than before to find food.
59 If .................... we had brought a map with us.
Then we wouldn't be so ............ .. .................. .. .
(hopeless) lost!
60 The hiker ..................................... (feel/terrify)
when he came .................. a bear in the forest.
61 ............................ (If/have) more forethough t
I ...................... (will) have brought a flashligh
on the camping trip.
62 How long ................................... (your family!
live) in Portugal? Has it been longer .............. ..
two years?
63 The rescue team went to look ....... the missing
snowboarder and ............................ (discover)
that he was trapped in an avalanche .
64 Daniel .................................. (surprise) at ho'll
..................................... (noise) the traffic was .
65 If you look up, you .................................. (see)
stalactites have formed on the roof of the cave.
66 Due ............ global warming, the polar icecaps
.. ................................................ .. . (go) to melt.
/.
67 Because of deforestation, many animals are ....... (
danger of ................................ (become) extinct.
3 I'
68 Donna ............................... (decide/volunteer) t
at a shelter for ....................... (abandon) pets. (
69 Karen ........................... (live) next door to me,
but she ................ (move) out a few days ago.
70 Keep following the footpath and it .................
(lead) you to an ................. (amaze) waterfal l.
 ir whe n Choose the correct item.

Mum ..... you to your friend's house when you 15 I ..... of becom ing a nurse when I finish school.
have done the washing up. A am thinking B did thought C think
s house
A would take B will take 16 I'd love ..... another lang uage, but I don't have
C would have taken the time.
specia l
2 Beth ..... from Canada, but now she lives in Wales. A learn in g B to have learned
A is coming B comes C did come C to learn
3 It ..... that the world population will be 9 billion 17 I wish I ..... at home now, instead of waiting for
by 2050. the bus in the pouring rain.
nhouse
A is believed B has been believed A am B will be C was
C believes 18 My dad said being a video game tester was the
4 Jamie told us that he used to live next door to a ..... job he ever had.
~y have
famous celebrity, but he wouldn't say ..... it was. A better B best C far better
:l food .
A which B that C who 19 We ..... to Sarah's house when our car ran out
lith us.
5 When the temperature ..... below zero degrees, of petrol.
water freezes into ice. A drove B were driving
A is falling B fell C falls C had been driving
:errify)
6 Simon ..... politics at university at the moment. 20 Helen ..... be interested in books, but now she
forest.
A is studying B studied C has studied reads all the time.
ought, A didn't use to B was not used to
7 Daniel ..... a great time in New York last week.
shlight C didn't used to
A had B is having C has
8 My brother denied ..... the money.
21 The restaurant ..... last night, so David bought
amily/ us all a takeaway instead.
A having taken B to take C having took
A is closed B was closed
9 Sam ..... in the park when he saw some boys C had been closed
playing football .
lissing 22 I ..... to Britain before and nobody warned me
A was walking B walked C had walked
cover) about the wet weather.
10 We ..... to the cinema last night. A had never been
A have been B had gone C went B had never went
t how
: was. The glass ..... by Steve. C have never gone
A was breaking B was broken C broke 23 Michelle ..... all day, so by the time we saw her
(see)
! cave.
12 I ..... on the phone for an hour when she was quite tired.
remembered I was supposed to be at Julia's A worked B has been working
:ecaps
house. C had been working
melt.
A talked B had been talking 24 Jason asked us not to make too much noise last
C was talking night because he ..... upstairs.
(tinct.
13 If Peter had run faster, he ..... the race . A is studying B was studying
lteer) A would win B wouldn't have won C has been studying
pets. C would have won 25 Bill ..... junk food every day, but now he eats
o me, 14 Amy talks so ..... that I sometimes find it hard healthy food.
; ago. to hear what she's saying . A would eat B used to eat C eats
A much quiet B quietly C quiet
~rfall.

107
 26 The award .... . by the Mayor himself. 40 You .... . talk during the presentation, or you
A presented B was presented will be asked to leave.
C has presented A mustn't B don't have to C wouldn't
27 Both Sharon .... . Mark can drive. 41 The Queen ... .. arrive in a horse-drawn carriage .
A or Band C nor A expects to B is expecting to
28 We ..... around South America, but our plans C is expected to
fell through at the last minute. 42 My parents ..... us to stay inside until the storm
A were going to travel was over.
B were travelling A tells B told C said
C will be travelling 43 Alan ..... take his driving test three times
29 If you like spicy food, you ... .. try the new Indian before he passed.
restaurant on Main Street. A was able to B must C had to
A shall B shou ld C may 44 Neither Robert .. ... Jane were at the party last
30 Unless she trains every day this week, Cia ire night.
..... the match on Saturday. A nor Band C or
A will lose B will be losing 45 ..... I use your mobile phone to call my mother?
C will have lost A Should B May C Must
31 We can go out .... . I finish hanging the clothes 46 The manager ... .. to attend the meeting .
out to dry. A wasn't able B couldn't C shouldn't
A by the time B as soon as C just as
47 Paul and Frank aren't here, so they ..... have
32 You can't go to the party because we been invited.
dinner with your cousins tonight. A shouldn't B needn't C mustn't
A will have had B have C are having
48 I can't bel ieve Greg hasn't arrived .... .; it's not
33 Our flight ..... at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning . like him to be late.
A left B will leave Cleaves A already B since C yet
34 You ..... return your library book today or you 49 Alex admitted ..... his father's credit card to
will have to pay a fine. buy a new bike over the Internet.
A may B could C must A to use B to having used
35 Our car was fixed by the mechanic .. ... shop is C to have used
next to the supermarket. 50 Rachel .. ... the piano for two hours now.
A who's B whose C which A was playing B has been playing
36 Karen ..... play the violin when she was three. C had been playing
A should B could C would 51 Dad isn't home yet, so he .... . still be at work.
37 I ..... to fix this radio all morning, but it still won't A must B can C mustn't
work. 52 I think studying art will be ..... than studying
A tried B have been trying physics.
C am t rying A easiest B easier C too easy
38 Chris asked ..... I minded him using my laptop. 53 I ..... get in to the exhibition for free because
A that B whether C unless the artist is my best friend .
39 Experts say that this is the coldest winter on A can't B might C must
record, but it ... .. snowed yet.
A hasn't B hadn't C won't have

108
 11

or you

)uldn't
Irriage.

! storm

times

:0
·ty last

other?

Idn't
. have

n't • Vocabulary Revision

t's not • Listening Practice
• Reading Practice
ard to

vork.
n't
Jdyin g

asy
ecause
 Further Practice

Vocabulary
1 Choose the correct item.

1 My brother loves reading ..... stories, but I find 12 Banksy's graffiti art is sometimes considered .... .,
them too scary. but most people think it is very clever.
A thriller B horror C fantasy A offensive B illegal C rundown

2 Dust can ..... the nose and make a person sneeze. 13 Megan only works part-time because she has to
A stretch B irritate C vibrate .. ... her children.
A raise B regain C involve
3 Mrs. Smith insisted that £500 had been stolen
from her house, but the police said there was 14 Gavin asked me to help him write his job ..... .
no physical ..... of a break-in. A vacancy B application C interview
A evidence B analysis C trace
15 When he was camping, Nigel got ..... by
4 Lauren must be very ..... because her favourite mosquitoes.
hobby is speed skiing. A bitten B caught C stung
A organised B caring C brave
16 Our visit to the Haunted Castle was so .... . I ha
5 Emma packed a ..... in case night fell before she nightmares for a week.
got home. A frustrating B fascinating C terrifying
A rucksack B penknife C flashlight
17 Many of Bob Marley's songs are about racial ..... .
6 People today spend too much time on social ..... A incrimination B discrimination
sites and not enough time actually socialising. C revolution
A networking B contact C connection

7 There is going to be a ..... tomorrow against the

18 We packed supplies before we started our .. ...
through the forest.
; .
government's new policy about down loading A trail B hike C footpath
music.
19 Soldiers were often made into knights becaus ~
A boycott B ban C protest
of their .... . to the King.
8 Acid rain can dissolve ..... and other types of rock. A loyalty B bravery C cruelty --. -
A stalagmite B stalactite C limestone
20 Natalie wants a spoonful of honey to help he
9 People usually ..... when they're tired, but scientists sore .....
still aren't sure why. A lung B airway C throat --•
A sneeze B yawn C blush
21 My sister was .... . because kept asking
10 Computer hackers can ..... access to personal email questions while she was watching television.
accounts, private companies and even government A enthusiastic B annoyed C surprised
networks.
22 The guide told us it was a .... . cathedral, whicr
A gain B exploit C hack
meant it was over 600 years old .
11 A summer .... . at the bank could lead to a full- A medieval B historic C spooky
time job.
23 Maria needed help setting up her personal .. ...
A research B training C internship
on Facebook.
A interface B profile C trend

110
 Further Practice

24 Garlic is not a(n) ..... for a cold, but it will help 37 The roof of the cave was so low that sometimes
with the symptoms. we had to .. ," along the passage.
A remedy B cure C antiseptic A crawl B bounce C surround

ed .... ., 25 John is very ..... , which is why he pursued a 38 You might get a skin ..... if your mobile phone is
career as an artist. not clean ,
)wn A creative B patient C polite A infection B arthritis C strain

has to 26 The snake-bite on Faye's leg looked .... ., but the 39 Listening to music which is too loud can cause
doctor said it wasn't serious. hearing .....
le A poisonous B evil C nasty A restriction B swelling C loss

27 Shelley dyes her hair blue to ..... attention to 40 Penny wants a part-time job as a babysitter
'iew herself. because she loves to ..... small children.
A gather B achieve C attract A look after B put out C take up
... by
28 The weather in the mountains is so ..... that we 41 I think Paul gets ..... because he eats his food
took both waterproof coats and sunscreen with us. too fast.
A unpredictable B incredible C stunning A indigestion B insomnia C sickness
, I had
29 Sam really enjoys his work as a(n) ..... lifeguard, 42 Many people are afraid of bees because their
ing even though he doesn't get paid. .. .. . can be quite painful.
A volunteer B employee C interviewee A sting B bite C scratch
d ..... ,
30 Freedivers use ..... to help them see when they 43 The force of waves from the sea can ..... rock
are underwater. and create caves.
A goggles B flippers C wetsuit A dissolve B erode C harden
Jr .... .
31 Irene works as a ..... in the local supermarket. 44 Daniel put his camping equipment in a tidy .. .. .
th A customer B passenger C cashier on the floor.
A heap B pile C tip
cause 32 Singing loudly is one way to ..... bears.
A scare off B set off C go off 45 Max got ..... because he shouted at his boss.
A married B divorced C fired
33 Danielle has to .... . eye drops because her eyes
::> her get dry from working on a computer all day. 46 Sally found studying abroad completely ..... and
A take B put C use she quit her course and came home.
A rewarding B challenging
34 In summer, the temperature in the Antarctic is
C overwhelming
about ooe, but in winter it ..... to -40°C.
I her
n. A drops B rises C adapts 47 The wind was blowing such a ..... that lan could
~d
hardly stand up.
35 A firm ..... is considered to be a polite greeting
A blizzard B gale C hail
thich in Britain.
A handshake B hug C eye contact 48 Tony's ..... to the children's charity helped him
succeed in climbing the mountain.
36 Lady Gaga said that Johann Sebastian Bach is
A dedication B determination
I .. ... a(n) ..... for her music.
C demand
A inspiration B sensation C operation
49 Mike suffers from hay ..... in the springtime.
A fever B cough C flu

111
 Further Practice

50 Melanie has to wear sunscreen on the beach 55 Jasmine found it hard not to scratch her arrr
because she has ..... skin . because she had a(n) ..... rash.
A plump B pale C pierced A itchy B sore C smelly

51 My dad is nervous about making a speech at the 56 We discussed the .... . of a cyber terrorist hackins
wedding because he's quite ..... into air traffic control and what could happen .
A shy B outgoing C cheerful A scenario B disruption C scene

52 When you're under pressure, your body will ..... 57 The company is looking for someone who ca
adrenalin. ..... their own new ideas.
A release B increase C recall A improve B develop C operate

53 Tina was caught ..... make-up from the 58 The ..... all agreed that the man was guilty 0=
supermarket. arson .
A mugging B shoplifting A judge B defendant C jury
C pickpocketing
59 This organisation is trying to ... .. awareness 0=
54 The witness found it easy to ..... the burglar the importance of a good night's sleep.
from the photographs. A raise B gather C get
A analyse B examine C identify
60 Mark called the police to report the ..... of his ca
A burglary B robbery C theft

112
 Further Practice

ler ar
Listening
:Iy 1 o You will hear Jack talking about his job. Listen and mark the sentences
T (true) or F (false). Tick (.I) the correct box.
hackin g
ppen. TRUE FALSE
e 1 Jack works for a water park company.
2 He has travelled to the Costa Del Sol.
tho ca r
3 Jack used to work in an office.
4 He has to write a brochure. .
ate '------
5 Jack asks Adam to be his assistant.
uilty 0

ness of
2 o You are going to hear five people talking about visits to museums. Match the
speakers (1-5) to the statements (A-F). There is one extra statement.

A The speaker says you can see inside the museum without visiting it.
his car. B The speaker says it's best to make an early start to ensure you see it all.
( The speaker points out you don't have to pay to get in.
D The speaker mentions that with a special card you don't have to wait.
E The speaker announces that the museum will open a new location soon.
F The speaker feels there isn 't that much to see.

1 2 3 4 5

3 o You will hear a radio interview with someone talking about natural cleaning
products. For each question (1-5) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

1 Barbara White is a(n) 4 Lemon peel can be used to clean

A radio host. C housewife. A the microwave.
B TV presenter. D cleaner. B pans.
C kitchen cupboards .
2 The interviewer is surprised by the use of
D carpets.
vinegar as a
A bath cleaner. 5 To make a carpet smell fresh, Barbara
B kitchen counter cleaner. says to use
C window cleaner. A soda water.
D fabric softener. B baking soda.
C cornflour.
3 Barbara recommends toothpaste for
D vinegar and water.
cleaning
A brass. C stainless steel.
B copper. D silver.

113
 Reading
1 Read the text. For
each question choose
the right answer
A, 8, Cor D.

Katie and Peter were walking around a flea market looking for second-hand
furniture. They had just moved into a flat in the city and although they were both
working, neither of them earned much money and so they had very little spare
cash once their bills were paid.
Katie spotted a small bookcase with a price tag of £20. She thought it would be
great for her collection of romantic novels. She bought it and the old man behind
the stall gave her an old book as a gift. She thanked him even though she didn't
think she would read it as she didn't recognise the title, 'The Poor Man's Friend.'
They got back to their flat and put the bookcase in place, then Katie sat flicking
through the pages of the old book. Peter was looking in the kitchen cupboards
and making suggestions for what they could eat for dinner. "I wish we could
order a pizza," said Katie, but she knew it was a luxury they couldn't afford. They
always cooked cheap simple meals at home and they never ate out. Just then a
small piece of paper fell out of the book. She picked it up and saw that it was a
crumpled £20 note. "Wow! What good luck!" she said. They ordered a big pizza
with all the toppings and rented a DVD, too. They had a great night.
A few days later, when Katie was home alone ironing the clothes, the iron
suddenly stopped working. She knew they couldn't buy a new one until they got
paid at the end of the month. She felt anxious at the thought of going to work in
creased clothes. She sat down and let out a heavy sigh.
She glanced over and saw the old book on the shelf. 'Wouldn't it be great if there
was more money hidden in the pages of that book?' she thought to herself. She
picked the book up and shook it, not really expecting anything other than dust to
fall out, and to her amazement a folded banknote fell to the floor.

1 Why didn't Katie and Peter have much money? 3 Why did Katie want to order a pizza
A They had spent it all on second-hand furniture. A She couldn't cook.
B Their bills were high. B It was a cheap meal.
C They had just bought a new flat. C She wanted a treat.
D Their wages were low. D She didn't want to eat out.
2 Why did Katie take the book? 4 Katie was upset when the iron broke because
A She wanted to read it. A it was an expected expense.
3
B It was a present. B she was alone when it happened.
C She recognised the title. C she didn't want to look untidy at work.
D She didn't have any books. D she had just paid for a new one.
s
S In the story, the money falls out of the book when
A Katie is upset. C Katie wishes for it.
B Katie is hungry. D Katie and Peter are together.
114
 Further Practice
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

2 Read the text. Five sentences are missing. Match the :

sentences (A-F) to the gaps (1-5). There is one extra
sentence.

You've probably heard of hot places like the salt onto camels. [IIJ
California and New Delhi but have you ever In spite of the unbearable temperatures, Dallol
heard of Dallol in Ethiopia? Dallol is actually one was once inhabited. Up until the 1970s workers
of the hottest places in the world! Here the lived there in order to extract a mineral called
average yearly temperature is 34 degrees and potash from the ground. They built shelters out
the thermometer can reach up to 63°C in the of blocks of salt, worked hard and dealt with the
burning sun. It's no wonder nobody lives there! intense heat daily. However, the living conditions
Dallol is located in a desert area called the for the workers were extremely harsh. [!IJ In
Danakil Depression. Although it is in the middle of the end, all of them left and the only things that
the desert, Dallol is not full of sand as one might were left behind were abandoned cars and
imagine. In fact, it is incredibly beautiful! There dwellings.
are many red and green acid lakes, beautiful Today, an increasing number of tourists visit th is
multicoloured hot springs, yellow sulphur fields, hot and colourful land. They take groups CID
and numerous white salt beds. How is this there to observe the hot springs as well as the
possible? [ID The sulphur, salt and other active Erta Ale Volcano which shoots out hot lava
natural deposits found here give the place its in the air. Despite advising their travel groups
magnificent colour. about the weather conditions, many tourists are
Due to its location, Dallol is also hard to reach. shocked by the heat and the volcanic tremors felt
There are only rough roads leading there. [ID along the way. Even so, most will agree that a
They do this in order to collect table salt. They journey to Dallol is an absolute adventure!
cut out blocks of salt from the ground and load

use
A Many of them couldn't handle the job. E The locals to the surrounding region, the
B Dallol lies in a mineral-rich volcanic Afar people, travel there by camel.
crater. F It is then transported to the markets of
C Since Dallol is uninhabited, fixing and Ethiopia for sale.
maintaining the roads seems unnecessary.
len
D Tour operators organise excursions to the
area with off-road vehicles and camels.
her.
115
 Further Practice

3 Read the text. Five sentences are missing. Match the sentences (A-F) to the
gaps (1-5). There is one extra sentence.

Functional ~
Rubbish bins!
Art has never really been considered the most important or
useful of man's activities. In fact, the famous author Oscar Wilde
once wrote that 'all art is quite useless'. This, however, would not
seem to be how sculptor Ivan Mc Lean sees it. Ivan, who lives in
Portland, USA, has come up with a form of art that seems to be
considered quite practical in his town . ~ The simple yet fabulous
idea came from a friend who was recycling commercial signs from an
affluent beach resort area nearby.
[I[J This is because he uses an assortment of old signs of various sizes,
shapes and colours to make each trash can . The bins are in the shape of a
typical mailbox and are reflective at night. They have got rather large holes in
the sides for rubbish and holes at the top allowing people to easily dispose of
plastic and glass bottles for recycling. [1IJ It's a great
example of functional art.
The city of Portland is so happy with McLean's functional
art that they plan to place nineteen more along their busy
streets. []I] The city has promised to pay for them
out of community funds while the cost of maintaining
them will be about $8,000 to $9,000 a year and will
be covered by private donations from local business
people and residents. So, far from being useless,
McLean's functional art has resulted in more than
one positive for the city. It has brought the
community together, is helping to keep the
neighbourhoods clean and is making it
easier for people to recycle materials .
.. [[0 Now, the artist just hopes
that graffiti artists will respect
his creations.

A The bins will be bolted into the ground close to pedestrian crossings.
B Thanks to a small idea, life in the city is now a bit more pleasant.
C The question is whether it should really be considered art or not?
o He has created what is called a recycling-and-garbage receptacle, or simply bin, from old
street signs.
E Onlookers who witnessed the installation of his first bin couldn't help but admire his
creation.
F McLean's art is not only useful, but it brightens up the town as well.

116
S! 4 .

PlO
 ~iJfn"'H"
Vocabulary Grammar
A Choose the correct item .
c Choose the correct item.

1 Can you ...... .. this problem? 1 Usa would love ........ a job in a big advertisi n:
A answer B work C solve o get company.
A to get B get C getting
2 A freediver's lungs .. ...... in size on the way up
to the surface. 2 Ann is looking forward ........ work.
A double B shrink C breathe 0 hold A to starting B starting C start

3 Students often work part-time to ...... .. money. 3 Sam's job is .... .... than Lee's.
A have B win C take 0 earn A most tiring B tiring C more tirin g

4 A smokejumper .. ... ... out of an aeroplane into a 4 Amy's dad doesn't let her ........ out at night.
fire zone. A to go B going C go
A throws C goes
5 What ........ later?
B parachutes o leaves
A you do B you doing
5 Sara Campbell is a world ........ freediver. C are you doing
A winner C champion
6 Mike gets paid as .. ...... Paul.
B experience 0 leader
A much as B more than
6 Molly wants to up UFO hunting as a C much more
hobby.
7 Joe doesn't mind ........ late.
A pick B take C get o make
A to work B working C work
7 It's a lifeguard's ...... . to rescue people in danger
8 That music ........ good.
of drowning.
A sound B sounds C is sounding
A duty C training
B skill o knowledge 9 Maggie enjoys ........ to university.
A going B to go C go
8 Joe wants to .... .. .. for the managerial job.
A write C interview 10 Rory hopes ........ a summer job.
B apply 0 work A find B to find C finding

9 Jake is very ........ and likes to find out about

everything.
A curious '" C creative
o simple
Put the verbs in brackets into the present
or present continuous.
B enthusiastic o polite
1 ................................ .. .. .. ..................... (you/go)
10 Are there any job .. ..... . in the newspaper? to the party tonight?
A professions C experiences 2 How many hours ............................................ ..
B vacancies 0 interests (you/work) a week?
3 Judy ..................................................... (study)
at a university in Leeds now.
B Circle the correct item. 4 Adam ................... ... .............................. (hunt)
ghosts as a hobby.
1 Take a deep breath / dive.
5 Rachel ............................................... (save) up
2 Some students live on college / campus.
3 Firefighters carry / put out fires. for a new car these days.
4 Sue is a nurse. She works hours / shifts.
5 Part-time workers usually earn low cash / wages.

118
 Reading
Read the information about street luge. Match
the paragraphs (1-8) with the headings (A-I). One
ertisin g heading does not match.

ting
A NOT EASY TO STOP
B RULES & COMPETITIONS
C FAST EQUIPMENT
D PRESENT WINNERS
~ tirin g E FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
ght. F OUT OF CONTROL
G MANY NAMES
H ROOTS IN SKATEBOARDING
SAFETY FIRST

[IT] Street Luge is an extreme sport that is exciting and dangerous. People also call it road
luge or land luge. People do it as a serious sport and just for fun.
[[[J The sport comes from southern California from some skateboarders looking for a more
exciting way of riding . Lying down on the board makes it go faster and gives the rider a much
bigger thrill than skateboarding.
[ICJ Street luge riders lie down on their board at the top of a hill and they travel downhill. They
pick up speed along the way thanks to the power of gravity.
Ig
[!IJ Riders can steer by moving their bodyweight left or right and backwards or forwards.
There aren't any brakes on the board and the rider has to wear special shoes and drag their feet
mt along the road to slow down or stop quickly.
[iD The board is like a big skateboard, but it is wider and longer. It is steel or aluminium and it
can have up to eight wheels. The wheels are wide and thick to make the board stable. They make
u/go)
it safe and allow it to reach high speeds without turning over. Street luge boards travel at speeds
from 60-150 kmph .
[[[] As it is a dangerous sport, riders have to have special safety equipment. For example, they
have to wear a helmet, a one or two-piece leather suit and special footwear. They can also wear
tudy)
special clothing such as a speedsuit on top of their leather suit if they want as well as gloves.
[ID The governing body of the sport is the IGSA - the International Gravity Sports Association.
lunt)
It makes sure people follow the rules and organises national and international competitions, the
championships and the ran kings of the racers.
e) up
[ID The current IGSA World Cup Series Champion is Peter Eliot from the UK. However, this
year the top contender for the title is Russell Naude from South Africa.
 ~MW'H·H'"
Listening Listening
o You will hear an interview with an
F artist. o You will hear Phil talking about his
H hobby. A
For each question (1-5) choose the Listen and mark the sentences
correct answer A, B, Cor D. T (true) or F (false). Tick (1') the correct box.

1 Annie is an artist because True False

A her parents are creative people.
1 Phil has a number of different
B her parents are artists.
hobbies. 2
C she makes a lot of money. 2 He usually goes metal detecting
D she enjoys creating works of art. on his own.
3
2 The thing that influences her art the most is 3 He recommends buying an
A her character. C her sense of humour. expensive metal detector.
B the subject. D her mood.
4 Phil sometimes finds valuable
items.
3 The theme she is working with right now is 5 He suggests researching an area
A trees. B water. C plants. D flowers. before treasure hunting there.

4 Annie makes her sculptures 5

A in her studio. C using models.
B in 4-8 hours. D at night time. Writing
5 Annie's exhibition is at the Read the job advert below and write a 6
A city's art centre. C Melior Gallery. cover letter to apply for it (120-150 words) .
B community centre. D Harris Library. Include:

• opening remarks & reason for writing 7

Everyday English • current situation & reason for wanting the job
G Read the dialogue and fill in the missing • qualifications, personal qualities & experience
phrases. • when available for interview & closing remarks

• I can start immediately. 8

• Tell me a little about yourself.
• Here's a letter of recommendation. WANT£O 9
• Please have a seat.
• Why do you think you'll be a good waiter?
A: Good morni.ng. I'm Andy Peters.
B: Nice to meet you, Andy. 1) .............................. .. 10

A: Thank you.
B: So, Andy. 2) ..................................................... .
Student to work part-time waiting
A: Well, I'm 18, I'm a student and I'm looking for
a part-time job to help pay for university. tables Tues-Sat evenings in a busy
restaurant.
B
B: I see. 3) ........................................................... .
A: I'm hardworking, honest and good with Are you hardworking and honest?
people. I also have experience. 4) .................. .. Do you enjoy working with the public? 2

B: That's great. When can you start? Apply in writing to: Seahorse Restaurant, 3
A: 5) ................................ ................................... .. 12, Black Street, Weston-Super-Mare
B: Thank you. I'll be in touch. 4
A: Thank you very much.
120 ~--------------------~
 REVISION (Module 2)

Vocabulary
is A Choose the correct item. C Choose the correct item.
Thomas ........ seasick as the waves rocked the 1 When Ryan was young he ........ to go fishing.
:t box.
boat from side to side. A used Busing C use
False A experienced C felt 2 They ........ when they got a flat tyre.
B responded D revealed
A were driving B drove C had driven
2 Joe doesn't like mosquitoes .. .. .... him. 3 Did Ann ........ play the violin as a child?
A buzzing B puffing C stinging D biting
A use B use to C used
3 She .. .. .. .. her experience of working in the 4 They .. .. .. .. at un iversity when they met.
music business with her fans . A had been studying B were studying
A divided B shared C promoted D gave C had studied
4 They got .... .... in bad weather on holiday. 5 Mary checked her emails after she ........ her
A caught C gathered assignment.
B grabbed D blown A had finishe d B was finishing
5 Before the curtain ........ the actors took their C had bee n finishing
place on the stage. 6 At 7 o'clock yesterday Jane ........ on the Net.
A revealed B rose C showed D hung A surfed B was surfing C had surfed
6 They use lanterns for ........ at the Chinese opera. 7 They ........ to the t heatre last night.
lrds). A audiences C lighting A went B had gone C were going
B costumes D curtains
8 When Ryan was four he ......... his own music.
7 The singers performance grabbed the .. ...... of A was composing B composed
hejob the world. C had been com posing
rience A attraction C sensation
marks D connection 9 Tim ......... the wrong bus and ended up in a
B attention
remote village.
8 Google became a popular search ........ on the Net. A used to take B was taking C took
A version B engine C brainch ild D profile
10 They got lost in t he forest because they ........ . a
9 She was very artistic and could play the violi n compass with them.
by ......... A hadn't taken B hadn't been taking
A inspiration C talent C didn't use to take
Bear D image
11 What time ........ the concert start last night?
10 The street performer's voice .. .. .... for miles. A did B do C does
A stood B carried C started D fell
12 It began to ra in wh il e we ........ to the opera.
A were going B had gone C went

B Circle the correct item. 13 Jack .. ...... work as an usher at a theatre.

A uses B used to C use to
Mark Zuckerberg launched I calculated
14 We .... .... pictu res of the artefacts yesterday.
Facebook in 2004.
2 They raised money for their website from A used to take B were taking C took
foreign headquarters I investors. 15 He was afraid because he ...... .. a ghost.
3 The music industry expanded I inspired greatly A had been seei ng B was seeing
because of the Internet. C had seen
4 After perform ing live for t hree hours the singer
showed no signs I trend s of exh austion.
121
 ~iJ*nj['H'"
o
Reading
Read the text. For each
question choose the right
answer A, B, Cor D.
1 Andalusia is
A a country near Spain .
B a city in southern Spain .
C a large area of Spain.
D a region in northern Africa .
2 Flamenco's musical style
A comes from northern Spain.
B has its roots in north Africa .
C derives from a variety of
cultures.
D only shows influence from
gypsy music.
3 According to the writer,
flamenco is special because
A It doesn't involve many
people or instruments.
B it includes graceful arm
movements.
C the music comes from
clapping hands.
D there is usually
only one guitarist.
4 Flamenco singers
A usually also play the guitar.
B have soft voices.
C sing with passion.
.
D always dance.
5 You can watch a flamenco
performance
A on the streets of Andalusia.
B only if you buy a meal.
C in the company of locals.
D at outdoor music
concerts.
122
nS~eci~1 o~nc~
ndalusia, a region of Spain, is a must-se~ for a~yon~ pl~nning
E
A to visit the country. This part of Spain, which lies In the
southern part of the country, includes the cities of Seville, 1
Granada and Malaga. It has a rich cultural heritage with influences
from northern Africa. The beautiful architecture and the delicious
cuisine are sure to delight you. However, there is one experience
that visitors shouldn 't miss: watching a flamenco performance.
Flamenco is a musical form that started in Andalusia in the late 2
1700s. While its exact origins remain unclear, the musical style
has a mixture of influences from Moorish, Andalusian and
gypsy music. This form of music represents the
diversity of cultures that give Andalusia its
modern identity.
3
Perhaps the thing that makes flamenco so
enchanting lies in its simplicity. It only takes
two or three people to make this beautifu l
music and there are three main sounds
that characterise it: guitar, voice and
clapping hands. Flamenco singers 4 I
are famous for their deep and
strong voices that are full of
emotion. At times, the singer
also dances with graceful arm
movements and stomping feet. 5 J
Today, there are over twenty
different types of flamenco. Some
include more than one guitarist and
some have many dancers who whirl
around onstage in long ruffled dresses F
and high heels. There is also a great
variety of places to take in a
s
performance, from large venues
where you can have dinner and a
A
show to tiny neighbourhood
hangouts hidden in narrow
B
alleys. Regardless of the
type of flamenco you see
C
or where you decide to
watch it, you are sure to be
D
charmed by this
r
mysteriously powerful art
E I
form.
f
F I'
e
 .iJiVnH.H~
Listening Everyday English
o You will hear an interview with an
E opera G Choose the correct response.
singer. For each question (1-5) choose
nning 1 A: What did you do on Sunday?
the correct answer A, B, Cor D.
n the B: a I went to a music concert.
eville , Alfie Jones is currently performing at the b It was nothing special.
3nces A London Theatre .
B West End Theatre . 2 A: I tried calling you on Friday.
icious
C Queen's Theatre . B: a Sorry, I was out.
'ience
D Shaftesbury Theatre. b I had a good time .
:e.
elate 2 The performances 3 A: Did you enjoy the performance?
style A are mostly crowded. B: a Not really.
I and B are only in the evenings. b I don't believe it.
ts the C are only in the afternoons. 4 A: I stayed home and watched a film .
.ia its D stop in early October. B: a Did you enjoy it?
3 The story of Les Miserables b What's the problem?
co so
A takes place during the French Revolution .
takes 5 A: How was the pop concert?
B is about an ex-prisoner.
lutifu l B: a We had great seats!
C takes place in a prison.
lund s b That's right!
D is about Victor Hugo.
e and
6 A: Do you want to go for a run?
1gers 4 On Alfie's album you can hear
B: a I like it!
) and A lots of different singers.
b Of course!
full of B only songs from musicals.
;inger C a solo performance from Michael Ball. 7 A: What did you think of it?
I arm D different types of music. B: a That's good.
I feet. b It was fantastic.
5 Alfie needs time to
'Jenty A record an album. C rest his voice.
30me B recover from a cold. D practise for the show.
t and
whirl
o You are going to hear five people Writing
~sse s

great
talking about an evening out. Match the H Write a story about a scary experience you
speakers (1-5) to the statements (A-F). One had (120-200 words). Follow the plan
3 in a
sentence does not match. below:
!nues
ind a
hood
A I tried something new but I
didn't enjoy it.
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
(Plan )
mow B My evening was worthwhile Para 1: who the main characters were
)f th e Speaker 3 when and where the story took place
and memorable.
j see Speaker 4 what the weather was like
C I can't say my evening was
de to Speaker 5 Para 2: describe the events
anything special. Para 3: describe ending/feelings
to be
D It's an event you don't want to
{ thi s
miss.
ulart
E I had a lovely time with a
form .
friend with similar interests.
F It was a really affordable
even ing .
123
 ~iHm&jt'H __
Vocabulary Grammar
A Choose the correct item. C Choose the correct item.
1 When we burn fossil ..... ... we produce carbon 1 If it is windy, we ........ kitesurfing.
o
dioxide. A go B will go C would go
A exhausts B gases C powers 0 fuels 2 I wish I ...... .. my first aid kit on my campin g
2 Warm temperatures in the Arctic are causing trip.
the ice to .. .. .. ... A had brought B bring C brought
A happen B melt C drop 0 form 3 If I ........ you, I would go ice climbing.
3 He works at a ........ station in Antarctica. A am B had been C were
A research B youth C science 0 survey 4 I ........ sailing when I go on holiday next
4 Sea ..... ... are rising due to global warming . month.
A reserves B waves C levels 0 piles A am going B going C go
5 Paul took a .... .... course to learn how to live in 5 If they had brought a compass they ........ thei
the mountains. way.
A survival B marine C warrior 0 rescue A won't lose B wouldn't have lost
6 The hotel has a ........ offer on room rates for C wouldn't lose
the long weekend . 6 This tent fits four people. I ........ it.
en
A serious B special C typical 0 classic A am buying B buy C will buy of
7 He followed the ........ through the forest. 7 We will go sailing ...... .. it rains. CO~

A shore C hike A if B since C unless m,

B footpath 0 wilderness tr
8 If they ......... a fire, they wouldn't have kep·
8 There are a lot of .. ...... in Antarctica because of warm.
the cold temperatures. A didn't light B won't light C hadn't lit
A drizzles C heatwaves
9 If you ......... ice in water, it floats.
B floods o blizzards
A will drop B would drop C drop
9 Dinosaurs became a(n) .. .. .. .. species millions of
10 The train to London ......... at 9:00 am tomorrO\N
years ago.
A leaves B going to leave
A threatened C extinct
C is leaving
B natural o protective
11 James ......... to Nicaragua tonight.
10 The weather is becoming .. .. .. .. ; changing from
A flies B going to fly C is flying
day to day.
A rocky C breathtaking 12 I promise I ........ a life jacket when I go rive
B unpredictable o mild bugging.
A am wearing B will wear C wear

B Circle the correct item. 13 Paul ......... up for a sailing course this summer.
A is going to sign B signing C signs
1 Animals that live in Antarctica must adapt /
14 I wish I ....... . more friends who liked extremf
alter to extreme temperatures.
sports.
2 They lost / missed their way in the forest. B 1
A have B had had Chad
3 The rescue team noticed / spotted the survivors. r
4 Some animals are in great threat / danger from 15 Phillip ........ paintballing in the forest C
global warming . weekend. o
5 We admired the natural/stunning view of the A went B is going C goes
bay.
124
 Reading
D Read the text. Five sentences are missing.
There is one extra sentence.
Id go
mpin g

Ight

Deep in a valley bordering J::::':"- :: :- ~

east and Israel to the west is the Dec: 5~" : -:: ::: _
most spectacula r natural features in the wo r c .. ,:- :~ ~~,..:::=:: ~-:
shores located at 423 m below sea level, it IS :'1E \'.C':5 . :;.'.:::~: ~-_
ITIJ
elevation . The Dead Sea is also one of the worlds saltiest 00: E5 c: .·.C~:::
and, with a maximum depth of 377 m, is the deepest landlocked sa l lakE - :-:: : ~
. their Rainfall is scarce in the area and the amount of water that evaporates from the Sure::: :- - =
sea is greater that the amount that flows into it. This maintains the high salt content 0: :-E c::::
lost and the rocks lining its shores are covered in shiny white salt crystals giving them a whlt's- ~-: . -
covered appearance.
[lIJ This is due to the high concentration of salt in the water, which makes it a very hOs: : :
environment for fish and aquatic plants. People, however, have been coming to the Dead Sea for thousa-c5
buy of years. In ancient times, the lake and its shores supplied a variety of natural products including fertilisers ,
cosmetics and even balms for Egyptia n mummification . Its water also contains up to 35 minerals such as
5S magnesium, calcium and potassium that can be used for health and beauty purposes. In fact, it was known
throughout the Mediterranean and the Midd le East for its healing properties. [IIJ
kep Today, people still come to th e Dead Sea in the hope of relieving pain caused by conditions such as
arthritis and rheumatism or simply to relax and nourish their skin in its unique waters. And because
I't lit the salt content is four times that of most of the world's oceans, you can float in the Dead Sea
without even trying, which makes swimm ing here a truly relaxing experience. [I[J The
area has become both a tourist attraction and a major centre for health research and
many pharmaceutical companies have been set up there. It also supplies
Irrow neighbouring countries with a range of natural resources. [I[J
Scientists say that the water level is decreasing by almost a metre
per year and if something isn't done, this natural
treasure could be lost.

ing
rive

mer.
gns
As its name suggests the Dead Sea doesn't In fact, this is the only place in the world
have much life. where you can lie down on the water and read
B The high salt content also gives the water a book.
healing properties. F It's not surprising then that as early as the first
th is C But this is not its only claim to fam e. century BCE it was a health resort.
D Unfo.rtLnately, and in larg e part due to human
)es activity, the Dead Sea has been shrinking.
 Listening Everyday English

E aoquad
You are going to hear an interview with
racer. For each question (1 -5) choose
G Choose the correct response. A
1 A: How can I help you?
the best answer (A, B or C) .
B: a We have a room on the first floor.
1 How did Max start quad racing? b I'd like to book a room, please.
2
A He began racing with his cousins .
2 A: Do you want a double or a single room?
B He got a quad for his birthday.
B: a A single room, please.
C A friend introduced him to it.
b That sounds good.
D His dad wanted him to try it. 3
3 A: How much is it per night?
2 Max prefers quad racing to dirt bike racing
B: a It's £85 .
because
b It's 18th June. 4
A he can jump higher on a quad.
B he has better control on a quad . 4 A: Does that include breakfast?
C quads are faster. B: a Great.
D quads are safer. b Yes, it does. 5
3 According to Max, he is good at 5 A: Can I book it then, please?
A jumping with his quad. B: a Certainly!
B steering his quad . b 5th May, for two nights! 6
C reaching top speeds.
D driving in difficult areas.
Writing
4 After Max's accident, H Read the advert and write an email asking 7
for more information (120-150 words) .
A it took him a yea r to return to racing.
Include:
B his mother wouldn't allow him to race again.
C he was afraid to race for a while . • opening comments & reason for writing 8
D he needed two months to recover. • your questions (when it is, the cost, the
number of people in each group, the type
5 What does Max suggest to those who want to
of accommodation)
start quad racing?
A Buy a quad and start driving. • you r closing comments 9
B Go to watch races to see if you like it.
C Join a race club and try it. Would you like to learn 10
D Take quad class and start learning .

o Listen to an interview with a geologist. 1III"'IIfIItI". ice climb?

F Listen and mark the. sentences T (true) or
F(false). Tick (.I) the correct box. True False Join us B1
1 Miners were looking for crystals for a fun weekend!
when they found the cave. 2
2 The first scientists encountered • Teaching in small
problems when they explored the groups. 3
cave. • Equipment on hire 4
3 Explorers had to wear special • Accommodation 5
equipment. provided
4 There were beautiful flowers in
the cave.
5 The future of the cave is uncertain.
126
 Vocabulary Gramma
A Choose the correct word.
( Choos e t"'e ~: ;; ::~ r.

1 John has got a painful mouth ........ . Lyn ....... gc:. ;:.:, :-:.-.::,: ~: :~1 ~~ : ':: ~ .-- : ~ --

A ache B cut C ulcer D rash A mu stn: 1= ,- _.,=..;:.- - '-,=L ~

C should- -
2 You can't ........ if you don't get enough sleep .
? A swallow C neutralise 2 Bob ....... . V\or" a::: ::::~-r .-,:: .,:-- ~:: __
B distinguish D concentrate A can B
3 Garlic is good for our ........ system. 3 Mia, ... . " .. li ves next 00':::;;, : ~ :::tL :::~
A immune C natural A whose B \'Jr.E~E
B stomach D hearing
4 One day doctors may find the ........ for a cold.
4 The reason ... "." I exerC 'SE -- -
A which B why , --
A medicine C remedy
B cure D anti-venin 5 ........ Peter and Paul are afraio ~ - ~- ~- - -
A Neither B Either C ~- - -
5 The platypus has a poisonous ........ on its back
legs. 6 You ........ buy an MP3 player. They're <;rE=:
A sting B needle C spike D bite A must B should C has l::l
6 Maggie gets ........ sickness when she is on a 7 You ........ put some honey in a glass 0' : .. ar
boat. milk for a sore throat.
A stomach B travel C dizzy D stress A might B can C may
ing 7 We all have ........ remedies in our kitchen 8 ... .. ... Tim nor Ryan is afraid of snakes,
cupboards. A Neither B Either C Both
A cure B plaster Crash D home
9 You ........ exercise regularly; it's good for you .
g 8 You should put some ........ cream on an insect
A should B must C might
e bite.
ype A indigestion C infection 10 Kate is the girl ........ dad is a surgeon.
B antiseptic D medical A who B which C whose

9 MP3 players can lead to hearing ......... 11 Harry ........ walk when he was 10 months old.
A volume B arthritis C 1055 D pain A could B should C had to

I 10 The roads get ........ when it rains.

A blurred C confined
12 This is the gym ........ I exercise regularly.
A where B which C when
17 B constricted D slippery
13 You ........ buy milk. We've got lots.
A mustn't B don't have to
Circle the correct item.

it
B1 Pat is taking a self remedy I defence class.
C shouldn't

14 Ann didn't come to the party because she ........

2 You should put some cream on that itchy cough I
work late.
rash.
A had to B must C should
3 Curry gives me an upset stomach I sickness .
e 4 Dan feels nervous in tense I confined spaces. 15 He ........ to climb up the tall building yesterday.
5 Too much time in front of a screen can lead to A was able B should C could
constricted I blurred vision .

127
 Reading
Read the information abo ut
0 stress. Match the sentences
A-F to the correct gaps (1-5).
One sentence does not match.
A Change your attitude.
B But these activities are harm ful.
C Then, when you feel stress
handle it properly.
0 You can't avoid some sources of
stress.
E Call a friend and have a nice
chat.
F Finally, have a look at your
schedule.
128
E
Stress is part of modern life, but the trick in coping with it is to 1
reduce its negative effects. Stress doesn't become a problem
when we manage it well. The first step to doing this is to
recognise where the stress is in your life. ITIJ
So, what does stress feel like? Here's a simple test. Ask
yourself these questions: Do you always feel that you have a 2
million things going on? Do you think that you are a person
with a lot of nervous energy? Do you blame certain situations
or other people when you feel frustrated? Your answers will
reveal all.
You don't need to put your hand in the fire to know it's hot, 3
right? So stay away from stressful situations. Here's an
example: Let's say traffic and shopping make you stressed.
Then all you have to do is change your route or means of
transport and do your shopping online. Simple, isn't it? In the
same way, if you don't like talking about certain topics because
4
they make you feel stressed then don't get pulled into these
kinds of conversations. []I] Decide on which things you can
drop from your 'to do' list so you can avoid feeling like you
have too much on your plate.
a:o Being positive can take the stress out of many
5
situations. Next time you're stuck in a traffic jam, don't think of
it as your worst nightmare. Instead, think of it as a chance to
listen to your favourite radio station or plan your evening's
activities. It's a simple fact of life that there are some things
you can't change. But don't forget, even though you can't
control other people's behaviour, you can control how you
react to it.
A word of warning to the wise - don't get into bad habits to
cope with stress. It may seem like a good idea to relax by
F
eating lots of your favourite foods, spending a lot of time
online, lying in bed, or sitting in front of the TV. [!IJ Over
time you will see how too much of a good thing can be bad for
A
you.
B
So, next time you feel stressed out try something different. Go C
for a walk and enjoy nature. [[D Better still, do something o
physical like gardening or working out at the gym. Playing with
a pet is also a great way to relax as is reading a book, listening E
to relaxing music, or watChing a funny film. Just keep this in F
mind - a healthy lifestyle with a varied diet, regular exercise
and enough sleep can help you handle anything.
E
 Listening Everyday English
o You will hear about a person's health. In
E each G Read the dialogue and fill in the missing

"
question, choose the correct answer phrases.
III
by circling the letter A, 8, Cor D.
• I'll write you a prescription.
1 Which is true about Michael J Fox? • What should I do?
A He started out in politics. • Only if it gets worse.
)
B He started acting as a child. • What seems to be the problem?
C He works only as an actor. • it's really painful.
D He comes from a famous family.
A: Hello. Please come in and have a seat.
3. 2 When he learnt about his disease, Michael
B: Thank you.
A told people about it straight away.
A: Now, then. 1) ......... ........... ... ..... .... ..... .... .... ... ..... .
3 B displayed a change in behaviour.
B: It's my eye. I got something in it a few days ago
C was very shocked .
and now 2) ......................... .... ... ... ...... ..... ... ... ... .. .
D gave up acting.
A: OK. Let's take a look. Hmm ... yes, it's very red .
3 He set up the Michael J Fox Foundation because I'm afraid it's infected.
1 A there isn't a cure for the disease. B: Oh no! 3) ............... ..... .. .. ....... ..............................
B he wanted to invest his money. A: You should use some eye drops twice a day for
C he wanted to find cures for serious diseases. three days. 4) ....... ..... .... ......................................
; D he wanted to raise 250 million dollars. B: Thank you. Should I come and see you again?
;
4 At present, Michael A: 5) ............ .. .. ........... .. ....... ....................... .. ........ ....
;
A isn't involved in any acting projects. B: OK. Thanks.
1
B isn't very popular as an actor.
C works only with the foundation. Writing
{
D is a very successful writer. H Read the rubric, match the suggestions to
5 According to Debi Brooks, Michael the results and write an essay (150-200
f
)
A feels there is no need for concern over his words) making suggestions. Remember to:
3
health.
• state the problem
3 B doesn't want to hear from well-wishers.
• present the suggestions & results/
C rarely makes public appearances.
consequences in separate paragraphs
D talks about his health only on certain
• summarise your opinion
occasions.
I.---------------------~
) o You are going to hear five people
F talking
Your English teacher has asked you to write I
: an article suggesting ways for new students :
{ about their phobias. Match the
I to make friends. Write your essay. I
; speakers (1-5) to the statements (A-F). One ._-------------------_.
does not match. ITIJ Take up a sport/join a club,
A The speaker has a fear of insects. [I[J Have a party and invite everyone,
B The speaker is still afraid of dogs. [I[J Have a friendly/positive attitude.
) C The speaker tries to control their phobia.
a You can meet people in a relaxed social
~
D The speaker understands that their fear is
atmosphere.
unreasonable.
b An attractive personality can make people
E The speaker has completely overcome their fear.
interested in getting to know you.
F The speaker is afraid of dark and closed spaces.
; c You will meet people who share the same
1 2 3 4 5 interests.

129
 ~ijrnjt·H'"
Vocabulary Grammar
A Choose the correct word. c Circle the correct item.
c
1 lan is staying with a ... .. ... family in Italy. 1 Liz ........ be at home. Her car isn't in the driveway.
A typical C social A can't B must C might
B contact D host 2 After ........ for two hours, he felt better.
2 Ann had .. ...... surgery after the accident. A to have slept B slept
A muscle B plastic C special D scar C having slept
3 My sister ........ when she is embarrassed. 3 Steven ........ this car for years .
A yawns C blushes A has had B was having
B sneezes D coughs C has been having
4 Sam never ........ her temper. 4 Pete ........ be at work . He's not at home.
A loses B gives C misses D stays A may B can't C must
5 You shouldn't .. ...... about other people. 5 Paul hopes ........ abroad this year.
A embarrass C irritate A to move B move C moving
B gossip D obsess 6 Brian can't stand .. .. .. ...
6 Jeff is a bit ........ . He should go on a diet. A garden B gardening C to garden
A th in C overweight 7 Sara denied ........ the last piece of cake.
B well-built D middle-aged
A to take B take C taking
7 Wendy is always .. ...... and smiling.
8 I'm not sure, but Max ........ be Indian.
A annoying C cheerful A might B can't C must
B popular D generous
9 The weather was hot enough .........
8 You should ........ alert when you're driving at A sunbathing B to sunbathe C sunbathe
night. 4
10 Tom seems ........ himself at the wedding
A keep B stay C take D make
reception.
9 His heart ........ when he saw the boat leaving . B enjoying
A to enjoy
A moved B fell C lost D sank C to be enjoying
10 .. ...... etiquette is rules of behaviour. 11 Fay ...... .. English for six years now.
A Social C Foreign A has learnt B was learning
B Culture D Family 5
C has been learning
12 They ........ the party an hour ago.
A have left B left
B1 Circle the correct item.

Simon took / held a deep breath and dived

C have been leaving
13 The tea was too hot .........
into the water.
A to drink B drink C drinking
2 Kim works hard to take / reach her goals.
3 Max is tired of the hustle and buzz / bustle of 14 It ........ since this morning.
the big city. A has rained Brained
4 Eva hopped / leaped at the chance to go on C has been raining
holiday. 15 Emily ........ a scholarship to a top university last
5 Tom deals / struggles with customers in his year.
job. A has been winning B won
C has won

130
 )::'

Reading One glamorous cat lady!

Read the information about a
D conservationist. For each
W question 1-5, choose the
correct answer A, B, C or D.

1 Tippi first worked

A for a diet drink company.
B as a fashion model.
C in commercials.
D as a film actress.
2 Tippi's film The Birds
A was very popular.
B was unsuccessful.
C got bad reviews.
D never appeared at the cinema.
3 Tippi decided to set up Shambala
A after she made a film about
animal cruelty.
B after she ended her film
career.
C as she was very concerned for
the welfare of exotic animals.
D to include it in a feature film.
4 The majority of animals at
Shambala come from
A roadside zoos.
B circus shows.
C animal shelters.
D ordinary people.
5 The main purpose of Tippi's
Foundation is
A to get people to donate
money.
B to inform people about the
risks of owning wild animals.
C to encourage people to adopt
an animal.
D to take people on safari visits .
ast
uring the 1960's, Tippi Hedren became one of the most famous stars in
Hollywood. Her success may not have been immediate but it was certainly
big. Tippi began her career as a fashion model. This led her to appear in some TV
advertisements, including a fateful appearance in an advert for a diet drink.
World famous director Alfred Hitchcock spotted Tippi in the advert; Tippi's good
looks, elegant style and confident manner impressed him and he picked her to
star in one of his most famous films The Birds. When the film came out Tippi was
a hit with the public and the critics. But nobody could have guessed that Tippi
would soon make a commitment that would take her life in a completely new
direction.
In 1972, Tippi was finishing a film made on location in Africa when she learnt
that the big cats featured in the film had nowhere to go. The situation distressed
Tippi and she desperately wanted to help these animals. Tippi decided to take
time out from the glamourous world of film-making in order to set up an eighty
acre wildlife habitat called Shambala for retired and unwanted big cats at the
edge of the Mojave Desert, 64 kilometres northeast of Los Angeles, California.
Shambala is not just a temporary shelter; the sanctuary provides a home for over
70 big cats including lions, tigers, cougars, black and spotted leopards, panthers,
bobcats and a jungle cat. Some of the rescued cats had suffered neglect and
mistreatment in roadside zoos and circus shows; but most came from the homes
of private citizens who realised they had purchased an animal they couldn't
handle.
Tippi also set up the ROAR foundation which primarily aims to educate the public
about the dangers of private ownership of exotic animals. The foundation raises
much needed funds for Shambala so that it can remain a place where big cats
can live out their days in dignity. The public are able to enjoy occasional safari
visits to Shambala and can even 'adopt a wild one', which they can visit at the
reserve a few times each year. Tippi hopes that one day sanctuaries like
Shambala won't be necessary but for now her work to protect these beautiful
creatures ooes on.

131
 ~;J MU;jt.U IIIJD
Listening Everyday English
o You will hear an interview about a
E student G Choose the correct response.
who studied abroad. Listen and
choose the correct answer A, 8 ,e or D. 1 A: Hi, I'm Robert Evans.
B: a That's fine.
1 Which is true about Jeff? b Pleased to meet you .
A He lacked independence.
B He decided to leave home permanently. 2 A: You're welcome and sorry again.
C He wanted to experience new things. B: a Don't worry about it.
D He refused to listen to his brother. b That would be great.

2 Jeff's chose to study in Germany because 3 A: What can I do for you?

A it pleased his father. B: a I understand .
B he wanted to learn German. b I'm afraid I have a complaint.
C he could speak German very well. 4 A: I can't study with so much noise.
D he could apply the classes to his degree. B: a I've just moved in .
3 Jeff's favourite thing about his trip was b I didn't know it was a problem.
A giving people directions. 5 A: I'll make sure it won't happen again.
B going to German restaurants. B: a I'd appreciate that. b Not at all.
C getting to know the city well.
6 A: Can I talk to you for a minute?
D his bond with the community.
B: a Sure. b Excuse me.
4 Jeff encountered a problem travelling because
A he had never flown before. Writing
B
C
the airline had delayed his flight.
he missed his train.
H Read the rubric, match the arguments to
the justifications and write a for-and-
D he was too stressed to travel.
against essay (150-200 words). (

5 How did Jeff feel about his living arrangements? Remember to:
A He wished he had his own flat. • introduce the topic
B He felt bad about his host family. • present the arguments for & against the topic 10
C He regretted living in a noisy city. &their examples/justifications in separate
D He was grateful to his host for her help. paragraphs
• summarise the topic & express your opinion

Ip---------------------~
o You will hear about five people who
F have
Your English teacher has asked you to write I
made changes in their lives. Match the : an essay discussing the points for and against :
I starting your own business. I
B1
speakers (1-5) to the sentences (A-F). There
is one extra heading. .---------------------~
Arguments 2
UIJ You can have the freedom to make the rules .
A A fresh start in a new country. Speaker 1
I1IJ It can be risky. 3
B A different life being your Speaker 2 [I[J It can be enjoyable.
own boss. 4
Speaker 3 Justifications
C A place of my own. 5
Speaker 4 a You can make a living from doing something
D A new opportunity in the
Speaker 5 you like doing .
workforce.
b You choose the name, location, working hours,
E An easier life without the 9-5
etc.
routine.
c You invest your money and you are responsible
F Bigger and better than before.
for your own income and emp loym ent.
132
 REVISION (Module 6)

Vocabulary
A Choose the correct word. C Choose the correct item.
1 Mark was a victim of identity ......... 1 The thief ...... to have left the country.
A stealing C theft A think B thought C is thought
B robbery D taking
2 A statue ...... stolen from the museum last week.
2 Pam's ........ drive has 2 GB of storage.
A was B is C has been
A defence B hard C soft D back
3 I joined Amnesty International to help fight for 3 She wasn't ........ to go to the rally.
........ rights. A allowed B let Callow
A human C segregation
4 Bill installed the lock .........
B nation D public
A myself B itself C himself
4 Hackers break into ...... systems all the time.
A traffic C computer SNick ........ his car alarm repaired now.
B forensic D court A is having B had C has
S He was called to do ...... service. 6 The art gallery ........ opened next month.
A law B crime C court D jury A is B was C will be
6 Forensic scientists examine .......
A methods C crimes 7 Sam ........ that she had been mugged.
B evidence D suspects A said B told C asked
7 Lee hired a ...... detective to find her brother. 8 Tom ........ Lisa where she had been.
A prison C private A said Basked C told
B store D security
8 John was a witness to a(n) ...... robbery. 9 They caught the robber .........
A armed C hacking A yourselves B themselves C ourselves
B dramatic D illegal 10 He ........ his car broken into last night.
9 The man was arrested for dangerous ....... A has B had C was having
A mugging C speeding
B breaking D driving
c 10 There will be a ...... against tax increases on
Friday at 5 pm in the city centre. D Use the verbs in brackets to report the
A boycott C protest sentences.
B revolution D fight 1 "You stole my handbag", she said. (ACCUSED)
•I
B Circle the correct item. 2 "Don't forget to lock the door", Paul told me.
(REMINDED)
1 Hackers try to access online systems I accounts .
• 2 Max tries to raise I inform support for
3 "Let's call the police", he said. (SUGGESTED)
Amnesty International.
3 Take care when you open I set an email
4 "Stop or I' 11 shoot", said the policeman.
attachment.
(THREATENED)
4 Fay is stuck in a road I traffic jam.
S Planting flowers can brighten I colour up a city
S "I didn't rob the bank", he said. (DENIED)
centre.

133
 Reading
Read the text about how criminals can steal
E our identity. Match the headings (A-F) to
the paragraphs 1-5. One heading is extra.
A Be careful with cameras
B Know your wallet
C Easy to ruin your life
D Always check your card
E Work on this
F Be alert
ITIJ Identity theft and credit card fraud can
seriously wreck your life. Everyone thinks it will
never happen to them . But criminals have got really
good at it. In many cases, you don't know it has
happened until it's too late and someone has run
up a huge debt in your name. Here's some advice
to avoid some of the sneaky ways that people can
steal your identity without you even knowing!
[ID Do you just pop your credit or debit card
back into your wallet after paying for something?
You probably check the receipt, but chances are
you hardly ever check the card. One man paid his
restaurant b'll and just happened to glance at his
credit card. He was surprised to see it wasn't his
and it had expired. What shocked him even more,
though, was that when he told the waitress, she
simply said "Sorry about that." She waved the
card at the cashier who took out the real card and
handed it over without saying a word.
[ICJ You may think you know what's in your
wallet, but do you? One man went to the gym and
put his wallet in his locker. When he returned it
was unlocked. He checked his wallet and
everything looked okay so he simply thought he
must have forgotten to lock it. His next credit card
F
2
bill was £1 O,OOO! He checked his wallet and what
looked like his credit card was actually an expired
card from the same bank. The thief had swapped 4
it for his at the gym. As he hadn't reported his
card stolen, he had to pay the huge bill.
[![] Even if you're standing right in front of the
cashier while you are paying and you don't take
5
your eyes off your card, you can still be tricked. A
customer was paying with a debit card at a
takeaway restaurant. The cashier swiped the card
and put it on the counter in front of him while
waiting for the payment to be processed. Then
she took out her mobile phone and started
pressing the buttons like she was making a call.
Then the customer heard a noise like a digital G
camera. The cashier gave the customer his card
back and he was on his way home when he
suddenly realised that she must have taken a
photo of his card with her phone. He im mediately 1
cancelled it and called the police.
2
[}I] So, next time you or someone you 're with 3
is using a credit card be extra careful . Be aware of
everyone around you and what they're do ing. You 4
never know when a thief is waiting to steal your
identity. Don 't let it happen to you ! 5
~
Listening
F inotheYoucommunity.
will hear an interview about crime
For each question (1-S)
choose the correct answer A, B, Cor D.
1 In Grahams' town two years ago
A there were no young families.
B there was little crime.
C the streets were safe.
D there were a lot of problems.
2 Graham decided to take action when
A muggings started happening .
B shoplifting became a problem.
C drivers were speeding .
D local businesses were affected .
3 The community action group
A had a lot of members from the start.
B grew larger once it became well-known .
C caused a lot of concern .
D didn't get much pUblicity.
4 The speeding problem was solved
A despite the council's unwillingness.
B by making unreasonable demands.
C with a few different solutions.
D after a long delay.
5 The vandalism problem
A was easy to solve .
B was solved unexpectedly.
C was solved by a neighbourhood watch
scheme.
D stopped when the vandals were caught.
G 0 You will hear an interview with Dan, a
computer security consultant. Listen and
mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
Tick (I') the correct box.
True I False
1 Dan started hacking because he
wanted to break the law.
2 He works unusual hours.
3 He understands why criminal
hackers do what they do.
4 He is searching for other ways to
earn more money.
5 Most people want to know about
his work.
lijVUH'H~
Everyday English
H Read the dialogue and fill in the missing
phrases.
• Can you describe the man ?
• Can I take your add ress and telephone
number, please?
• What happened next?
• What exactly did you see?
• No, I don't think so .
A: OK, Mr Brennan . 1) .. .. .. ...... .... .. .. .. ........ .. .......... .. .
B: I saw a man in a mask runn ing away from the bank.
A: 2) ........ .... ......... .... .. .. .. ................... .. ... .. ......... .. .. ...
B: He was tall and slim and he was weari ng jeans and
a black jacket. He was carrying a black bag.
A: 3) .... ..................................... ................. .... .. ..... ... .
B: He ran down the street and around the corner.
A: Ok. Is there anything else you can tell me about
the incident?
B: 4) .................. .... .......... .. .. .. ..... ...... ...... .. .. ...... ...... ..
A: OK. 5) ........................ .. .... .... .. ............ .... .... .. ...... ..
B: Of course. It's 7 Green Road and my phone
number is 701514.
A: Thank you very much .
B: You're welcome.
Writing
Read the rubric, match the suggestions to
the results and write a letter making
suggestions. Include:
• reason for writing & your opinion
• your suggestions & their results
• your summary/restatement of opinion
Ir---------------------~
You read an article in Tuesday's newspaper about I
: an increase in pickpocketing on public transport :
I in your area. Write a letter to the editor making I
: suggestions about what the police can do to :
I improve the situation (150-200 words). I
._-------------------_.
Suggestions
ITIJ Put up warning posters on buses and trains .
[ID Have police officers at train anq bus stations.
Results
a Pickpockets can be arrested on the spot and
have less chance of escaping .
b Peop le will become aware of the problem and
be more alert when travelling .
 Irregula
Infinitive Past Past Participle Infinitive Past I '" . li e

be Ibi:1 was IWQzl been Ibml Il lead Ili:dl led II ~dl led ~ fid
bea r Ibearl bore Ib'1il born(e) Ib:);'nl learn 113:rnl learnt (learned) 11:>:'nt learn t (lea rned
beat Ibi:t! beat Ibi:t! beaten Ibtt'nl (1:r'nd)1 (1:r'nd)1
become IbIkAml became IbIk§ml become IbIk6ml leave Ili:vl left Ilfiftl left II~ftl
beg in IbIgml began IbI@ln/ begun IbIg6nl lend I len dl lent Ilfint! lent II~nt!
bi t e Ibmt! bit IbIt! bitten IbIt'nl let I letl let II~tI let 11~t!
bl ow Iblool blew Ibl!!;1 blown Ib lQQnl li ght Ilaltl lit lilt! lit lilt!
oreak IbreIkl broke IbrQQkl broken IbrQQkanl lose Il u:zl lost IIQst! lost IIQst!
or ing IbnTJI brought Ibrzt! brought Ibrzt!
ouil d IbIldl built IbIIt! builtlbIIt! Il make Imelkl made Im§dl made Im§dl
Durn Ib3:rnl burn t (burned) Ib:>:'nt burnt (burned) Ib:r'nt (b:>:'nd)1 mean Imm l meant Im~nt! m eant Im~nt!
(b:r'nd)1 meet I ml:t1 met Im~tI met Im~tI
:lu rst Ib3:rSt!
JU y IbaII
Iburst Ib:>:'st!
bought Ibzt!
burst Ib:>:'st!
bought Ibzt! pay I pell paid IpeIdl paid IP~I dl
put I potl put IpQt! put IpQt!
:an Ikaenl cou ld Ikodl (been able to) IbIn §b'l tal
:at ch IkaetJI caught Iko;t! caught Ikzt! read Ir i:d l read Iredl read Ir~dl
.:hoose ItJu:zl chose ItJQQzl chose n ItJQQz'nl ride lrald l rode IrQQdl ridden Ind'nl
: om e IkAml came Ik§ml come Ik6ml rin g I n1)1 ra ng I@TJ/ rung Ir6TJI
:ost Ikost! cost IkQst! cost IkQst! rise /ralzl rose IrQQzl risen Inz'nl
:ut !kAt! cut Ik6t! cut Ik6t1 run IrAnl ran IrilCnl run Ir6nl

:J eal /di:11 dealt Id~lt! dealt Id~lt! say Isell sa id Is~dl said Is~dl
dig IdI gl dug Id691 dug Id691 see Isi:! saw IsQ;/ seen Istnl
do Idu:l did IdIdl done Id6nl se ll Ise ll sold ISQQldl sold ISQQld l
raw Idro:1 drew Idr!!;1 drawn Idrznl send Isendl sent Is~nt! sent Is~nt!
drea m Idri:ml dreamt (dreamed) Id r~mt dreamt (dreamed) Id r~m t set Is etl set Is~t! set Is~tI
(dr,md)1 (drtmd)1 sew Isool sewed ISQQdl sewn ISQQnl
:J ri nk IdnTJkl I drank IdrilCTJkl drunk Idr6TJkl shake I)elkl shook IJQkl shaken IJ§kanl
drive IdraIvl drove IdrQQvl driven Idnv'nl shine I)aml shone IJQnl shone IJQnl
shoot I)u:t1 shot IJQt! shot IJQtI
ea t lit! l ate I§t! Ieaten Itt'nl I Ishow I )oul showed IJQQdl shown IJQQnl
shut I )At! sh ut 1!6t! shut IJ6t!
<all /fo:11 fell !f~1 1 fa ll en Ifzlanl sing ISII)I san g ISilCTJ I sung IS6TJI
'e ed Ifi:dl fed If~d l fed If~dl sit I SIt! sat ISilCt! sat ISilCt!
<e el /fi:11 felt If~l tI fe lt If~ltI sleep Isli:pl slept Is l ~pt! slept Isl~pt!
figh t IfaIt! fought Ib tl fought Ifzt! sme ll Ism ell smelt (smell ed) Ism~l t smelt (smelled) Ism~lt
fi nd Ifamdl found /fill,ln dl found IIill,lndl (sm~ld)1 (sm~l d) 1
7ly /fl aIl flew Ifl!!;1 flown IflQQnl speak Ispi:kl spoke ISPQQkl spoken ISPQQkanl
<or bid IlarbIdl forbade Ila'bilCdl forbidden Ila'bId'nl spe ll Ispell spelt (spe lled) Isp~lt spelt (spe lled) Isp~l t
<org et Ila rgetl forgot Ifa'got! forgotten Ifa'gQt'nl (sp~l d)1 (sp~ld)1
<orgive IlargIvl forgave Ifa'gelvl forg iven Ila' gIv'nl spend Ispendl spen t Isp~nt! spent Isp~nt!
<ree ze Ifn zl froze IfrQQzl frozen IfrQQz'nl sta nd Istcendl stood IstQdl stood IstQdl
stea l Isti:11 stole IstQQ11 stolen IstQQI'nl
get Igetl got IgQt! got IgQt! stick Istlkl stuck Ist6kl stuck Ist6kl
give IgIVI gave Ig§vl given IgIv'nl sting Ist l1)1 stung Ist6TJI stung Ist61J1
go Igool wen t IWfintl gone IgQnl swear Iswee rl swore Iswz'l sworn Iswz'nl
grow Ig roo l grew Igr!!;1 grown Ig rQQn l sweep Iswi:pl swept Isw~pt! swept Isw~pt!
swim Isw lml swam IswilCml swum Isw6ml
an g IhaeTJI I hung (hanged) Ih6TJ hung (hanged) Ih6TJ (hilCTJd)1
(hi!JTJ d)1 take Itelkl took ItQkl taken It§kanl
ave IhiBVI had IhilCdl had IhilCdl teach lli t)1 taught 112t! taught Itzt!
nea r Ih I8rI heard Ih3:'dl heard Ih:>:'dl tear Iteerl tore /tz'l torn ItZ'nl
ide Ihmdl hid Ih Idl hidden IhId'nl tel l /tel/ to ld ItQQldl t old ItQQldl
it IhItI hit IhItI hit IhIt! think 1811)kl thought 18zt! thought 18zt!
l ol d Ihooldl held Ih~ld l held Ih,MI th row 18rool threw 18rw thrown 18rQQnl
urt Ih3:rt! hurt Ih:r't! hurt Ih:r't!
understand understood understood
eep Ikipl I kept Ikept! Ikept Ikept! IAnderstcendl 16nda'stQdl 16nda'stQdl

<now Inool knew InJu:l known InQQnl wake Iwelkl woke IWQQkl woken IWQQkanl
wear Iweerl wore /wz'l worn Iwz'nl
win Iwml won Iw"nl won IW6nl
write Iraltl wrot e IrQQt! writt en Int'nl
Prime Time 3 is a
modular course at pre-
intermed iate level. The series
combines active learning with a variety of
lively topics presented in six themed modules.

& Grammar Book