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Code.
CITIZENS
The following are citizens of the Philippines:
Revenue Regulations No. 1-79:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at a) Immigrant - one who leaves the Philippines
the time of the adoption of the 1987 to reside abroad as an immigrant for which
Constitution; a foreign visa as such has been secured.
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens b) Permanent employee - one who leaves the
of the Philippines; Philippines to reside abroad for employment
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of on a more or less permanent basis.
Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine c) Contract worker - one who leaves the
citizenship upon reaching the age of Philippines on account of a contract of
majority; and employment which is renewed from time to
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance time within or during the taxable year under
with law. (Article IV, Section 1, 1987 Philipine such circumstances as to require him to be
Constitution) physically present abroad most of the time
during the taxable year.
Natural-born citizens are those who are To be considered physically present
citizens of the Philippines from birth without abroad most of the time during the
having to perform any act to acquire or taxable year, a contract worker must
perfect their Philippine citizenship. have been outside the Philippines for
Those who elect Philippine citizenship in not less than 183 days during such
accordance with paragraph (3), Section 1, taxable year
Article IV of the 1987 Constituion shall be
deemed natural-born citizens. (Article IV, Overseas Contract Worker (OCW) or Overseas
Section2) Filipino Worker (OFW)- Rev Regs. No. 1-11
OCW refer to Filipino citizens employed in
NONRESIDENT CITIZENS: (Section 22 (E), Tax Code) foreign countries, commonly referred to as
The term ‘nonresident citizen’ means: OFWs, who are physically present in a
foreign country as a consequence of their
(1) A citizen of the Philippines who establishes employment thereat. Their salaries and
to the satisfaction of the Commissioner the wages are paid by an employer abroad
fact of his physical presence abroad with a and is not borne by any entity or person in
definite intention to reside therein. the Philippines. To be considered as an
(2) A citizen of the Philippines who leaves the OCW or OFW, they must be duly registered
Philippines during the taxable year to reside as such with the Philippine Overseas
abroad, either as an immigrant or for Employment Administration (POEA) with a
employment on a permanent basis. valid Overseas Employment Certificate
(3) A citizen of the Philippines who works and (OEC).
derives income from abroad and whose Seafarers or seamen are Filipino citizens who
employment thereat requires him to be receive compensation for services rendered
physically present abroad most of the time abroad as a member of the complement of
during the taxable year. a vessel engaged exclusively in international
(4) A citizen who has been previously trade.
considered as nonresident citizen and who To be considered as an OCW or OFW they
arrives in the Philippines at any time during must be duly registered as such with the
the taxable year to reside permanently in Philippine Overseas Employment
the Philippines shall likewise be treated as a Administration (POEA) with a valid Overseas
nonresident citizen for the taxable year in Employment Certificate (OEC) with a valid
which he arrives in the Philippines with Seafarers Identification Record Book (SIRB)
respect to his income derived from sources or Seaman's Book issued by the Maritime
abroad until the date of his arrival in the Industry Authority (MARINA).
Philippines.
(5) The taxpayer shall submit proof to the
Commissioner to show his intention of ALIENS: Section 22, (F) , (G) Tax Code
leaving the Philippines to reside “(F) The term ‘resident alien’ means an
permanently abroad or to return to and individual whose residence is within the
reside in the Philippines as the case may be Philippines and who is not a citizen thereof.”
“(G) The term ‘nonresident alien’ means an aggregate period of 180 days during
individual whose residence is not within the any calendar year.
Philippines and who is not a citizen thereof.”
How taxed:
Rev. Regs. No. 2-40, Section 5 Resident citizens are taxable on worldwide
An alien actually present in the Philippines income.
who is not a mere transient or sojourner is a Citizens who qualify as nonresident citizens
resident of the Philippines for purposes of the are taxable only on Philippine –sourced
income tax. Whether he is a transient or not income.
is determined by his intentions with regard to Aliens, whether resident or nonresident are
the length and nature of his stay taxable only on Philippine-sourced income.
A mere floating intention indefinite as to
time, to return to another country is not “(a) Income, in the broad sense, meaning all
sufficient to constitute him a transient. If he wealth which flows into the tax-payer other than as
lives in the Philippines and has no definite a mere return of capital. It includes the forms of
intention as to his stay, he is a resident. income specifically described as gains and profits,
One who comes to the Philippines for a including gains derived from the sale or other
definite purpose which in its nature may be disposition of capital assets.” xxx. (Section 36,
promptly accomplished is a transient. Income Tax Regulations)
But if his purpose is of such a nature that an
extended stay may be necessary for its “ xxxx, income may be defined as an amount of
accomplishment, and to that end the alien money coming to a person or corporation within a
makes his home temporarily in the specified time, whether as payment for services,
Philippines, he becomes a resident, though interest or profit from investment. Unless otherwise
it may be his intention at all times to return specified, it means cash or its equivalent. Income
to his domicile abroad when the purpose for can also be thought of as flow of the fruits of one's
which he came has been consummated or labor. (Hernando B. Conwi, Jaime E. Dy-Liacco,
abandoned. petitioners,
vs. The Honorable Court Of Tax
Appeals and Commissioner Of Internal Revenue,
Rev Regs. No. 2- 40, Section 6 respondents G.R. No. 48532 August 31, 1992 citing
Loss of residence by alien: Fisher vs. Trinidad, 43 Phil. 973Madrigal vs. Rafferty,
An alien who has acquired residence in the 38 Phil. 414. .)
Philippines retains his status as a resident
until he abandons the same and actually Income is a flow of wealth. Capital maybe defined
departs from the Philippines. as :
An intention to change his residence does o A fund or material wealth that can be used
not change his status as a resident alien to for the further production of wealth to satisfy
that of a nonresident alien. Thus an alien human wants;
who has acquired a residence in the o Tools of production or the resources of a
Philippines is taxable as a resident for the business enterprise
remainder of his stay in the Philippines.
The minimum wage earners as defined in Section 22 This rule, notwithstanding, the SMW, Holiday pay,
(HH) of the Code shall be exempt from the overtime pay, night shift differential pay and hazard
payment of income tax on their taxable income. pay shall still be exempt from withholding tax.