Rr311004 Process Control Instrumentation

Code No: RR311004 Set No.
1
III B.Tech I Semester Supplimentary Examinations, February 2008
PROCESS CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION
( Common to Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering and
Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. A process of unknown transfer function is subjected to a unit impulse input. The

output of the process is measured accurately and is found to be represented by the
function y(t) = t e−t . Determine unit step response of this process. [16]
2. (a) Say whether heated tank and an immersed thermometer with negligible inter-
action is interacting or non-interacting. Justify your answer.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer functions individ-
ually for heated tank and thermometer.
(c) Determine the overall transfer function of this combination. How is this trans-
fer function related with the individual transfer function? [3+9+4]
3. (a) Explain with analytic expression, the concept of a single controller mode which
is anticipatory in nature. List its characteristics.
(b) Why a pure derivative is not preferred? Draw the derivative controller output
for the error given below figure3b. (Assume the relevant settings) [8+8]
Figure 3b
4. (a) Explain in detail, the realization of proportional-integral action with the aid
of bellows, flapper-nozzle etc.
(b) Draw a three mode electronic controller and derive the expression for the
output voltage. [8+8]
5. (a) What is meant by process tuning and list the various methods of tuning of
PID parameters.
(b) Discuss process reaction method for control loop tuning. [8+8]
6. Explain the principle of a direct and reverse pneumatic actuator. [16]
7. Write steps followed in choosing a valve for better control of flow and should be
cost effective. [16]
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Code No: RR311004 Set No. 1
8. Explain the dead-time compensation in a closed loop operation with neat diagram.
[16]
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1. In the following figure1, P1 ,P2 and P3 refer to changes in the pressures upstream,
in the tank and downstream respectively and the flows into and out of the tank are
influenced by the tank pressure.
Figure 1
(a) Write the differential equation for the above system and get the transfer func-
tion.
(b) What is the order of the above system? How will the order change if there are
several inlets and outlets? [10+6]
2. Three identical tanks are operated in series in non-interacting fashion. For each
tank, R=1 and t = 1. If the deviation in flow rate to the first tank is an impulse
function of magnitude 2, determine
(a) An expression for H(S) where H is the deviation in level in the third tank.
(b) Obtain the expression for H(t).
(c) Sketch the response H(t). [7+6+3]
Figure 3b
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5. (a) Explain continuous - cycling method to determine typical response for pro-
portional control.
(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of optimum settings by trial and error method
for PID controlles . [8+8]
6. (a) What is the principle of a solenoid and explain how it can be used to change
the gears of a two-position transmission. (Let an SCR is used to activate the
solenoid coil).
(b) A stepping motor has 130 steps per revolution. Find the digital input rate
that producer 10.5 revolutions per second. [10+6]
7. (a) Briefly explain valve sizing.

(b) A fully open valve passes 200gpm of water at a pressure differential of 10.0psi
calculate valve sizing. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on
(a) Material balance in a distillation column

(b) Quality control (top and bottom product) in a distillation column
(c) Quantity control (top and bottom product) in a distillation column. [5+6+5]
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1. (a) A tank having a cross sectional area of 2 square metre is operating at steady
state with an input flow rate of 2 cubic metre / min. The flow – head charac-
teristics are as shown in the figure1a
Figure 1a
(b) Find the transfer function H(S) / Q(S).
(c) Derive the expression for the response of the system for a step change and
draw the response curve.
(d) If the flow to the tank increases from 2 to 2.2 cubic metre according to a step
change, calculate the level h two minutes after the change occurs. [6+6+4]
2. Three identical tanks are operated in series in non-interacting fashion. For each
tank, R=1 and t = 1. If the deviation in flow rate to the first tank is an impulse
function of magnitude 2, determine
(a) An expression for H(S) where H is the deviation in level in the third tank.
(b) Obtain the expression for H(t).
(c) Sketch the response H(t). [7+6+3]
Figure 3b
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4. (a) Explain the method of realizing an electronic PD controller employing delayed
negative feedback. Derive the expression for proportional gain and derivative
time.
(b) With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of a thermostat type two
position controller. How differential gaps are produced in such type of con-
trollers. [8+8]
5. (a) Illustrate open loop transient response method for optimum settings of PID
parameters.
(b) A transient disturbance test is run on a process loop. The results of 9%
controlling variable change give a process reaction graph with CP = 3.9%; T
= 4.8 min; L =2.4 min. Find settings for three-mode action. [8+8]
6. (a) Give the principle of the control valve and give its O/P equation.
(b) A pressure difference of 1.5 psi occurs across a constriction in a 4 cm diameter
pipe. The constriction constant is 0.008 w3 /s/(kPa)1/2 . Find
i. the flow rate in m3 /sec.
ii. flow velocity in m/sec. [8+8]
7. (a) Give the schematic of single seated and double seated valves.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of single seated and double seated
valves. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on
(a) Feed forward control

(b) Override control
(c) Ratio control. [5+5+6]
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1. (a) Write differential equation for the following single capacitance process as
shown in the figure1a
Figure 1a
(b) The above single capacitance level process has a normal operating head of 1.2
metre and a normal value of outflow of 3375 cubic centimetre per seconds.
The cross section area of the vessel is 0.54 square metre. If the resistance to
the flow is parabolic, determine the time constant of the system.
(c) Show that the time constant of the above process is proportional to the time
required to change the fluid in the vessel. [3+7+6]
2. (a) Say whether heated tank and an immersed thermometer with negligible inter-
action is interacting or non-interacting. Justify your answer.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer functions individ-
ually for heated tank and thermometer.
(c) Determine the overall transfer function of this combination. How is this trans-
fer function related with the individual transfer function? [3+9+4]
3. (a) Draw the output of the
i. three position controller
ii. single speed floating controller for the following error. Assume the relevant
settings as shown in the figure3(a)ii.
Figure 3(a)ii
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(b) An integral controller is used for speed control with a setpoint of 15 rpm,
range of 10-20rpm, the constant Ki = -0.2% controller output per second per
percentage error. The controller output is 28% initially. If the speed jumps to
17 rpm, calculate the controller output after 3 seconds for a constant error.
[8+8]
5. (a) Explain the following terms as applicable to system evaluation with necessary
graphs.
i. Stability
ii. measure of quality .
(b) Discuss the quarter - amplitude criterion to evaluate the response. [8+8]
6. (a) What is the principle of a solenoid and explain how it can be used to change
the gears of a two-position transmission. (Let an SCR is used to activate the
solenoid coil).
(b) A stepping motor has 130 steps per revolution. Find the digital input rate
that producer 10.5 revolutions per second. [10+6]
7. (a) Give the schematic of single seated and double seated valves.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of single seated and double seated
valves. [8+8]
8. (a) What control strategy is needed for improved performance when input and
output of a process affected by significant disturbance?
(b) What is compensation in a closed operation? Explain with neat diagram.
[8+8]
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Code No: RR311004 Set No.

1. A process of unknown transfer function is subjected to a unit impulse input. The

6. Explain the principle of a direct and reverse pneumatic actuator. [16]

7. (a) Briefly explain valve sizing.

8. Write short notes on

(a) Material balance in a distillation column

8. Write short notes on

(a) Feed forward control

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