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I declare that the work submitted for this practical application assessment ie. the completed observation sheets
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APPENDIX 5
A safety inspection was conducted at the construction site of Daliya Builders &
Developers Private Ltd, which is located opposite to the civil station, Calicut. The inspection
was conducted on 30/11/2017 between 11:00 AM and 03:30 PM. The main purpose of the
inspection was to identify the strength and weakness of the health and safety management
system at the workplace. At the time of inspection, the construction work of three storied
shopping mall was going on with two levels of underground parking. The overall area of site
is around 40000sq.ft. At the time of inspection there were around 140 employees including
workers, supervisors and engineers. The ground floor and surroundings were inspected by
me, which is around 15000sq.ft.
The main activities taking place in the construction site at the time of inspection were
excavation, maintenance work, work at height, manual handling, electrical work, welding,
crane operation, demolition work and working on scaffolding. Equipments like welding
machine, concrete breakers, concrete mixer, portable hand drills, power generators etc were
used in the work site. Mobile cranes, excavators, bulldozers and dump truck were used in
the site.
During the inspection several uncontrolled hazards and some good practices were
identified. The uncontrolled hazards need to be put on to attention of the management, in
order to meet health and safety standards. Some of the identified hazards were of high risk
and the remaining were medium and low risks. It is identified that the following laws were
breached: ILO- Occupational Health & Safety Convention C155 Article 16, ILO Hygiene
(commerce and office) recommendation R120 and ILO- Occupational Health & Safety
Convention C167 (article 14, article 18, article 29 and article 32). The relevant control
measures were recommended to reduce the level of risk.
APPENDIX 5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
At the time of inspection several hazards and good practices were identified. Mostly
the hazards were developed due to lack of management commitment in ensuring health and
safety standards. The good practices identified during inspection require appreciation. The
observation sheet of this report has all the findings of the inspection and the hazards with
high risk levels are highlighted in the main findings section. The main findings of the
inspection are: poor ventilation at the cement and sand storage room, no proper washing
facilities for workers, welding and cutting work near to diesel powered concrete mixer,
people working on fragile roof without safety harness and scaffolding was erected without
guardrails and toe boards. All these hazards need to be removed in order to avoid
enforcement actions from concerned authorities and other losses in case of any incidents.
In case of any hazards mentioned in this report occurs, the possible losses that may
arise in terms of direct cost and indirect cost are medical costs, indemnity payments,
program costs, administrative costs, temporary labour and overtime cost, equipment
damage, emergency supplies, accident investigation costs, OSHA fines, etc. It is observed
that the following laws were violated: ILO- Occupational Health & Safety Convention C155
Article 16, ILO Hygiene (commerce and office) recommendation R120 and ILO-
Occupational Health & Safety Convention C167 (article 14, article 18, article 29 and article
32). The relevant control measures were recommended to reduce the level of risk.
APPENDIX 5
The cement and sand storage area was poorly ventilated and the room was covered
with dust particles. Workers were carrying cement sacks from the storage area to the
concrete mixer. Cement dust is a very harmful substance which contains crystalline silica.
Long term exposure and inhalation of cement dust can cause respiratory disease called
silicosis and lung cancer.
It is observed that the following laws or standards were breached: ILO - Occupational
Health & Safety Convention C155 Article 16, which describes the employer has to provide a
safe place of work. ILO Hygiene (commerce and office) recommendation R120 (specifically
recommendation 3 and 12) sets out additional useful advice that should be considered when
meeting the requirement for ventilation. When the management compliance with law, it
provides the employees with a safe working environment and helps the employer to reduce
the costs and enforcement actions in case of an incident.
Management should provide proper ventilation system in the workplace. Ventilators
should be installed in areas where the dust particles in air are comparatively high. The
ventilation system should be regularly inspected by a competent person to ensure the
system is working properly. Implementing a proper ventilation system reduces the
consequence and it demonstrates management commitments. The management may have
to spend an amount of approximately Rs 50000/- to install a proper ventilation system
.
APPENDIX 5
Proper washing facilities were not provided for workers. A single temporary washing
facility was provided but it is not sufficient for the number of workers and long queues are
formed in front of the washing facility. There is a risk of ill-health due to diseases caused by
biological agents and a chance of violence among workers. This can result in absenteeism
of workers.
It is identified that the following standards or laws were violated: ILO - Occupational
Health & Safety Convention C167 Article 32, which describes the employer has to provide
adequate number of sanitary and washing facilities depending upon the number of workers
and duration of work. Recommendation 32 & 33 of ILO Hygiene (commerce and offices)
Recommendation R120 should be considered when meeting the requirement for washing
facilities. When the management compliance with law, it provides the employees with a safe
and clean working environment and also helps the employer to reduce the direct and indirect
costs.
Management should ensure adequate washing facilities are available depending on the
number of workers. Provide housekeeping in the washing area to ensure the area is
maintained in a hygienic manner. Implementation of these control measures can avoid ill-
health and reduce mental stress of workers. The management may have to spend an
amount of approximately Rs 40000/- to provide sufficient washing facilities for the workers.
APPENDIX 5
Welding and cutting work was found doing near the diesel powered concrete mixer.
Welding and cutting produces extreme heat and sparks. Fire can easily be produced from the
extreme heat and sparks from welding and cutting and nearby diesel tank of concrete mixer can
cause explosion, fatal injuries and property damage.
It is observed that the following laws or standards were breached here: ILO - Occupational
Health and Safety convention C167 Article 29, the employer shall take all appropriate measures
to avoid risk of fire. According to ILO Occupational Health and Safety Convention C155 Article
16, the employer has to provide a safe place of work. When the management compliance with
laws, it provides the employees with a safe working environment and helps the employer to
reduce the costs and enforcement actions in case of an incident.
Risk assessment has to be carried out by competent person before initiating the work. Hot
work permit has to be issued only based on the risk assessment report. Hot work such as
welding and cutting should be carried out in temporary workshop with proper risk assessment.
Implementation of these control measures will reduce the hazards associated with hot work. It is
the moral duty of the employer to provide a safe place of work for the employee. The
management may have to spend an amount of approximately Rs 50000/- to provide a
temporary workshop for carrying out hot works like cutting and welding.
APPENDIX 5
People working on fragile roof were found without safety harness. A few people wearing
safety harness were found without attaching lanyards to anchor point. This can result in fall of
people or equipments which may cause fatal injuries to the person falling and the one working
below.
It is identified that the following laws or standards were violated: ILO – Occupational Health
& Safety Convention C167 Article 18, the employer has to do all that is reasonably practicable
to prevent anyone falling from height and carry out the risk assessment. When the employer
compliance with laws, it provides the employees with a safe working environment and helps the
employer to reduce the costs and enforcement actions in case of an incident.
Ensure the task is being carried out by competent person with the skill and knowledge.
Risk assessment should be carried out to identify the hazard before initiating the work. Provide
suitable and sufficient safety equipments like safety nets and safety harness. The provision of
adequate training and supervision will also be required. Implementing these control measure will
avoid the risk of people or equipments falling. The employer may have to spend an amount of
approximately Rs 55000/- to purchase full body harness and provide training to workers.
APPENDIX 5
Scaffolding was erected without guardrails and toe boards. Three workers were working
standing on top of scaffolding without any safety measures. Risk of people and objects
falling from the scaffolding causing major injuries to person falling and those working
underneath and also it can result in property damage too.
It is observed that the following convention was breached: ILO – Occupational Health &
Safety Convention C167 Article 14, a safe and suitable scaffold shall be made for work at
height and all scaffolds shall be constructed and inspected by a competent person. If the
management compliance with law, it provides the employees with a safe working
environment and also helps the employer to reduce the direct and indirect cost that may
arise in case of an accident. Also it prevents any enforcement actions from concerned
authorities.
Scaffolding must only be erected by competent people who have attended recognised
courses and who are authorised to do the work. Adequate toe boards, guardrails and
intermediate rails must be fitted to prevent people or materials from falling. Any work carried
out on scaffold must be done by a competent person. Ensure the scaffolding was inspected
on a regular basis by a competent person. Implementing these control measure will minimise
the risk of people and objects falling. A cost of approximately Rs 30000/- is required to carry
out risk assessment by competent person and training to the workers.
APPENDIX 5
CONCLUSIONS
The observations clearly show the strength and weakness of the health and safety system
of the organisation. The major issues and corrective measures are highlighted in the main
findings section. Poor ventilation at the cement and sand storage room, no proper washing
facilities for workers, welding and cutting work near to diesel powered concrete mixer, people
working on fragile roof without safety harness and scaffolding was erected without guardrails
and toe boards are some of the main hazards observed during the inspection. The possible
costs that could arise from these hazards are medical costs, indemnity payments, program
costs, administrative costs, temporary labour and overtime cost, equipment damage,
emergency supplies, accident investigation costs and OSHA fines etc.
To ensure management commitment towards health and safety and to create a safe
system of work, all the corrective measures need to be implemented in the organisation. All the
good practices followed by the management should be appreciated. To improve the legal
compliance and to avoid enforcement actions from concerned authorities, it is advised to
implement all recommendations included in this report. Changes in the health and safety system
should be monitored and reviewed at regular intervals to ensure effectiveness of the system.
It is strongly recommended to implement proper ventilation system, adequate washing
facilities, temporary workshop for hot works, sufficient safety equipments, proper training to
workers and proper maintenance of electrical equipments in order to prevent accidents and to
reduce the losses in terms of direct and indirect costs. To implement corrective measures for
health and safety improvements, financial costs are involved which are detailed in this report.
The management have to spend a total amount of approximately Rs 2,25000/- (Rupees two
lakhs and twenty five thousand only) to implement all the corrective measures mentioned
above.
APPENDIX 5
RECOMMENDATIONS
Sheet number: 1 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
1. Chemical Hazard:
Avoid long term exposure to cement Every 1 hour
Poor ventilation system at the dust by providing job rotation.
cement and sand storage room.
Provide proper Respiratory Protective Regular
Consequence: Equipments. practice
2. Biological Hazard:
Provide temporary washing facilities Immediate
There were no proper washing for workers.
facilities available for workers.
Provide training to workers on the
Consequence: importance of good personal 2 week
hygiene.
Risk of ill-health due to poor
personal hygiene. Provide permanent washing facilities 1 month
for workers.
3. Slip Hazard:
Engine oil spillage was found near Clean the spillage immediately. Immediate
the main entrance.
Provide good housekeeping in and 3 days
Consequence: around the work area.
Risk of slip and fall of worker which Carry out regular monitoring of weekly
may leads to cuts, wounds and workplace.
bone fracture.
APPENDIX 4
Sheet number: 2 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Observations Control measures Timescale
Hazards and consequences Immediate and longer term actions
4. Electrical Hazard:
Replace the damaged cord Immediate
Worker using portable hand immediately.
drill with damaged cord to
drill through walls. Carry out pre-use check of
electrical equipments to Daily
Consequence: identify any damage or fault
in the equipment.
Risk of electric shock and 1 month
fire can cause fatality or Periodic inspection of
serious injury to workers. electrical equipment by
competent person.
5. Falling Hazard:
Barricade the area and Immediate
Deep excavation work was place sign board.
going on and the area was
not barricaded. Regular inspection of work Daily
area by contractors or
Consequence: supervisors.
Within 1 month
Risk of people, objects and Training must be given to
vehicles falling into the workers to do their tasks
excavation. This can cause safely
multiple injury and property
damage.
6. Collision Hazard:
Display speed limit signage 3 hours
There was only one route throughout the drive way.
for entry and exit in the
workplace for vehicles and Divide the road for vehicles
pedestrians. and pedestrians by 1 week
providing temporary
Consequence: barriers.
Within 1 month
Collision with pedestrians or Provide separate entry and
other vehicles can leads to exit routes in the worksite
fatal injuries and property for vehicles and
damage. pedestrians.
APPENDIX 4
Sheet number: 3 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Observations Control measures Timescale
Hazards and consequences Immediate and longer term actions
7. Biological Hazard:
Provide good housekeeping Within 1 hour
Faeces of birds and animals to remove the faeces from
were found throughout the the worksite.
work site. 1 week
Regular inspection of
Consequence: workplace by supervisors of
housekeeping department.
Risk of increased sickness 1 month
rate due to infections Provide fencing around the
caused by biological agents. worksite to restrict the entry
of birds and animals.
8. Chemical Hazard:
Limit exposure to dust and 1 hour
Workers are exposed to fibre particles by use of job
dust and fibre particles rotation.
during demolition work. Regular practice
Provide Personal Protective
Consequence: Equipments like Respiratory
Protective Equipments. 1 month
Dust and fibre particles may
contain asbestos. Prolonged Periodic health check-up
exposure may cause and training to workers.
asbestosis and
mesothelioma.
Sheet number: 4 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Sheet number: 5 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Observations Control measures Timescale
Hazards and consequences Immediate and longer term actions
13. Electrical Hazard:
Immediately stop the
Operator was working on ongoing work and park the Immediate
mobile crane near to crane at a safe location
overhead live power lines. away from power lines.
Sheet number: 6 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
18.Good Practice:
Sheet number: 7 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Sheet number: 8 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017
Observations Control measures Timescale
Hazards and consequences Immediate and longer term actions
Sheet number: 9 of 9
Place inspected: Daliya builders and developers, Calicut Date of inspection: 30/10/2017