Standard Stress Methods Doc: AA-SM-004

Revision: A
Bolt Group Analysis Page: 1

C.1.0.0 BOLT GROUP UNDER ECCENTRIC LOAD

Reference: Michael Niu - Airframe Stress Analysis & Sizing, Chapter 9.0

Px = 0 N Applied Load in x-direction

Py = -10,000 N Applied Load in y-direction
Txy = 12,000 Nmm Applied Moment
xp = 0.3 mm X-coordinate of the Applied Load
yp = 0.0 mm Y-coordinate of the Applied Load

xc = 2.6 mm X-coordinate of the centroid

yc = 2.4 mm Y-coordinate of the centroid

Tc = -10,641 Nmm Moment About the Centroid

Bolt No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 S
x 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 0.00 10.00
y 1.00 1.00 -1.00 5.00 5.00 2.00
Bolt Dia. 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.38 0.25 0.38
Area, A 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.48
Ax 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.2
Ay 0 0 0 1 0 0 1.1
xb -1.6 -3.6 -3.6 -1.6 -2.6 7.4
yb -1.4 -1.4 -3.4 2.6 2.6 -0.4
Ar2 0.474 0.714 1.177 1.041 0.665 6.121 10.193
Axb -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.8
Ayb -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0
Sx 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sy -2,308 -1,026 -1,026 -2,308 -1,026 -2,308 -10,000
DSx 157 70 172 -305 -135 41 0
Dsy -180 -183 -183 -180 -131 857 0
Fx 157 70 172 -305 -135 41 0
Fy -2,488 -1,208 -1,208 -2,488 -1,157 -1,450 -10,000
F 2,493 1,210 1,220 2,507 1,165 1,451

Table 1 Bolt Group Loads

Check for balance by taking sum of forces and moments about centroid:

SFx = 0 N OK
SFy = -10,000 N OK
SM = -10641 Nmm OK
Prepared by: R. Abbott Date: Jan 2008 Checked by:___________________Date:__________

Standard Stress Methods Doc: AA-SM-004

Revision: A
Bolt Group Analysis Page: 2

C.2.0.0 DIAGRAM AND EQUATIONS

Equations used for the Bolt Group Method:

A = p D2/4 Bolt Cross-Sectional Area

xb = x - xc x - Distance to Centroid

yb = y - yc y - Distance to Centroid

Location of the Centroid

Force Component Due to Shear Load

Force Component Due to Moment

Moment About Centroid

Sum of the Forces Due

to Shear and Moment

Fig. 1 Diagram for the Bolt Group Method

Prepared by: R. Abbott Date: Jan 2008 Checked by:___________________Date:__________
 Standard Stress Methods Doc: AA-SM-004
Revision: A
Bolt Group Analysis Page: 1

D.1.0.0 BOLT GROUP UNDER ECCENTRIC LOAD

Px = 0 N Applied Load in x-direction Reference:

Py = -10,000 N Applied Load in y-direction Michael Niu - Airframe Stress Analysis & Sizing,
Txy = 12,000 Nmm Applied Moment Chapter 9.0
xp = 0.3 mm X-coordinate of the Applied Load
yp = 0.0 mm Y-coordinate of the Applied Load
xc = 0.3 mm X-coordinate of the centroid
yc = 0.2 mm Y-coordinate of the centroid
Tc = 12,059 Nmm Moment About the Centroid

Bolt No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S
x 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
y 1.00 1.00 -1.00 -1.00 0.00 2.00
Bolt Dia. 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.38 0.25 0.25
Area, A 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.42
Ax 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Ay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
xb 0.7 -1.3 -1.3 0.7 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3
yb 0.8 0.8 -1.2 -1.2 -0.2 1.8 -0.2 -0.2
Ar2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Axb 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ayb 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
Sx 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sy -2,647 -1,176 -1,176 -2,647 -1,176 -1,176 0 0 -10,000
DSx 1,314 584 -943 -2,122 -180 1,347 0 0 0
Dsy -1,213 988 988 -1,213 225 225 0 0 0
Fx 1,314 584 -943 -2,122 -180 1,347 0 0 0
Fy -3,860 -188 -188 -3,860 -952 -952 0 0 -10,000
F 4,077 614 962 4,405 969 1,650 0 0
Prepared by: R. Abbott Date: Jan 2008 Checked by:___________________Date:__________

Standard Stress Methods Doc: AA-SM-004

Revision: A
Bolt Group Analysis Page: 2

D.2.0.0 DIAGRAM AND EQUATIONS

Equations used in Bolt Group Calculation:

Check for balance by taking sum of forces and moments about centroid:

SFx = 0 N OK
SFy = -10,000 N OK
SM = 12,059 Nmm OK
Prepared by: R. Abbott Date: Jan 2008 Checked by:___________________Date:__________
References:
[1] AN3 Thru AN20 Bolt - Machine, Aircraft Military Specification Sheet
[2] NAS498 Fasteners, Alloy Steel, Externally Threaded, 95 KSI Fsu, 450 F
[3] E.F. Bruhn - Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

AN Steel Bolts
Ftu = 125 ksi
Fsu = 75 ksi
Fb = 180 ksi
Decimal Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [in] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs]
AN3 0.19 0.190 2,210 1,690 4,250 2,125
AN4 1/4 0.250 4,080 3,130 7,360 3,680
AN5 5/16 0.313 6,500 4,980 11,500 5,750
AN6 3/ 8 0.375 10,100 7,740 16,560 8,280
AN7 7/16 0.438 13,600 10,430 22,500 11,250
AN8 1/ 2 0.500 18,500 14,190 29,400 14,700
AN9 9/16 0.563 23,600 18,100 37,400 18,700
AN10 5/ 8 0.625 30,100 23,080 46,000 23,000
AN12 3/ 4 0.750 44,000 33,730 66,300 33,150
AN14 7/ 8 0.875 60,000 46,000 90,100 45,050
AN17 1.00 1.000 80,700 61,870 117,800 58,900
AN18 1 1/ 8 1.125 101,800 78,050 147,500 73,750
AN20 1 1/ 4 1.250 130,200 99,820 182,100 91,050
[1] [3] [1] [1] [3] [1] [3]

High Strength Steel Bolts

Ftu = 160 ksi
Fsu = 95 ksi
Fb = 230 ksi
Decimal Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [in] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs]
#4 0.112 0.112 1880 940
#6 0.138 0.138 2850 1420
#8 0.164 0.164 4010 2000
#10 0.19 0.190 5,380 2,700
1/4 0.250 6,190 9,300 4,660
5/16 0.313 9,820 14,600 7,290
3/ 8 0.375 15,200 21,000 10,500
7/16 0.438 20,600 28,600 14,300
1/ 2 0.500 27,400 37,300 18,600
9/16 0.563 34,800 47,200 23,600
5/ 8 0.625 43,600 58,300 29,100
3/ 4 0.750 63,200 83,900 42,000
7/ 8 0.875 86,100 114,000 57,100
1.00 1.000 114,000 149,000 74,600
 1 1/ 8 1.125 144,000 189,000 94,400
1 1/ 4 1.250 180,000 233,000 116,600
1 1/ 2 1.500 336,000 167,900
[3] [2] [2]

AN 2024 Aluminum Alloy Bolts

Ftu = 62 ksi
Fsu = 35 ksi
Fb = 72 ksi
Decimal Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [in] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs] [lbs]
AN3 0.19 0.190 1,100 710 1,980 990
AN4 1/4 0.250 2,030 1,310 3,430 1,715
AN5 5/16 0.313 3,220 2,080 5,370 2,685
AN6 3/ 8 0.375 5,020 3,240 7,740 3,870
AN7 7/16 0.438 6,750 4,350 10,500 5,250
AN8 1/ 2 0.500 9,180 5,920 13,700 6,850
AN9 9/16 0.563 11,700 7,550 17,400 8,700
AN10 5/ 8 0.625 14,900 9,610 21,500 10,750
AN12 3/ 4 0.750 21,800 14,100 31,000 15,500
AN14 7/ 8 0.875 29,800 19,200 42,100 21,050
AN17 1.00 1.000 40,000 25,800 55,000 27,500
AN18 1 1/ 8 1.125 50,500 32,600 69,000 34,500
AN20 1 1/ 4 1.250 64,400 41,500 85,000 42,500
[1] [1] [1] [1]
 Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending Shank Moment Ult. Bending NAS 6208 BOLT MECHANICA
Moment Moment Area of Inertia Moment
[in-lbs] [in-lbs] [in4] [in4] [in-lbs] Procurement Specifica
121 138 0.0284 6.397E-05 121 D=
276 314 0.0491 1.917E-04 276 FTU =
539 614 0.0767 4.681E-04 539 FSU =
932 1,061 0.1104 9.707E-04 932
1,480 1,685 0.1503 1.798E-03 1480 Allowable is calculated using m
2,210 2,516 0.1963 3.068E-03 2209 Chapter 6.4 "Plastic Bending",
3,140 3,582 0.2485 4.914E-03 3145
4,320 4,914 0.3068 7.490E-03 4314 Shape factor from fig. 6.4.2 in
7,450 8,491 0.4418 1.553E-02 7455 k=
11,850 13,483 0.6013 2.877E-02 11838
17,670 20,126 0.7854 4.909E-02 17671 Moment arm:
25,161 28,656 0.9940 7.863E-02 25161 c = D/2 =
34,515 39,308 1.2272 1.198E-01 34515
[3] Moment of Inertia:
I = pr4/4 =

I/c =

Plasticity Apparent Stress from fig. 6.4.6

Corrected Mc/I =
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending Shank Moment Ult. Bending =
Moment Moment Area of Inertia Moment
[in-lbs] [in-lbs] [in4] [in4] [in-lbs] MALL =
37 0.0099 7.724E-06 32
70 0.0150 1.780E-05 59
117 0.0211 3.551E-05 100
182 0.0284 6.397E-05 155
414 0.0491 1.917E-04 353
809 0.0767 4.681E-04 689
1,398 0.1104 9.707E-04 1191
2,220 0.1503 1.798E-03 1891
3,313 0.1963 3.068E-03 2823
4,718 0.2485 4.914E-03 4019
6,471 0.3068 7.490E-03 5513
11,183 0.4418 1.553E-02 9526
17,758 0.6013 2.877E-02 15127
26,507 0.7854 4.909E-02 22580
 37,742 0.9940 7.863E-02 32150
51,772 1.2272 1.198E-01 44102
89,462 1.7671 2.485E-01 76208

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending Shank Moment Ult. Bending
Moment Moment Area of Inertia Moment
[in-lbs] [in-lbs] [in4] [in4] [in-lbs]
46 0.0284 6.397E-05 48
110 0.0491 1.917E-04 110
216 0.0767 4.681E-04 216
373 0.1104 9.707E-04 373
592 0.1503 1.798E-03 592
884 0.1963 3.068E-03 884
1,260 0.2485 4.914E-03 1258
1,730 0.3068 7.490E-03 1726
2,980 0.4418 1.553E-02 2982
4,740 0.6013 2.877E-02 4735
7,070 0.7854 4.909E-02 7069
10,064 0.9940 7.863E-02 10064
13,806 1.2272 1.198E-01 13806
[3]
NAS 6208 BOLT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Procurement Specifica NAS4002

0.25 in 6.35 mm
125,000 psi 862 MPa
75,000 psi 517 MPa

Allowable is calculated using method in Niu,

Chapter 6.4 "Plastic Bending", Ref. [4].
160

Shape factor from fig. 6.4.2 in Ref. [4]:

1.7
270

Moment arm:
3.175 mm
205

Moment of Inertia:
79.81 mm4 160

25.14 mm3

1.7
Apparent Stress from fig. 6.4.6 in Ref. [4]:
270 ksi
1861.58 MPa

414 in-lbs 4.68E+04 Nmm

References:
[1] AN3 Thru AN20 Bolt - Machine, Aircraft Military Specification Sheet
[2] NAS498 Fasteners, Alloy Steel, Externally Threaded, 95 KSI Fsu, 450 F
[3] E.F. Bruhn - Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

AN Steel Bolts
Ftu = 862 MPa
Fsu = 517 MPa
Fb = 1241 MPa
Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [mm] [N] [N] [N] [N]
AN3 0.19 4.83 9,831 7,517 18,905 9,452
AN4 1/4 6.35 18,149 13,923 32,739 16,369
AN5 5/16 7.94 28,913 22,152 51,155 25,577
AN6 3/ 8 9.53 44,927 34,429 73,663 36,831
AN7 7/16 11.11 60,496 46,395 100,085 50,042
AN8 1/ 2 12.70 82,292 63,120 130,778 65,389
AN9 9/16 14.29 104,978 80,513 166,364 83,182
AN10 5/ 8 15.88 133,891 102,665 204,618 102,309
AN12 3/ 4 19.05 195,722 150,039 294,917 147,459
AN14 7/ 8 22.23 266,893 204,618 400,785 200,392
AN17 1.00 25.40 358,972 275,211 524,001 262,000
AN18 1 1/ 8 28.58 452,829 347,184 656,113 328,056
AN20 1 1/ 4 31.75 579,159 444,022 810,021 405,011
[1] [3] [1] [1] [3] [1] [3]

High Strength Steel Bolts

Ftu = 1103 MPa
Fsu = 655 MPa
Fb = MPa
Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [mm] [N] [N] [N] [N]
#4 0.112 2.84 8,363 4,181
#6 0.138 3.51 12,677 6,316
#8 0.164 4.17 17,837 8,896
#10 0.19 4.83 23,931 12,010
1/4 6.35 27,534 41,368 20,729
5/16 7.94 43,682 64,944 32,428
3/ 8 9.53 67,613 93,413 46,706
7/16 11.11 91,633 127,219 63,610
1/ 2 12.70 121,881 165,919 82,737
9/16 14.29 154,798 209,956 104,978
5/ 8 15.88 193,942 259,331 129,443
3/ 4 19.05 281,128 373,206 186,825
7/ 8 22.23 382,992 507,097 253,993
1.00 25.40 507,097 662,785 331,837
 1 1/ 8 28.58 640,544 840,714 419,912
1 1/ 4 31.75 800,680 1,036,436 518,663
1 1/ 2 38.10 1,494,603 746,856
[3] [2] [2]

AN 2024 Aluminum Alloy Bolts

Ftu = 427 MPa
Fsu = 241 MPa
Fb = 496 MPa
Decimal Ult. Tensile Yield Tensile Double Shear Single Shear
Size Dia. Dia Strength Strength Strength Strength
[in] [mm] [N] [N] [N] [N]
AN3 0.19 4.83 4,893 3,158 8,807 4,404
AN4 1/4 6.35 9,030 5,827 15,257 7,629
AN5 5/16 7.94 14,323 9,252 23,887 11,943
AN6 3/ 8 9.53 22,330 14,412 34,429 17,215
AN7 7/16 11.11 30,025 19,350 46,706 23,353
AN8 1/ 2 12.70 40,835 26,333 60,941 30,470
AN9 9/16 14.29 52,044 33,584 77,399 38,700
AN10 5/ 8 15.88 66,279 42,747 95,637 47,818
AN12 3/ 4 19.05 96,971 62,720 137,895 68,947
AN14 7/ 8 22.23 132,557 85,406 187,270 93,635
AN17 1.00 25.40 177,929 114,764 244,652 122,326
AN18 1 1/ 8 28.58 224,635 145,012 306,927 153,464
AN20 1 1/ 4 31.75 286,465 184,601 378,099 189,049
[1] [1] [1] [1]
 Conversions in-lb = 112.9849 Nmm
lbs = 4.448222 N

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment Moment
[Nmm] [Nmm]
13,671 15,592
31,184 35,477
60,899 69,373
105,302 119,877
167,218 190,379
249,697 284,270
354,772 404,712
488,095 555,208
841,737 959,354
1,338,870 1,523,375
1,996,442 2,273,933
2,842,812 3,237,694
3,899,672 4,441,209
[3]

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment Moment
[Nmm] [Nmm]
4,180
7,909
13,219
20,563
46,776
91,405
157,953
250,826
374,319
533,063
731,125
1,263,510
2,006,385
2,994,889
 4,264,274
5,849,452
10,107,851

Plasticity
Corrected
Ult. Bending Ult. Bending
Moment Moment
[Nmm] [Nmm]
5,197
12,428
24,405
42,143
66,887
99,879
142,361
195,464
336,695
535,548
798,803
1,137,080
1,559,869
[3]
 Fastener Fastener
Fastener Coordinates Dia. Area
No. x y D A Ax Ay xb yb r2 Ar2 Axb
A -276.000 38.000 0.125 0.0123 -3.3870 0.4663 ### 38.0000 ### ### -2.9207
B -276.000 -38.000 0.125 0.0123 -3.3870 -0.4663 ### -38.0000 ### ### -2.9207
C 200.000 121.000 0.125 0.0123 2.4544 1.4849 ### ### ### ### 2.9207
D 200.000 -121.000 0.125 0.0123 2.4544 -1.4849 ### ### ### ### 2.9207
E 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
F 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
G 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
H 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
I 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
K 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
L 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
M 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
N 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
O 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
P 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
Q 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
R 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
S 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
T 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
U 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
V 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
W 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
X 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
Y 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
Z 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38.0000 0.0000 ### 0.0000 0.0000
0.0491 -1.86532 0 ###
Input Data:
xp = 0.000 Applied xc = -38.000 Centroid +ve Torque
yp = 0.000 Coordinates yc = 0.000 Coordinates
Px = 190 Applied Load Tc = 127,780
Py = 190 Components (lbs.)
Txy = 135,000 Applied Torque at load application point
 Shear due to Shear due to Loads Transferred
applied load torque to Fastener
Ayb Sx Sy DSx Dsy Fx Fy F
0.4663 48 48 19 118 66 165 178
-0.4663 48 48 -19 118 29 165 168
1.4849 48 48 60 -118 107 -70 128
-1.4849 48 48 -60 -118 -12 -70 71
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
190 190 0 0 190 190

+ve Torque Note: Bearing Loads on plate/lug

will have an opposite sign