Deep learning in 1-D data

Sohail Manzoor
(17-MS-SE-19)
Hadeed Ullah
(17-MS-SE-08)
Unknown

Literature Review:
Deep learning methods perform very well for large size data sets than any other type of methods.
Because deep learning algorithms check results against all possible inputs while in simple classic
machine methods only few inputs are examined. Deep learning algorithms used in many applications
which we are using in medical field for diagnosis of many disease(Faust et al., 2018).Deep learning
with convolutional neural network is examined for the purpose of showing that both pathological and
EEG recordings are different. For this purpose two basic convent’s architectures named shallow and
deep were used. The results were better in decoding pathology case. Automated methods were used
to check performance of architectural hyperparameters and notice very large difference between
these architectures. Experiment showed that for ConveNet decoding behavior they used spectral
power and frequency values of delta and theta used in architects were changed also other features
work exact according to expectations which they were exacting from the analysis of medical textual
and the experiment showed accuracy is increased with increasing the contextual data for example
subject age. The techniques of ConvNet used in this method become base for further automated
diagnosis on the base of EEG(Schirrmeister et al., 2017). Encephalogram (EEG) is used for diagnosis of
epilepsy and used ancillary test for this purpose. Information about the activity of brain is controlled
or hold by EEG signals. In past for this purpose techniques used was not giving good results for example
there was variety of results against similar data, techniques used was taking a lot of time for
performing required operations, don’t have capabilities to show all abnormalities also there were
some limitations in technical artifact sense. Keeping in mind all discussed limitations there was need
of an automated in other words computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system which use different machine
learning techniques and has capability to distinguish the class of EEG signals. It was start of
examination of EEG signals on the base of CNN. The experiment was help to distinguish different
classes for example normal, preictal and seizure. For this purpose a 13-layer deep CNN were used.
Technique proved good results for all perspectives for accuracy 88.67%, for specificity 90.00% and for
sensitivity it displayed 95.00%(Acharya et al., 2018). To make human life good and free from seizure
type disease there is need of Brain-computer interface which will predict presence of seizure In human
and in this way a human can find ways to fight with this type of disease. It is very difficult to develop
a system discussed above because it needs a lot’s of effort and info. The EEG signals are nonstationary
in nature keeping mind this nature of EEG signals it is very difficult to detect Seizure patters because
it vary from patient to patient. Very large and huge amount of data is produced while brain recording
using implanted electrodes. This big data is a big problem because large amount of data need large
amount of resources to process to store. For the solution of above problems there were BCI system
was introduced. The purpose of that’s system was to analyze EEG signals. In this system first of all
dimensionality-reduction techniques was introduced for the purpose of reducing classification error
and increase classification capacity with decreasing processing time and bandwidth for
communication. A stack auto encoder was introduced for following two steps first extraction of
unsupervised feature and the other classification. For the analysis of big EEG signals a cloud-computing
methodology was introduced. When proposed system examined it show good result and become a
new useful BCI system for epilepsy patients(Hosseini et al., 2016).

Automated system for the detection of Parkinson’s disease was introduced. The system used
convolutional neural network for performing this operation. They used 20 EEG signals of the subjects
facing Parkinson’s disease and 20 EEG signals of normal subjects and get excellent results for accuracy
,sensitivity and specify by implementing thirteen layer CNN(Oh et al., 2018). An automated system
was implemented or developed for the detection of MI ECG beats and normal beats. The proposed
system give good result for with noise and without noise signals. No other function like feature
extraction and selection was performed in this system(Acharya et al., 2017b). An automated system
was developed to detect Coronary artery disease (CAD) and to overcome all problems that old system
were facing while detection of CAD for this purpose a 4 layer CNN was used. For diagnosis of CAD four
max pooling layers and three fully contacted layers used. The proposed system Show great result for
both nets in EEG signal observation(Acharya et al., 2017a). Using 1-D convolutional neural network a
system is developed for the classification and detection of patients. Using 1-D CNN two major
functions of ECG feature extraction and classification handled and ECG trained with patients and used
for the classification of patients it was able to classify the patients according to trained data. The
proposed system show excellent results than previous proposed systems but the system was invariant
nature and it can be used for any type of ECG datasets(Kiranyaz et al., 2016). For the segmentation of
Cell in histopathological images a system was proposed using deep learning algorithms. The proposed
system also use spatial relationship with deep learning algorithms to get better result for cell
segmentation. For this purpose they collect cellular and extracellular samples from histopathological
images and perform operations on collected samples and when get result it was noticed collected
results show better segmentation details than old proposed methods(Hatipoglu and Bilgin, 2017). A
simple and really quick technique of information acquisition, feature extraction and have house
creation for convulsion detection. The scalp graphical record (EEG) dataset collected at the Children’s
Hospital Boston from twenty two pediatric patients having 192 unmalleable seizures (available as CHB-
MIT database) is employed to assess this easy approach against existing ones with terribly positive
results reaching up to 99.48% Sensitivity(Bugeja et al., 2016).

References:

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ACHARYA, U. R., FUJITA, H., OH, S. L., HAGIWARA, Y., TAN, J. H. & ADAM, M. 2017b. Application of
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healthcare applications based on physiological signals: a review. Computer methods and
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