HIV: Causes, Prevention, Treatment and Care

S.Y (2018-2019)

A research paper presented

To: Roxsan B. Bracho

By: Irene B. Magbanau

Renalyn P. Suminod

Joan Campos

Avelino Cahucom

A Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

In English of Grade 10 Mabini

 CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND SCOPE

Introduction
The first causes or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
were reported in the United States in the spring of 1981. By 1983 the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS, had been isolated.
Early in the U.S HIV/AIDS pandemic, the role of substance abuse in the spread
of AIDS was clearly established. Injection drug use (IDU) was identified as a
direct route of HIV infection and transmission among injection drug users. The
largest group of early AIDS causes comprised gay and bisexual men (referred to
as men who have sex with men (or MSMS). Early cases of HIV infection that
were sexually transmitted often where related to the use of alcohol and other
substance, and the majority of these cases occurred in Urban, educated, with
MSMS.

Currently injection drug users represent the largest HIV-infected

substance-abusing population in the United States. HIV/AIDS prevalence rates
among injection drug users vary by geographic region, with the highest rates in
surveyed substance abuse treatment centers in the Northeast, the South, and
Puerto Rico. From July 1998 through June 1999, 23 percent of all AIDS cases
reported were among men and women who reported IDU (Centers for Disease
Control) and Prevention [CDC], 1999).

IDU practice were quick and efficient vehicles for HIV

transmission. The virus is transmitted primarily through the exchange of blood
using needles, syringes, or other IDU equipment (e. g, cookers, rinse water,
cotton) that were previously used by an HIV-infected person. Lack of
knowledge about safer needle use techniques and the lack of alternatives to
needle sharing (e. g, available supplies of clean, new needles) contribute to the
rise of HIV/AIDS.

Another route of HIV transmission among injection drug users is

through sexual contacts within relatively closed sexual networks, which are
characterized by multiple sex partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, and
exchange of sex for money (Friedman et.al, 1995). The inclusion of alcohol and
other non injection substances to this lethal mixture only increases the
HIV/AIDS case load (Edlin et.al, 1994, Grella et.al, 1995). A mojor risk factor for
HIV/AIDS among injection drugs users is crack use; one study found that crack
abusers reported more sexual partners in the last 12 months, more sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) in their lifetimes and greater frequency of paying
for sex, exchange sex for drugs and having sex with injection drug users (Word
and Browser, 1996).
Statement of the problem

This study is conducted to HIV: Causes, Prevention, Treatment

and Care that specifically sought to answer ff.

1. What is human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV)?

2. What are the causes of HIV?
3. What are ways of preventing this virus to affect human health?
4. What are caring interventions can be done to ensure the full recovery of
an HIV victim?

Significance of the study

The study was designed to know the causes, prevention,

treatment and care of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The result of
study could serve as to remind to make us aware that HIV can affect the
immune system body. We can also gain some knowledge on how to avoid this
virus.

This study also given an idea that a Human Immunodeficiency

Virus is a most scared disease because there no cure. And also to give an
information to the people about HIV.
Scope and Limitation

This study focus on the causes, prevention, treatment and care if

HIV. It is opportunity to get some information about HIV to give on information
to others.

Operational Definition of Terms

For easy understanding the ff. terms were defined conceptually

and operationally.

HIV/AIDS – a disease in which there is a sincere loss of the body cellular,

greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.

Virus - is a large group of submicros copic infection agent that are usually
regarded as nonliving extremely complex molecules that typically contain
protein coat surrounding an RNA and DNA core for genetic material but no
semipermeable membrane that are capable of growth and multiplication only
living cells and that cause various important diseases in humans, animals and
plants.

IDU - a method of illicit drug use. The drugs are injected directly into
the body into a vein, into a muscle or under the skin – with a needle
and syringe. Blood borne viruses, including HIV and hepatitis can be
transmitted via shared needles or other drug injection equipment.

Human immune system – the bodily system that protects the body
from foreign substances, cells and tissues by producing thr immune
response and that include especially the thymus, spleen, lymph,
special deposits of lympiad tissue.

Cells – a lymphocyle of a type processed by thymus gland and

actively participating in the response.
 CHAPTER III
INTERPRETATION OF DATA

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is

the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
or AIDS, if not treated. Unlike some others viruses, the human
body can’t get rid HIV completely even with treatment. So once
you get HIV you hate it for life.

HIV is dangerous and hazardous virus because if you are infected

this kind of virus, your lifetime will be shorten and this syndrome have no
medical to cure, once you are infected this virus will suffer hardly until you will
lead to die. HIV gets from those people who also infected this kind of virus.

HIV is caused by a virus. It can spread through

sexual contact or blood or from mother to child pregnancy,
childbirth or breast-feeding.

This virus is too dangerous because there no cure to heal this kind
of diseases. But you can avoid this by not having sex with the man/woman that
already an HIV.

HIV is spread contact with blood or sexual fluids,

usually during vaginal and anal sex. So the only 100% certain
way to avoid HIV is to not have vaginal or anal sex to prevent
this virus to affect human health.

This virus have no cure so you have to avoid having sex with
people, the sexual fluids that spread during your sexual intercon may cuased
you to have HIV. HIV is the most scared virus because you can have into your
entire life. If doesn’t have an antidote just like we see in the movie. So once
you have it you can’t return it until you die.

No effective cure currently exist, but with proper

medical care, HIV can be controlled. Antiretroviral therapy can
help to slowly spread virus in human body it taken the right
way, every day this medicines can dramatically prolong the
lives of many people infected with HIV, keep them healthy, and
greatly lower their chance of infecting others.
 This virus doesn’t have cure so you need take care yourself. If you
want the virus to slowly spread you need to undergo Antiretroviral therapy this
therapy can’t cure the virus but it can help to control the virus to slowly spread
in your immune system.