TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

13 TENSES

Nama Kelompok:

1. Imroatul Mufidah (1552010007)

2. Dyah Prastiwi Andriyani (1552010010)

3. Henryawan Laksono P. (1552010029)

4. Sufyan Atsaury (1552010081)

5. Khathryn Debora Y. (1552010095)

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAB” JAWA TIMUR

2019
 THE 13 TENSES

I. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A. Usage
The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the
simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it
happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called
present indefinite).
Summary:
Simple present adalah kata kerja dengan 2 kegunaan utama. Simple
present digunakan saat kejadian yang sedang terjadi, atau kejadian yang
terjadi secara teratur (atau tanpa henti).
B. Time signals
 Always = Selalu  Generally = Umumnya
 Often = Sering  Habitually = Biasanya
 Seldom = Jarang  Sometimes = Terkadang
 Never = Tidak pernah  Every = Setiap
 Ussualy = Biasanya  Once a week = Sekali seminggu

C. Pattern
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) Subject + is / am / are + Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(-) Subject + is / am / are + Not + Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(?) Is / Am / Are + Subject + Adverb / Adjective / Noun?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + Verb1 (s / es) + Object + Adverb
(-) Subject + do / does + not + Verb1 + Object + Adverb
(?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Adverb?
*) Note: - (He, She, It) use (s / es) in the end of verb.
- (He, She, It) use (does). (I, You, We, They) use (Do).
 D. Examples
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) You are beautiful every day.
(-) You are not beautiful every day.
(?) Are you beautiful every day?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) Marina practices the piano every day.
(-) Marina does not practice the piano every day.
(?) Does marina practice the piano every day?

II. SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Usage
This tense use to describe an action that is going on at this moment,
an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or
prepared. Then this tense also used when describe a temporary event or
situasion and to describe repeated actions.
Summary:
Simple present continuous digunakan saat menjelaskan kejadian yang
sedang terjadi, kejadian yang akan datang, yang dimana sudah direncanakan
atau dipersiapkan. Lalu juga untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang sementara
dan juga saat kejadian yang berulang-ulang.
B. Time signals
 Now = Sekarang
 Right now = Sekarang juga
 At present = Saat ini
 At this moment = Saat ini
 This semester = Semester ini
 Today = Hari ini
 This week = Minggu ini
 This month = Bulan ini
 C. Pattern
(+) Subject + is / am / are + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb
(-) Subject + is / am / are + not + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb
(?) Is / Am / Are + Subject + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb?
*) Note: - To be (is) for (He, She, It).
- To be (am, are) for (I, You, We, They).
D. Examples
(+) He is watching TV now.
(-) He is not watching TV now.
(?) Is he watching TV now?

III. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Usage
Simple perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that have
occurred in the past and have been completed at a certain time or still
continue until now.
Summary:
Simple perfect tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai ada waktu tertentu atau
masih berlanjut hingga sekarang.
B. Time signals
 Already so far = Sudah sejauh ini
 Until now = Sampai sekarang
 Just now = Baru saja
 Up to present = Hingga sekarang
 Ever since = Sejak
 Recently = Baru-baru ini
 Lately = Akhir-akhir ini
 All day = Sepanjang hari
 All night = Sepanjang malam
 All week = Sepanjang minggu
 C. Pattern
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) Subject + have/has + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been+ Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(?) Have/has + Subject + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + have/has + Verb 3
(-) Subject + have/has + not + Verb3
(?) Have/has + Subject + Verb3
*) Note: - (Has) for (He, She, It).
- (Have) for (I, You, We, They).
D. Examples
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) Toro has been handsome since just now.
(-) Toro has not been handsome since just now.
(?) Has Toro been handsome since just now?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) She has made an orange juice all week.
(-) She hasn’t made an avocado juice all week.
(?) Has she made an orange juice all week?

IV. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Usage
The present perfect continuous tense is used to show the event that has
been completed at a point in the past followed by its relevance to the current
condition.
Summary:
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan
kejadian yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau diikuti
relevansiya dengan kondisi saat ini.
 B. Time signals
 So far = Sejauh ini
 Since = Sejak
 Recently = Baru-baru ini
 Lately = Akhir-akhir ini
 All day = Sepanjang hari
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + have/has + been + Verb1-ing
(-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb1-ing
(?) Have/has + Subject + been + Verb1-ing
*) Note: - (Has) for (He, She, It).
- (Have) for (I, You, We, They).
D. Examples
(+) Joni has been driving for 4 hours
(-) Joni has not been driving for 4 hours
(?) Has Joni been driving for 4 hours?

V. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

A. Usage
The simple past tense indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at particular time in the past.
Summary:
Simple past tense menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau situasi
dimulai dan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
B. Time signals
 This morning = Tadipagi
 Yesterday = Kemarin
 2 days ago = 2 hari yang lalu
 Last night = Tadimalam
 Last week = Minggu lalu
  Last month = Bulan lalu
 Last year = Tahun lalu
 For a long time = Untukwaktu yang lama
 An hour ago = Satu jam yang lalu
C. Pattern
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) Subject + was / were + Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(-) Subject + was / were + not + Adverb / Adjective / Noun
(?) Was / were + Subject + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object / Complement
(-) Subject + did + not + Verb1 + Object / Complement
(?) Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object / Complement?
*) Note: - (Was) for (I, He, She, It).
- (Were) for (You, We, They).
- Complement = Adverb, Noun, Adjective.
D. Examples
1. Nominal Sentence
(+) He was there for a long time.
(-) He was not there for a long time.
(?) Was he there for a long time?
2. Verbal Sentence
(+) Daniel went to Surabaya last week.
(-) Daniel did not go to Surabaya last week.
(?) Did Daniel go to Surabaya last week?

VI. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Usage
Past continuous tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an
event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past.
 Summary:
Past continuous tense adalah sejenis tense yang digunakan untuk
menggambarkan suatu peristiwa atau tindakan yang sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu di masa lalu.
B. Time signals
 All day yesterday = Seharian kemarin
 The whole day yesterday = Sepanjang hari kemarin
 When = Ketika
 While = Sementara
 As = Sebagai
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + was / were + Verb 1-ing + Object
(-) Subject + was / were + not + Verb 1-ing + Object
(?) Was / were + Subject + Verb 1-ing + Object?
*) Note: - (Was) for (I, He, She, It).
- (Were) for (You, We, They).
D. Examples
(+) She was sleeping all afternoon yesterday.
(-) She was not sleeping all afternoon yesterday.
(?) Was she sleeping all afternoon yesterday?

VII. PAST PERFECT TENSE

A. Usage
Past perfect tense is used to describe one action that happened before
another action in the past.
Summary:
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan
yang terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu.
B. Time signals
 After = Setelah
 Before = Sebelum
  As soon as = Sesegera
 When = Ketika
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object
(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Object
(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Object
D. Examples
(+) My sister had slept when I come yesterday.
(-) My sister had not slept when I come yesterday
(?) Had my sister slept when I come yesterday?

VIII. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Usage
Past Perfect Continuous Tense, used to express an event that has
started and is going on in the past, but now it doesn't happen again.
Summary:
Past Perfect Continuous Tense, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan
suatu kejadian yang telah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau,
namun saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi.
B. Time signals
 For = Selama
 Since = Sejak
 When = Ketika
 After = Sesudah
 Before = Sebelum
 By last year = Menjelang tahun yang lalu
 By yesterday =Menjelang kemarin
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + Had + Been + Ving + Object + Adverb
(-) Subject + Had + Not + Been + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb
(?) Had / Hadn’t + Subject + Been + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb ?
 D. Examples
(+) Catlea had been presenting her thesis- before her advisor arrived at
the room
(-) Catlea had not been presenting her thesis- before her advisor arrived
at the room
(?) Had / hand’t Catlea been presenting her thesis- before her advisor
arrived at the room

IX. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

A. Usage
Simple Future Tense is a simple form of verb that describes an action
or event that will be carried out in the future. This verb is used to express
desires (what will be done), to make predictions (predict what events will
occur) and to make conditional sentences of sentence type 1 (if combined
with other clauses using conjunction "if"). In addition, if it is arranged in the
form of interrogative sentences, simple future tense can be used to make
offers / offers (offers / orders) and suggestions / advice (suggestion /
advice).
Summary:
Simple Future Tense merupakan kata kerja bentuk sederhana yang
menerangkan suatu aksi atau peristiwa yang akan dilakukan di masa depan.
Kata kerja ini digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan (hal apa yang akan
dilakukan), untuk membuat prediksi (memperkirakan peristiwa apa yang
akan terjadi) dan untuk membuat kalimat pengandaian/ conditional sentence
type 1 (jika digabung dengan clause lain menggunakan conjunction "if").
Selain itu, jika disusun dalam bentuk kalimat tanya (interrogative), simple
future tense bisa untuk membuat tawaran/ permintaan (offer/order) dan
saran/ nasehat (suggestion/advice).
B. Time signals
 Tomorrow… = Besok…
 Tomorrow morning = Besok pagi
  Tomorrow afternoon = Besok siang
 Tomorrow evening = Besok petang
 Tomorrow night = Besok malam
 Next… = … yang akan datang
 Next time = Waktu yang akan datang
 Next week = Minggu depan
 Next month = Bulan depan
 Next year = Tahun depan
 Tonight = Malam ini
 Soon = Segera
 Later = Nanti
 By and by = Sebentar lagi
 The day after tomorrow = Besok lusa
C. Pattern
1. Nominal sentence
(+) Subject + will / shall+ be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb
(-) Subject + will / shall+ not+ be+ Noun / Adjective / Adverb
(?) Will / shall + Subject+ be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb?
Will / shall + not+ Subject + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb ?
2. Verbal sentence
(+) Subject + will / shall + Verb 1 + Object / Adverb
(-) Subject + will / shall + not + Verb 1 + Object /Adverb
(?) Will / shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Object / Adverb?
Will / shall + not + Subject + Verb 1 + Obejct /Adverb
D. Examples
1. Nominal sentence
(+) They shall be a pilot.
(-) They shall be a pilot.
(?) ShallThey be a pilot ?
 2. Verbal sentence
(+) He will teach you English this evening.
(-) He will not teach you English this evening.
(?) WillHe teach you English this evening ?

X. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Usage
Future continuous tense is a form of sentence or phrase that has a
function to show that something will happen in the future and continue for
the expected period of time.
Summary:
Future continous tense merupakan bentuk kalimat atau ungkapan yang
memiliki fungsi untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu akan terjadi di masa
depan dan terus berlanjut untuk jangka waktu yang diharapkan.
B. Time signals
 Tomorrow = Besok
 While = Sementara
 When = Ketika
 If = Jika
 At this time tomorrow = Pada waktu ini besok
 At this time next year = Pada saat ini tahun depan
 Next summer = Musim panas selanjutnya
 By this time tomorrow = Pada waktu seperti sekarang besok
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + will + be + (Verb1 + ing) + Object / Adjective
(-) Subject + will + not + be + (Verb1 + ing) + Object / Adjective
(?) Will + Subject + be + (Verb1+ ing) + Object / Adjective ?
D. Examples
(+) Indonesia will be celebrating the independence day next week
(-) Indonesia will not be celebrating the independence day next week
(?) Will Indonesia be celebrating the independence day next week ?
XI. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
A. Usage
The future perfect is used to express an activity that will be completed
before another time or event in the future.
Summary:
Future perfect digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang
akan diselesaikan sebelum waktu atau acara lain di masa depan.
B. Time signals
(By + Indefinite time)
 By this weekend = Menjelang akhir pekan
 By the end of this week = Menjelang akhir minggu ini
 By next month = Menjelang bulan depan
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + shall / will + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement
(-) Subject + shall / will + not + have / has + Verb 3 + Object /
Complement
(?) Shall / will + Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement?
*) Note: - Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb
- (Has) for (He, She, It).
- (Have) for (I, You, We, They).
D. Examples
(+) I will have submitted my essay by the end of this month.
(-) I will not have submitted my essay by the end of this month.
(?) Will I have submitted my essay by the end of this month?

XII. PAST FUTURE TENSE

A. Usage
The past future tense is used to express an event that will be carried
out in the past. In this event, the incident was not / has not been done.
Summary:
 Past future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian yang
akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau. Dalam peristiwa ini, kejadiannya
tidak/belum dilakukan.
B. Time signals
 Last week = Minggu lalu
 Last month = Bulan lalu
 Last year = Tahun lalu
 Ago = Lalu
 The other day = Dulu
 The day before = Sebelum hari ini
C. Pattern
(+) Subject + should / would + Verb 1 + Object / Complement
(-) Subject + should / would + not + Verb 1 + Object / Complement
(?) Should / would + Subject + Verb 1 + Object / Complement?
*) Note: Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb
D. Examples
(+) Yesterday she would come to my house but the day was raining.
(-) Yesterday she would not come to my house because the day was
raining.
(?) Would she come to my house because the day was raining
yesterday?

XIII. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

A. Usage
The past future perfect tense is used to express an action or event that
will have been carried out before a predetermined time in the past.
Summary:
Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan
atau peristiwa yang akan telah dilakukan sebelum waktu yang telah
ditentukan pada waktu yang akan lampau.
B. Time signals
 If = Jika

C. Pattern
(+) Subject + should / would + have / has + Verb 3 + Object /
Complement
(-) Subject + should / would + not + have / has + Verb 3 + Object /
Complement
(?) Should / would + Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object /
Complement?
*) Note: - Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb
- (Has) for (He, She, It).
- (Have) for (I, You, We, They).
D. Examples
(+) They should have worked if they had graduated.
(-) They should not have worked if they had not graduated.
(?) Should they have worked if they had graduated?
 List of Verbs

1. Regular Verbs:
No V1 V2 – V3 Meaning
Plus “-d” in the end of verb
1 Advise Advised Menasehati
2 Admire Admired Mengagumi
3 Announce Announced Mengumumkan
4 Bake Baked Memanggang
5 Believe Believed Mempercayai
6 Close Closed Menutup
7 Like Liked Menyukai
8 Manage Managed Mengatur
9 Measure Measured Mengukur
10 Move Moved Memindahkan
11 Observe Observed Mengamati
12 Pause Paused Berhenti sejenak
13 Smoke Smoked Merokok
14 Use Used Memakai
Plus “-ed” in the end of verb
15 Add Added Menambahkan
16 Answer Answered Menjawab
17 Ask Asked Menanyakan
18 Follow Followed Mengikuti
19 Help Helped Membantu
20 Listen Listened Mendengarkan
21 Lock Locked Mengunci
22 Match Matched Cocok
23 Open Opened Membuka
24 Own Owned Memiliki
No V1 V2 – V3 Meaning
25 Repeat Repeated Mengulang
26 Repair Repaired Menperbaiki
27 Reject Rejected Menolak
28 Search Searched Mencari
29 Talk Talked Berbicara
30 Want Wanted Menginginkan
31 Watch Watched Menonton
32 Visit Visited Mengunjungi
33 Zoom Zoomed Memperbesar
“-y” change to “-I” plus “-ed”
34 Bury Buried Mengubur
35 Carry Carried Membawa
36 Copy Copied Menyalin
37 Cry Cried Menangis
38 Empty Emptied Mengosongkan
39 Hurry Hurried Mempercepat
40 Identify Identified Mengidentifikasi
41 Marry Married Menikah
42 Reply Replied Menjawab
43 Study Studied Belajar
44 Supply Supplied Menyediakan
45 Try Tried Mencoba
“-y” still being “-y” plus “-ed” in the end of verb
46 Annoy Annoyed Menjengkelkan
47 Betray Betrayed Mengkhianati
48 Convey Conveyed Menyampaikan
49 Delay Delayed Menunda
50 Employ Employed Mempekerjakan
51 Enjoy Enjoyed Menikmati
No V1 V2 – V3 Meaning
52 Play Played Bermain
53 Pray Prayed Berdoa
Double consonant
54 Admit Admitted Mengizinkan
55 Ban Banned Melarang
56 Beg Begged Meminta
57 Cancel Cancelled Membatalkan
58 Fit Fitted Cocok
59 Hug Hugged Memeluk
60 Occur Occurred Terjadi
61 Jog Jogged Berlari perlahan
62 Permit Permitted Mengizinkan
63 Plan Planned Berencana
64 Plug Plugged Mengisi
65 Rob Robbed Merampok
66 Rub Rubbed Menggosok
67 Ship Shipped Mengirimkan
68 Travel Travelled Berpergian
69 Trap Trapped Menjebak
70 Zip Zipped Menutup Resleting

2. Irregular Verbs:
No V1 V2 V3 Meaning
V1, V2, V3 are same
1 Cut Cut Cut Memotong
2 Hit Hit Hit Memukul
3 Let Let Let Membiarkan
4 Put Put Put Meletakkan
5 Quit Quit Quit Meninggalkan
No V1 V2 V3 Meaning
6 Read Read Read Membaca
V1 and V3 are same
7 Come Came Come Datang
8 Become Became Become Menjadi
9 Run Ran Run Berlari
V2 and V3 are same
10 Bleed Bled Bled Berdarah
11 Bring Brought Brought Membawa
12 Build Built Built Membangun
13 Catch Caught Caught Menangkap
14 Feed Fed Fed Memberi makan
15 Feel Felt Felt Merasa
16 Find Found Found Menemukan
17 Have Had Had Mempunyai
18 Hold Held Held Menahan
19 Keep Kept Kept Menjaga
20 Lead Led Led Memimpin
21 Meet Met Met Bertemu
22 Sleep Slept Slept Tidur
V1, V2, V3 are different
23 Break Broke Broken Istirahat
24 Choose Chose Chosen Memilih
25 Forget Forgot Forgotten Melupakan
26 Get Got Gotten Mendapatkan
27 Speak Spoke Spoken Berbicara
28 Steal Stole Stolen Mencuri
29 Write Wrote Written Menulis
30 Wake Woke Woken Bangun