15ECN062 VLSI DESIGN 3 1 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 To learn the basic CMOS circuits

 To learn the CMOS process technology.
 To learn techniques of chip design using programmable devices.
 To learn the concepts of designing VLSI subsystems.
 To learn the concepts of modeling a digital system using Hardware Description Language.

UNIT I CMOS TECHNOLOGY 12

A brief History–MOS transistor, Ideal I–V characteristics, C–V characteristics, Non ideal IV effects, DC
transfer characteristics – Basic CMOS technologies – nwell, pwell, twin tub, SOI process, Layout design
Rules, CMOS process enhancements, Technology related CAD issues, Manufacturing issues, Physical
design of logic gates– Inverter, NAND NOR

UNIT II CIRCUIT CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION 12

Delay estimation, Logical effort and Transistor sizing, Power dissipation, Interconnect, Design margin,
Reliability, Scaling– SPICE tutorial, Device models, Device characterization, Circuit characterization,
Interconnect simulation

UNIT III COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 12

Circuit families –Low power logic design – comparison of circuit families – Sequencing static circuits,
circuit design of latches and flip flops, Static sequencing element methodology– sequencing dynamic
circuits – synchronizers

UNIT IV CMOS TESTING 12

Need for testing– Testers Fault models, Stuck line (single and multiple), Bridging, Stuck open, Text
fixtures and test programs– Logic verification– Silicon debug principles– Manufacturing test – Design for
testability – Boundary scan– chip level and system level test techniques.

UNIT V SPECIFICATION USING VERILOG HDL 12

Basic concepts– identifiers– gate primitives, gate delays, operators, timing controls, procedural
assignments conditional statements, Data flow and RTL, structural gate level switch level modeling,
Design hierarchies, Behavioral and RTL modeling, Test benches, Structural gate level description of
decoder, equality detector, comparator, priority encoder, half adder, full adder, Ripple carry adder, D latch
and D flip flop. An overview of the features of advanced FPGAs, IP cores, Softcore processors, Various
factors determining the cost of a VLSI, Comparison of ASICs, FPGAs , PDSPs and CBICs.
TOTAL = 60 h

COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course the students will be able to,
CO1: Explain the characteristics and basics of CMOS technology like n-well, p-well and twin tub.K2
CO2: Explain the physical design process and develop Inverter, NAND and NOR logic gates.K2 & K3
CO3: Analyze the circuit characteristics like delay estimation, logical effort, transistor sizing, power
dissipation and interconnect. K4
CO4: Able to build models and characterize devices using SPICE.K6
CO5: Compare and summarize the different circuit families and analyze Low power logic designs.K2 &
K6
CO6: Examine the design of combinational and sequential circuits.K4
CO7: Explain the various chip level and system level testing techniques.K2
CO8: Explain Verilog HDL programming and concepts like delays, operators, timing controls,
procedural assignments, conditional statements and develop Data flow and RTL programs.K2 &
K6
CO9: Compare and discuss the features of advanced FPGAs and IP cores and soft core processors.K4

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Weste and Harris “CMOS VLSI DESIGN” (Third edition) Pearson Education, 2005
2. Uyemura J.P “Introduction to VLSI circuits and systems”, Wiley 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. D.A Pucknell & K. Eshraghian “Basic VLSI Design”, Third edition, PHI, 2003
2. Wayne Wolf, “Modern VLSI design”, Pearson Education, 2003
3. M.J.S.Smith” Application specific integrated circuits”, Pearson Education, 1997
4. J.Bhasker” Verilog HDL primer”, BS publication,2001
5. Ciletti “Advanced Digital Design with the Verilog HDL”, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

15ECN022 CIRCUIT THEORY 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To introduce electric circuits and its analysis
 To impart knowledge on solving circuits using network theorems
 To introduce the phenomenon of resonance in coupled circuits.
  To educate on obtaining the transient response of circuits.
 To Phasor diagrams and analysis of three phase circuits

UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITS 9

System of Units–Electrical Quantities–Circuit elements–Independent and Dependent Sources–Ohm’s
Law–Kirchhoff’s Laws–Kirchhoff’s voltage law, Kirchhoff’s current law, Analysis of Circuits using
Kirchhoff’s Laws– star to Delta Transformation–Mesh and Nodal analysis.

UNIT II AC CIRCUITS 9
Introduction to Time Varying and Alternating Quantities – Average and RMS(effective)values –Form
Factor–Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements – Steady Sate Solution using Phasor algebra –3–
phase circuits – active power, reactive power, apparent power and power factor – power triangle.

UNIT III NETWORK REDUCTION AND NETWORK THEOREMS 9

Network reduction: voltage and current division, source transformation :voltage to current, current to
voltage transformation, Thevenin’s Theorem: Norton’s Theorem: Superposition Theorem: Maximum
power transfer Theorem: Reciprocity Theorem.

UNIT IV RESONANCE AND COUPLED CIRCUITS 9

Series and parallel resonance –frequency response – Quality factor and Bandwidth – Self and mutual
inductance – Coefficient of coupling and energy concepts– Tuned circuits – Single tuned circuits– –
Introduction to Transformers and its working principle.

UNIT V TRANSIENT RESPONSE FOR DC CIRCUITS 9

Analysis of Transient responses of RL, RC and RLC Circuits using Laplace transform for DC input and
A.C. with sinusoidal input, step input response and analysis of steady state and transient stability of
circuits
TOTAL: 45 h

COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course the students will be able to,
CO1: Explain the basic electrical circuit elements.K2
CO2: Explain the concept of KCL and KVL and apply them in appropriate circuits.K2 and K3
CO3: Analyze DC and AC circuits using mesh and nodal analysis.K4
CO4: Analyze AC circuits and calculate active, reactive and apparent power.K4
CO5: Minimize network using voltage and current division techniques.K6
CO6: Analyze DC and AC circuits using Thevenin’s theorem, Norton’s theorem, Superposition
theorem, Maximum Power Transfer theorem and Reciprocity theorem. K4
CO7: Determine the frequency response, quality factor and bandwidth of resonance and coupled
circuits.K5
CO8: Determine the transient response of RC, RL and RLC circuits.K5

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Navhi M and Edminister J A, “Theory and Problems of Electric Circuit”,Tata McGraw–Hill

Publishing company Limited, New Delhi, Fourth Edition, 2007
2. Sudhakar A and Shyammohan S palli, “Circuits and Networks – Analysis and Synthesis”, Tata
McGraw–Hill Publishing company Limited, New Delhi, Third Edition, 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Paranjothi SR, “Electric Circuits Analysis,” New Age International Ltd., New Delhi, 1996.
2. Joseph A. Edminister, Mahmood Nahri, “Electric circuits”, Schaum’s series, Tata McGraw–Hill,
New Delhi, 2001.
3. Charles K. Alexander, Mathew N.O. Sadik, “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits”, Second Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2003.
4. Kothari D. P and Nagrath I. J ., Basic Electrical Engineering, third edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill,
2009
5. Allan R. Hambley, Electrical Engineering–Principles & Applications by, Pearson Education, First
Impression, 2008.

15ECN102 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES 3 0 0 3

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To impart knowledge on the basics of static electric and magnetic field and the associated laws.
 To give insight into the propagation of EM waves and also to introduce the methods in
computational Electromagnetic.
 To make students have depth understanding of antennas, electronic devices, Waveguides is
possible.

UNIT I STATIC ELECTRIC FIELDS 9

Introduction to Co–ordinate System – Rectangular – Cylindrical and Spherical Co–ordinate System –
Introduction to line, Surface and Volume Integrals – Definition of Curl, Divergence and Gradient –
Meaning of Stokes theorem and Divergence theorem Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form – Definition of
Electric Field Intensity – Principle of Superposition – Electric Field due to discrete charges – Electric field
due to continuous charge distribution – Electric Field due to charges distributed uniformly on an infinite
and finite line – Electric Field on the axis of a uniformly charged circular disc – Electric Field due to an
infinite uniformly charged sheet. Electric Scalar Potential – Relationship between potential and electric
field – Potential due to infinite uniformly charged line – Potential due to electrical dipole – Electric Flux
Density – Gauss Law – Proof of Gauss Law – Applications.

UNIT II STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 9

The Biot – Savart Law in vector form – Magnetic Field intensity due to a finite and infinite wire carrying a
current I – Magnetic field intensity on the axis of a circular and rectangular loop carrying a current I –
Ampere’s circuital law and simple applications. Magnetic flux density – The Lorentz force equation for a
moving charge and applications – Force on a wire carrying a current I placed in a magnetic field – Torque
on a loop carrying a current I – Magnetic moment – Magnetic Vector Potential.

UNIT III ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MATERIALS 9

Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation – Electric Polarization–Nature of dielectric materials– Definition of
Capacitance – Capacitance of various geometries using Laplace’s equation – Electrostatic energy and
energy density – Boundary conditions for electric fields – Electric current – Current density – point form of
ohm’s law – continuity equation for current. Definition of Inductance – Inductance of loops and solenoids
– Definition of mutual inductance – simple examples. Energy density in magnetic fields – Nature of
magnetic materials – magnetization and permeability – magnetic boundary conditions.

UNIT IV TIME VARYING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS 9

Faraday’s law – Maxwell’s Second Equation in integral form from Faraday’s Law – Equation expressed in
point form. Displacement current – Ampere’s circuital law in integral form – Modified form of Ampere’s
circuital law as Maxwell’s first equation in integral form – Equation expressed in point form. Maxwell’s four
equations in integral form and differential form. Poynting Vector and the flow of power – Power flow in a
Co-axial cable – Instantaneous Average and Complex Poynting Vector.

UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 9

Derivation of Wave Equation – Uniform Plane Waves – Maxwell’s equation in Phasor form – Wave
equation in Phasor form – Plane waves in free space and in a homogenous material. Wave equation for a
conducting medium – Plane waves in lossy dielectrics – Propagation in good conductors – Skin effect.
Linear, Elliptical and circular polarization – Reflection of Plane Wave from a conductor – normal incidence
– Reflection of Plane Waves by a perfect dielectric – normal and oblique incidence. Dependence on
Polarization. Brewster angle.
TOTAL: 45 h
COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course the students will be able to,
CO1: Explain the uniform distribution of electric charges over an infinite and finite lines, circular disk
and sheets.K2
CO2: Explain Gauss law and its applications.K2
CO3: Evaluate the magnetic field generated by an electric current on a finite, infinite wire and the axis
of a circular or rectangular loop using Biot-Savart law.K5
CO4: Evaluate the magnetic force on a moving charge using Lorentz force equation.K5
CO5: Evaluate the capacitance and inductance of magnetic materials.K5
CO6: Explain Maxwell’s four equations in integral and differential form along with its applications.K2
CO7: Explain the concepts of propagation in good conductors.K2
CO8: Explain uniform plane waves, plane waves in free space, homogeneous material, lossy dielectrics
and perfect dielectric.K2

TEXT BOOKS:
1. W H. Hayt & J A Buck, “Engineering Electromagnetics” TATA McGraw–Hill, 7th Edition 2007 (Unit I, II,
III).
2. E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain, “Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.” Pearson
Education/PHI 4nd edition 2006. (Unit IV, V).

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku: “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” Oxford University Press, 4th

edition, 2007
2. Narayana Rao, N : “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics” 6th edition, Pearson Education, New
Delhi, 2006.
3. Ramo, Whinnery and Van Duzer: “Fields and Waves in Communications Electronics” John Wiley &
Sons, 3rd edition 2003.
4. David K.Cheng: “Field and Wave Electromagnetics – Second Edition–Pearson Edition, 2004.
5. G.S.N. Raju, Electromagnetic Field Theory & Transmission Lines, Pearson Education, 2006.

15ECN065 VLSI DESIGN LABORATORY 0 0 3 2

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
 To learn Hardware Descriptive Language(Verilog/VHDL)
 To learn the fundamental principles of VLSI circuit design in digital and analog
domain
  To familiarise fusing of logical modules on FPGAs
 To provide hands on design experience with professional design (EDA) platforms.

List of Experiments
1. Design Entry and simulation of combinational logic circuits (8 bit adders, 4 bit multipliers, address
decoders, multiplexers).
2. Design Entry and simulation of sequential logic circuits for counters
3. Design Entry and simulation of sequential logic circuits for PRBS generators and accumulators.
4. Synthesis, P&R and Post P&R simulation for combinational and sequential logic circuits
5. Generation of configuration/fuse files for all the combinational and sequential logic circuits
6. Configuration and Hardware Testing of FPGA devices for all the combinational and sequential
logic circuits and the correctness of the inputs and outputs on oscilloscopes (logic analyzer
preferred).
7. Determination of gain, bandwidth, output impedance and CMRR of MOS differential amplifier,
Schematic Entry and SPICE simulation.
8. Layout of a simple CMOS inverter, parasitic extraction and simulation.
9. Design of a 10 bit number controlled oscillator using standard cell approach, simulation followed
by study of synthesis reports.
10. Automatic layout generation followed by post layout extraction and simulation 10 bit number
controlled oscillator using standard cell approach.
Note1. Software Expt. 1 to 5 – Altera (Quartus) / Xilinx (Alliance) / ACTEL (Libero) tools.
Note2. The S/W tools for Expt. 6 To 10 Cadence /MAGMA / Tanner.

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course the students will be able to,

CO1: Design and simulate combinational logic circuits like adders, multipliers, address decoders and
multiplexers.K6
CO2: Design and simulate sequential logic circuits for counters, PRBS generators and accumulators.K6
CO3: Utilize FPGA to test all combinational and sequential circuits.K3
CO4: Determine the gain, bandwidth, output impedance and CMRR of MOS differential amplifier using
SPICE simulation.K5
CO5: Explain the various features of simulation tool Xilinx.K2
CO6: Explain the various features of Cadence and Tanner.K2
 15MEC022 RF SYSTEM DESIGSN 3 1 0 4

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

 Purpose to impart the modeling of RF system design in the field of communication system.

INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE OBJECTIVES:

 RF Filter designing
 Study of RF Active components
 RF transistor amplifier design
 Oscillators and mixers used in RF design

UNIT I RF ISSUES (12)

Importance of RF design, Electromagnetic Spectrum, RF behaviour of passive components, Chip
components and Circuit Board considerations, Scattering Parameters, Smith Chart and applications.

UNIT II RF FILTER DESIGN (12)

Overview, Basic resonator and filter configuration, Special filter realizations, Filter implementations,
Coupled filter.

UNIT III ACTIVE RF COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS (12)

RF diodes, BJT, RF FETs, High electron mobility transistors; Matching and Biasing Networks –
Impedance matching using discrete components, Microstripline matching networks, Amplifier classes of
operation and biasing networks.
UNIT IV RF AMPLIFIER DESIGNS (12)
Characteristics, Amplifier power relations, Stability considerations, Constant gain circles, Constant VSWR
circles, Low Noise circuits, Broadband , high power and multistage amplifiers.

UNIT V OSCILLATORS, MIXERS & APPLICATIONS (12)

Basic Oscillator model, High frequency oscillator configuration, Basic characteristics of Mixers; Phase
Locked Loops; RF directional couplers and hybrid couplers; Detector and demodulator circuits.

TOTAL: 60 h.

COURSE OUTCOME

At the end of this course, the student will be able to,

CO1: Explain the fundamentals of electromagnetic spectrums related to Radio Frequency

design and technology.K2
CO2: Determine the Scattering parameters using smith charts for specific applications.K5
CO3: Explain the fundamentals of RF resonators and RF filters and realization of special
filters.K2
CO4: Explain the working of active components such as RF Diodes, BJT, RF FET and High
electron mobility transistors.K2
CO5: Discuss the stability, gain and other characteristic requirements for designing RF
Amplifiers using constant VSWR circles.K6
CO6: Explain the characteristics and design of oscillators, mixers and couplers.K2

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Reinhold Ludwig and Powel Bretchko, RF Circuit Design – Theory and Applications, Pearson
Education Asia, First Edition, 2001.
2. Joseph. J. Carr, Secrets of RF Circuit Design, McGraw Hill Publishers, Third Edition, 2000.
3. Mathew M. Radmanesh, Radio Frequency & Microwave Electronics, Pearson Education Asia,
Second Edition, 2002.
4. Ulrich L. Rohde and David P. NewKirk, RF / Microwave Circuit Design, John Wiley & Sons USA
2000.
5. Roland E. Best, Phase – Locked Loops: Design, simulation and applications, McGraw Hill
Publishers 5TH edition 2003.